CN113819874A - Method for testing machining precision of speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth sector - Google Patents
Method for testing machining precision of speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth sector Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a method for testing the machining precision of a speed ratio and a speed ratio crowned tooth sector, which solve the problem that the machining precision of the existing speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth profile cannot be directly tested, and provide a method for obtaining ideal digital tooth profiles of various linear and nonlinear speed ratios and speed ratio crowned teeth as the test standard of the actual machining tooth profile so as to directly test the speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth profile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear machining, and particularly relates to a method for testing machining accuracy of a gear sector of a speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth rocker arm shaft for an automobile steering gear.
Background
In order to improve steering performance such as steering stability and steering portability, rocker shaft gear sectors are usually designed to have tooth profiles such as fixed speed ratio, variable speed ratio and variable speed ratio crowned teeth. The tooth profile of the rocker arm shaft sector is not a standard involute tooth profile except for a fixed speed ratio straight tooth, a detection method is different from a judgment standard, direct tooth profile detection is almost blank, and indirect measurement is mainly adopted, such as rod distance inspection or running-in performance inspection and the like, to judge the tooth profile accuracy of the rocker arm shaft sector.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for testing the machining precision of a speed ratio and a speed ratio crowned tooth sector, which solves the problem that the machining precision of the crowned tooth profile of the existing speed ratio and speed ratio cannot be directly tested for tooth profile deviation.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: a method for testing the machining accuracy of a speed ratio and a speed ratio crowned tooth sector comprises the following steps:
drawing a tooth profile diagram of a comb-tooth cutter and an outline diagram of a machining section of a rocker shaft gear sector;
step two, acquiring the machining circumference feeding amount and the machining full tooth depth position;
step three, solving the real-time position relation between the cutter and the workpiece;
step four, simulating generation and processing;
step five, detecting the actual processing tooth form of the rocker shaft sector;
step six, comparing the theoretical tooth profile with the actual machined tooth profile, and calculating the maximum tooth profile deviation;
and seventhly, judging.
The specific operation of the first step is that the outline drawing of the rocker arm shaft sector, the tooth profile drawing of the comb-tooth cutter and the real tooth profile drawing are drawn in the same figure, and the initial position of the rocker arm shaft sector, the tooth profile drawing of the comb-tooth cutter and the real tooth profile drawing are placed according to the actual machining position and used as the initial position of the machining simulation setting.
And the second step is specifically operated to obtain the circumferential feeding amount, the spread angle and the machining depth according to the cutting parameters used in actual machining, and set a starting environment for machining simulation.
And the third step is specifically operated to calculate the relation between the real-time position of the comb teeth cutter and the shaft angle of the rocker arm during processing according to the speed ratio curve chart and the drum curve chart.
The specific operation of the step four is to simulate the machining process of the rocker shaft gear sector by using the initial environment set in the steps one to three.
And the concrete operation of the step five is to detect the actual processing tooth profile of the rocker shaft sector and obtain the actual processing tooth profile.
And the specific operation of the sixth step is to superpose the theoretical tooth profile and the actually processed tooth profile, amplify and detect, measure the tooth profile deviation of the main characteristic point and find the maximum deviation value and position.
And the specific operation of the seventh step is to judge whether the actually processed tooth profile is qualified or not according to the tolerance value set by the technical requirement.
When the rocker shaft sector is machined, graphs and speed ratio graphs of a comb-tooth cutter and the rocker shaft sector are obtained, if the graphs are drum-shaped teeth, the drum-shaped graphs are known, the theoretical tooth profile of the rocker shaft sector is unknown, the theoretical tooth profile of the rocker shaft sector is obtained by simulating actual machining under known conditions, the theoretical tooth profile obtained by the method is a vector diagram, and the theoretical tooth profile can be infinitely amplified without distortion according to the vector diagram and is used as a tooth profile inspection standard to compare the actually machined tooth profile;
according to the speed ratio curve chart, the relation between the real-time position y of the comb tooth cutter and the rotating angle alpha of the rocker shaft sector during machining is obtained:
when alpha is at alpha1When the half segment of 0 is negative, the value of y is negative and the value is unchanged;
if the tooth is crowned, the relation between the real-time position x of the comb tooth cutter and the sector rotation angle alpha of the rocker arm shaft during processing is obtained according to a crowned curve graph:
when alpha is at alpha7When the negative half section of 0 is reached, the value of x is negative, and the value is unchanged;
wherein, in the formulae (1) and (2), i1: intermediate transmission ratio, i2: the transmission ratio of two sides;
α1：i2a drive start angle; alpha is alpha2：i2Starting to i1Changing the initial angle; alpha is alpha3：i2Changing the ending angle; alpha is alpha4：i1Starting to i2Changing the initial angle; alpha is alpha5：i1Changing the ending angle; alpha is alpha6：i2A drive end angle;
x1: x-axis coordinate at crown tooth end, x2: x-axis coordinates when crowned teeth are formed;
α7: the drum-shaped teeth form a starting angle; alpha is alpha8: the drum-shaped teeth form a finishing angle; alpha is alpha9: crowned teeth maintain a toe angle; alpha is alpha10: the drum-shaped teeth form a finishing angle;
and programming by utilizing the relation, simulating actual processing to obtain an ideal theoretical tooth profile of the rocker shaft sector, measuring by utilizing three coordinates to obtain discrete point coordinates of the actually processed tooth profile after the processing is finished, converting the discrete point coordinates into the actually processed tooth profile, and amplifying and comparing the theoretical tooth profile and the actually processed tooth profile according to the characteristic of infinite amplification and undistortion of a vector diagram to obtain tooth profile deviation.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention solves the problem that the tooth profile deviation of the existing speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth machining precision can not be directly tested, and provides a method for obtaining the vector diagram of the theoretical digital tooth profile of various linear and nonlinear speed ratio and speed ratio crowned teeth as the test standard of the actual machining tooth profile so as to directly test the speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth profile.
