CN113831183A - Special biochar-based fertilizer for improving soil for tea trees and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a biochar-based fertilizer special for tea trees and used for improving soil and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biochar-based fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: tea branch biochar: 50-150 parts of straw biochar: 10-100 parts of urea: 200-300 parts of diammonium phosphate: 50-150 parts of potassium sulfate: 50-150 parts of diatomite: 20-100 parts of a bacillus cereus agent: 10-25 parts of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum: 5-20 parts of trichoderma fungicide: 3-18 parts of starch adhesive: 20-50 parts. According to the invention, by referring to fig. 1, the weight of each component of the special soil improvement for different ages of trees is proportioned, so that workers can fertilize tea trees with different ages of trees conveniently, the continuous growth of the tea trees is improved, then the plant wastes are recycled, the plant wastes are recycled by converting the plant wastes into the biochar-based fertilizer, the preparation cost of the biochar-based fertilizer is reduced to a certain extent, the problem of the pressure of the biochar wastes on the environment is solved, meanwhile, the soil can be improved, and the quality and the yield of tea leaves are improved.

Description

Special biochar-based fertilizer for improving soil for tea trees and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a biochar-based fertilizer special for tea trees and capable of improving soil and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The low utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and the high environmental risk brought by the chemical fertilizers in agricultural production always bother the major problems in the world, the use of the chemical fertilizers in tea production also causes serious deterioration of the ecological environment of a tea garden, the quality of tea is difficult to guarantee, how to prepare the green and ecological special fertilizers for tea, optimize the growth environment of tea trees, improve the yield and the quality of the tea trees and have important significance for promoting the sustainable development of the tea industry for improving the ecological system of the whole tea garden, so that the special biochar base fertilizer for tea trees and the preparation method thereof are needed to be used for improving the soil in the tea tree planting process.

The inventor finds that at least the following problems in the prior art are not solved: 1. the workers are inconvenient to fertilize tea trees with different ages, and the continuous growth of the tea trees is influenced; 2. the occurrence of serious root diseases such as tea tree root rot, root cancer, root-knot nematode and the like can not be effectively prevented, the cost is high, and the popularization is difficult; 3. the soil cannot be improved by simply applying organic fertilizer or inorganic fertilizer, and the quality and the yield of the tea leaves are influenced. Therefore, the invention designs a special biochar base fertilizer for improving soil for tea trees and a preparation method thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a biochar-based fertilizer special for tea trees and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the preparation method provided by the background technology is inconvenient for workers to fertilize tea trees with different ages, influences the continuous growth of the tea trees, cannot effectively prevent serious root diseases such as root rot, root cancer, root-knot nematode and the like of the tea trees, is high in cost and difficult to popularize, and cannot improve soil by simply applying organic fertilizers or inorganic fertilizers, and influences the quality and the yield of the tea. Therefore, the invention designs a special biochar base fertilizer for improving soil for tea trees and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a biochar-based fertilizer special for tea trees and capable of improving soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

tea branch biochar: 50-150 parts;

straw biochar: 10-100 parts;

urea: 200-300 parts;

diammonium phosphate: 50-150 parts;

potassium sulfate: 50-150 parts;

diatomite: 20-100 parts;

bacillus cereus agent: 10-25 parts;

b, bacillus subtilis preparation: 5-20 parts of a solvent;

trichoderma bacteria agent: 3-18 parts;

starch adhesive: 20-50 parts.

Preferably, the special soil improvement agent for young tea trees comprises the following components in parts by weight: tea branch biochar: 150 parts, straw biochar: 100 parts of urea: 120 parts of diammonium phosphate: 120 parts of potassium sulfate: 120 parts of diatomite: 80 parts of bacillus cereus agent: 20 parts of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum: 15 parts of trichoderma, and a trichoderma preparation: 15 parts, starch binder: 45 parts of the raw materials.

Preferably, the special soil improvement agent for three to four years old trees comprises the following components in parts by weight: tea branch biochar: 140 parts of straw biochar: 90 parts of urea: 140 parts of diammonium phosphate: 105 parts of potassium sulfate: 105 parts of diatomite: 90 parts, bacillus cereus agent: 22 parts of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum: 18 parts of trichoderma strain agent: 16 parts, starch binder: 48 parts.

Preferably, the special soil improvement agent for five to six years of tree ages comprises the following components in parts by weight: tea branch biochar: 120 parts of straw biochar: 70 parts of urea: 120 parts of diammonium phosphate: 60 parts, potassium sulfate: 60 parts of diatomite: 95 parts of bacillus cereus agent: 24 parts of bacillus subtilis preparation: 17 parts of trichoderma strain agent: 18 parts, starch binder: and 47 parts.

Preferably, the tea branch biochar is prepared by sequentially air-drying, crushing, carbonizing and re-crushing the pruned tea branches.

Preferably, the straw biochar is prepared by crushing, carbonizing and re-crushing corn straws and wheat straws in agricultural wastes, and the crushed length of the agricultural wastes is 0.5-1.5 cm.

Preferably, the drying temperature is 45-70 ℃, the drying time is 9-10 h, the carbonization temperature is 400-720 ℃, and the carbonization time is 100-120 min.

A preparation method of a biochar-based fertilizer special for tea trees and used for improving soil comprises the following steps:

s1, firstly, air-drying, crushing, carbonizing and re-crushing the tea branches obtained by pruning to obtain tea branch biochar, then, air-drying at least one of agricultural wastes, namely cotton straws, sawdust, peanut shells, corn straws, wheat straws, cotton straws, pumpkin straws and cherry tomato straws to remove impurities, and then, sequentially crushing, drying and carbonizing to obtain straw biochar;

s2, then batching:

preparing tea branch biochar, straw biochar, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, diatomite, a bacillus cereus agent, a bacillus subtilis agent, a trichoderma agent and a starch adhesive according to data in claims 2-4 for classification and later use;

s3, mixing materials:

according to the data in the claims 2-4, quantitative tea branch biochar, straw biochar, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, diatomite, bacillus cereus agent, bacillus subtilis agent, trichoderma agent and starch adhesive are put into the mixing box in a classified mode for classified mixing.

S4, and then screening, granulating, drying and packaging under the conditions that the temperature is 25-35 ℃ and the pH value is 6.2-6.9 to obtain the biochar base fertilizer special for improving the soil for the tea trees.

And S5, finally, conveying the packaged special soil improvement biochar base fertilizer for tea trees into a warehouse for standard detection.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a special soil improvement agent for different ages of trees, which is prepared by proportioning the weight of each component of the special soil improvement agent for different ages of trees with reference to a graph 1, then experimental data is obtained by referring to a graph 2, a graph 3 and a graph 4, so that workers can fertilize the tea trees with different ages of trees, the continuous growth of the tea trees is improved, plant wastes are recycled, the plant wastes are converted into a biochar-based fertilizer, the preparation cost of the biochar-based fertilizer is reduced to a certain extent, the problem of the pressure of the biological wastes on the environment is solved, simultaneously, the soil can be improved, the quality and the yield of tea leaves are improved, and the special soil improvement agent can be obtained by the experimental data in a graph 5, the disease resistance of the tea trees can be enhanced by inducing by using bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma agents, root diseases including root rot, root cancerosis and root-knot nematode of the tea trees can be effectively prevented and controlled, thereby promoting the growth of the young and mature tea plant and improving the microbial quantity of the root system of the tea plant and the activity of soil enzyme.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of raw materials in parts by weight according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a figure showing the soil improvement effect of the young tea plant of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a quality chart of three to four years old tree-age dedicated soil improvement of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a quality chart of soil improvement dedicated for five to six years of age;

FIG. 5 is a graph of the incidence of diseases of different ages of trees according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: a biochar-based fertilizer special for tea trees and capable of improving soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

tea branch biochar: 50-150 parts;

straw biochar: 10-100 parts;

urea: 200-300 parts;

diammonium phosphate: 50-150 parts;

potassium sulfate: 50-150 parts;

diatomite: 20-100 parts;

bacillus cereus agent: 10-25 parts;

b, bacillus subtilis preparation: 5-20 parts of a solvent;

trichoderma bacteria agent: 3-18 parts;

starch adhesive: 20-50 parts.

The first embodiment is as follows:

the raw materials in parts by weight are as follows:

tea branch biochar: 50-150 parts;

straw biochar: 10-100 parts;

urea: 200-300 parts;

diammonium phosphate: 50-150 parts;

potassium sulfate: 50-150 parts;

diatomite: 20-100 parts;

bacillus cereus agent: 10-25 parts;

b, bacillus subtilis preparation: 5-20 parts of a solvent;

trichoderma bacteria agent: 3-18 parts;

starch adhesive: 20-50 parts.

In the embodiment, the special soil improvement for young tea trees comprises the following components in parts by weight: tea branch biochar: 150 parts, straw biochar: 100 parts of urea: 120 parts of diammonium phosphate: 120 parts of potassium sulfate: 120 parts of diatomite: 80 parts of bacillus cereus agent: 20 parts of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum: 15 parts of trichoderma, and a trichoderma preparation: 15 parts, starch binder: 45 parts, can refer to figure 1.

In the embodiment, the special soil improvement for three to four years of age comprises the following components in parts by weight: tea branch biochar: 140 parts of straw biochar: 90 parts of urea: 140 parts of diammonium phosphate: 105 parts of potassium sulfate: 105 parts of diatomite: 90 parts, bacillus cereus agent: 22 parts of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum: 18 parts of trichoderma strain agent: 16 parts, starch binder: 48 parts, refer to figure 1.

In the embodiment, the special soil improvement for the trees of five to six years old comprises the following components in parts by weight: tea branch biochar: 120 parts of straw biochar: 70 parts of urea: 120 parts of diammonium phosphate: 60 parts, potassium sulfate: 60 parts of diatomite: 95 parts of bacillus cereus agent: 24 parts of bacillus subtilis preparation: 17 parts of trichoderma strain agent: 18 parts, starch binder: 47 parts, can refer to figure 1.

In this embodiment, the tea branch biochar is prepared by sequentially air-drying, crushing, carbonizing and re-crushing the tea branches obtained by pruning, so as to reduce 'secondary plant diseases and insect pests' caused by direct returning of the tea tree pruner to the field.

In the embodiment, the straw biochar is prepared by smashing, carbonizing and re-smashing corn straws and wheat straws in agricultural wastes, the smashed length of the agricultural wastes is 0.5-1.5 cm, and the biochar prepared from the agricultural straws and other wastes is beneficial to improving the organic carbon content of soil and improving the soil fertility, so that the absorption and maintenance effects of cucumbers on soil nutrients are improved, the pH value can be improved to solve the problem of soil acidification, and the straw biochar is matched with tea branch biochar for use, so that the purposes of improving the fertilizer utilization rate, reducing the fertilizer usage amount, increasing the crop yield and improving the cucumber quality are achieved.

In the embodiment, the drying temperature is 45-70 ℃, the drying time is 9-10 h, the carbonization temperature is 400-720 ℃, and the carbonization time is 100-120 min.

The preparation method of this example includes the following steps:

s1, firstly, air-drying, crushing, carbonizing and re-crushing the tea branches obtained by pruning to obtain tea branch biochar, then, air-drying at least one of agricultural wastes, namely cotton straws, sawdust, peanut shells, corn straws, wheat straws, cotton straws, pumpkin straws and cherry tomato straws to remove impurities, and then, sequentially crushing, drying and carbonizing to obtain straw biochar;

s2, then batching:

preparing tea branch biochar, straw biochar, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, diatomite, a bacillus cereus agent, a bacillus subtilis agent, a trichoderma agent and a starch adhesive according to data in claims 2-4 for classification and later use;

s3, mixing materials:

according to the data in the claims 2-4, quantitative tea branch biochar, straw biochar, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, diatomite, bacillus cereus agent, bacillus subtilis agent, trichoderma agent and starch adhesive are put into the mixing box in a classified mode for classified mixing.

S4, and then screening, granulating, drying and packaging under the conditions that the temperature is 25-35 ℃ and the pH value is 6.2-6.9 to obtain the biochar base fertilizer special for improving the soil for the tea trees.

S5, finally, the packaged biochar-based fertilizer special for improving the soil for the tea trees is conveyed to a warehouse to be detected according to the standard, and the conclusion can be drawn by referring to (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4 and figure 5).

Example two:

the difference characteristic from the first embodiment is that:

tea branch biochar: 50-250 parts;

urea: 200-300 parts;

diammonium phosphate: 50-200 parts;

potassium sulfate: 50-200 parts;

diatomite: 20-150 parts;

starch adhesive: 20-50 parts.

In the embodiment, the weight ratio of each component is as follows: tea branch biochar: 250 parts of urea: 200 parts of diammonium phosphate: 150 parts, potassium sulfate: 150 parts, diatomite: 100 parts of starch binder: 45 parts of the raw materials.

In this embodiment, the tea branch charcoal is prepared by sequentially air-drying, pulverizing, carbonizing, and re-pulverizing the pruned tea branches.

In the embodiment, the drying temperature is 45-60 ℃, the drying time is 9-11 h, the carbonization temperature is 400-600 ℃, and the carbonization time is 100-160 min.

The refining method of this example comprises the following steps:

s1, firstly, sequentially carrying out air drying, crushing, carbonizing and re-crushing on the pruned tea branches to obtain tea branch biochar;

s2, then batching:

preparing quantitative tea branch biochar, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, diatomite and a starch adhesive for later use;

s3, mixing materials:

and (3) putting a certain amount of the tea branch biochar, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, diatomite and a starch adhesive into a mixing box for mixing.

And S4, screening, granulating, drying and packaging under the conditions that the temperature is 25-35 ℃ and the pH value is 6.0-6.8 to obtain the biochar-based fertilizer special for improving the soil for the tea trees, wherein the test data can be checked by referring to (figure 2, figure 3, figure 4 and figure 5).

Example three:

the difference from the first embodiment and the second embodiment is characterized in that:

the raw materials in parts by weight are as follows:

straw biochar: 50-300 parts;

urea: 100 and 250 portions;

diammonium phosphate: 50-200 parts;

potassium sulfate: 50-200 parts;

starch adhesive: 20-50 parts.

In the embodiment, the special soil improvement for young tea trees comprises the following components in parts by weight: straw biochar: 250 parts of urea: 220 parts of diammonium phosphate: 180 parts, potassium sulfate: 200 parts, starch binder: 45 parts of the raw materials.

The preparation method of this example includes the following steps:

s1, firstly, air-drying at least one of agricultural wastes including cotton straw, sawdust, peanut shell, corn straw, wheat straw, cotton straw, pumpkin straw and cherry tomato straw, removing impurities, and then sequentially crushing, drying and carbonizing to obtain straw biochar;

s2, then batching:

preparing quantitative straw biochar, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and a starch adhesive for later use;

s3, mixing materials:

and (3) putting a certain amount of straw biochar, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and a starch adhesive into the mixing box in a classified manner for mixing.

And S4, screening, granulating, drying and packaging under the conditions that the temperature is 25-35 ℃ and the pH value is 6.0-6.8 to obtain the biochar-based fertilizer special for improving the soil for the tea trees, wherein the test data can be checked by referring to (figure 2, figure 3, figure 4 and figure 5).

In summary, the following steps: the invention provides a biochar-based fertilizer special for tea trees and a preparation method thereof by comparing a first embodiment, a second embodiment and a third embodiment with reference to (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4 and figure 5), wherein the biochar-based fertilizer special for tea trees and the preparation method thereof are provided, the biochar-based fertilizer special for tea trees are prepared by proportioning the weight of each component of the special soil for improving the tea trees with different ages with reference to figure 1, and then experimental data is obtained by referring to figure 2, figure 3 and figure 4, so that workers can conveniently fertilize the tea trees with different ages, the continuous growth of the tea trees is improved, plant wastes are recycled, the plant wastes are recycled by converting the plant wastes into the biochar-based fertilizer, the preparation cost of the biochar-based fertilizer is reduced to a certain extent, the problem of the pressure of the biological wastes on the environment is solved, meanwhile, the soil can be improved, the quality and the yield of tea leaves are improved, and the experimental data can be obtained by referring to figure 5, according to the invention, the bacillus cereus agent, the bacillus subtilis agent and the trichoderma agent are utilized to induce and enhance the disease resistance of tea trees, and root diseases including tea tree root rot, root canceration and root knot nematode are effectively prevented and controlled, so that the growth of low-age and mature tea tree plants is promoted, and the number of microorganisms in the root system of the tea trees and the activity of soil enzymes are improved.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. The special biochar-based fertilizer for improving soil for tea trees is characterized in that: the raw materials in parts by weight are as follows:

tea branch biochar: 50-150 parts;

straw biochar: 10-100 parts;

urea: 200-300 parts;

diammonium phosphate: 50-150 parts;

potassium sulfate: 50-150 parts;

diatomite: 20-100 parts;

bacillus cereus agent: 10-25 parts;

b, bacillus subtilis preparation: 5-20 parts of a solvent;

trichoderma bacteria agent: 3-18 parts;

starch adhesive: 20-50 parts.

2. The biochar-based fertilizer special for improving the soil for tea trees, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the special soil improvement agent for young tea trees comprises the following components in parts by weight: tea branch biochar: 150 parts, straw biochar: 100 parts of urea: 120 parts of diammonium phosphate: 120 parts of potassium sulfate: 120 parts of diatomite: 80 parts of bacillus cereus agent: 20 parts of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum: 15 parts of trichoderma, and a trichoderma preparation: 15 parts, starch binder: 45 parts of the raw materials.

3. The biochar-based fertilizer special for improving the soil for tea trees, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the special soil improvement agent for three to four years of tree ages comprises the following components in parts by weight: tea branch biochar: 140 parts of straw biochar: 90 parts of urea: 140 parts of diammonium phosphate: 105 parts of potassium sulfate: 105 parts of diatomite: 90 parts, bacillus cereus agent: 22 parts of a bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum: 18 parts of trichoderma strain agent: 16 parts, starch binder: 48 parts.

4. The biochar-based fertilizer special for improving the soil for tea trees, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the special soil improvement agent for the five to six years of tree ages comprises the following components in parts by weight: tea branch biochar: 120 parts of straw biochar: 70 parts of urea: 120 parts of diammonium phosphate: 60 parts, potassium sulfate: 60 parts of diatomite: 95 parts of bacillus cereus agent: 24 parts of bacillus subtilis preparation: 17 parts of trichoderma strain agent: 18 parts, starch binder: and 47 parts.

5. The biochar-based fertilizer special for improving the soil for tea trees, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the tea branch charcoal is prepared by sequentially air-drying, crushing, carbonizing and re-crushing the trimmed tea branches.

6. The biochar-based fertilizer special for improving the soil for tea trees, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the straw biochar is prepared by smashing, carbonizing and re-smashing corn straws and wheat straws in agricultural wastes, and the smashed length of the agricultural wastes is 0.5-1.5 cm.

7. The biochar-based fertilizer special for improving the soil for the tea trees, as claimed in claims 5-6, is characterized in that: the drying temperature is 45-70 ℃, the drying time is 9-10 h, the carbonization temperature is 400-720 ℃, and the carbonization time is 100-120 min.

8. A preparation method of a biochar-based fertilizer special for tea trees and used for improving soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:

s1, firstly, air-drying, crushing, carbonizing and re-crushing the tea branches obtained by pruning to obtain tea branch biochar, then, air-drying at least one of agricultural wastes, namely cotton straws, sawdust, peanut shells, corn straws, wheat straws, cotton straws, pumpkin straws and cherry tomato straws to remove impurities, and then, sequentially crushing, drying and carbonizing to obtain straw biochar;

s2, then batching:

preparing tea branch biochar, straw biochar, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, diatomite, a bacillus cereus agent, a bacillus subtilis agent, a trichoderma agent and a starch adhesive according to data in claims 2-4 for classification and later use;

s3, mixing materials:

according to the data in the claims 2-4, quantitative tea branch biochar, straw biochar, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, diatomite, bacillus cereus agent, bacillus subtilis agent, trichoderma agent and starch adhesive are put into the mixing box in a classified mode for classified mixing.

S4, and then screening, granulating, drying and packaging under the conditions that the temperature is 25-35 ℃ and the pH value is 6.2-6.9 to obtain the biochar base fertilizer special for improving the soil for the tea trees.

And S5, finally, conveying the packaged special soil improvement biochar base fertilizer for tea trees into a warehouse for standard detection.

Images