2. The invention solves the relation between the real-time position of the comb teeth cutter and the angle of the rocker shaft during processing according to a speed ratio curve graph and a drum curve graph, utilizes the circumferential feeding amount, the spread angle and the full tooth depth position used in actual processing to simulate processing, extracts a theoretical tooth profile graph as the standard of tooth profile inspection, amplifies and compares the theoretical tooth profile and the actual processing tooth profile, solves the maximum tooth profile deviation, and judges whether the actual processing tooth profile is qualified or not according to a tolerance range set by technical requirements.
3. The invention extracts the theoretical tooth profile diagram of the rocker shaft sector, compares the theoretical tooth profile diagram with the tooth profile formed by actual processing, can judge whether the tooth profile is qualified or not, can analyze the position, the size and the variation trend of the tooth profile deviation, and provides a basis for reasonably adjusting cutting parameters and improving processing quality.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 shows the conjugate tooth profile of the rocker shaft sector of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a speed ratio profile of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a crowning curve of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an actual machining tooth profile.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of the initial position of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a simulated generated process map of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a theoretical tooth profile of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a tooth profile comparison of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a comparative enlarged view of a tooth form according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1 rocker shaft sector, 2 simulation theoretical tooth profile, 3 comb tooth cutter, 5 actual processing tooth profile and 6 theoretical tooth profile.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-10, the processing of the gear ratio and the gear ratio of the drum-shaped tooth sector is finished by generating and processing a rocker arm shaft tooth sector blank by using a comb-tooth cutter 3, the design of the comb-tooth cutter 3 is designed according to a transmission ratio curve, the tooth profile of the comb-tooth cutter 3 is different from that of a standard rack comb-tooth cutter, the comb-tooth cutter 3 and the rocker arm shaft tooth sector move according to a specified transmission ratio curve during generation, for the drum-shaped tooth, the center distance between the comb-tooth cutter 3 and the rocker arm shaft tooth sector can also change during generation, and the tooth profile of the rocker arm shaft tooth sector is the conjugate tooth profile of the comb-tooth cutter under the condition of a given gear ratio, as shown in fig. 1. The conjugate tooth profile does not have a common standard, and the tooth profile is different as long as any one of a sector module, a tooth number, a machining angle, a transmission ratio curve or a drum curve is changed, so that the conjugate tooth profile cannot have a uniform inspection standard like a standard involute cylindrical gear. To directly check the tooth profile of the rocker shaft sector, this characteristic tooth profile must first be obtained. Therefore, the first step of directly measuring and judging the machining precision of the gear ratio and the gear ratio crowned tooth profile is to obtain an ideal digital tooth profile, namely the theoretical tooth profile 6, which is a standard for inspection and has a basis for inspection and judgment.
When the rocker shaft sector 1 is processed, graphs and speed ratio graphs of the comb-tooth cutter 3 and the rocker shaft sector 1 are shown in a graph 2, if the rocker shaft sector 1 is a crowned tooth, the crowned graph is known as shown in a graph 3, a theoretical tooth profile 6 of the rocker shaft sector 1 is unknown, the theoretical tooth profile 6 of the rocker shaft sector is obtained by simulating actual processing under the known conditions, and the theoretical tooth profile 6 is used as a tooth profile inspection standard to compare the actually processed tooth profile according to the characteristic that a vector diagram can be infinitely amplified without distortion;
according to the speed ratio curve chart, as shown in fig. 2, the relation between the real-time position y of the comb tooth cutter and the sector rotation angle alpha of the rocker shaft during machining is obtained:
when alpha is at alpha1When the half segment of 0 is negative, the value of y is negative and the value is unchanged;
if the tooth is crowned, the relation between the real-time position x of the comb tooth cutter and the sector rotation angle alpha of the rocker arm shaft during processing is obtained according to a crowned curve graph:
when alpha is at alpha7When the negative half section of 0 is reached, the value of x is negative, and the value is unchanged;
wherein, in the formulae (1) and (2), i1: intermediate transmission ratio, i2: the transmission ratio of two sides;
α1：i2a drive start angle; alpha is alpha2：i2Starting to i1Changing the initial angle; alpha is alpha3：i2Changing the ending angle; alpha is alpha4：i1Starting to i2Changing the initial angle; alpha is alpha5：i1Changing the ending angle; alpha is alpha6：i2A drive end angle;
x1: x-axis coordinate at crown tooth end, x2: x-axis coordinates when crowned teeth are formed;
α7: the drum-shaped teeth form a starting angle; alpha is alpha8: the drum-shaped teeth form a finishing angle; alpha is alpha9: crowned teeth maintain a toe angle; alpha is alpha10: the drum-shaped teeth form a finishing angle;
and (3) programming by utilizing the relation, simulating actual processing to obtain an ideal theoretical tooth profile 6 of the rocker shaft sector, measuring by utilizing three coordinates to obtain discrete point coordinates of the actually processed tooth profile after the processing is finished, converting the discrete point coordinates into an actually processed tooth profile 5, and amplifying and comparing the theoretical tooth profile 6 and the actually processed tooth profile 5 to obtain tooth profile deviation according to the characteristic of infinite amplification and no distortion of a vector diagram as shown in figure 5.
The steps and effects of the method are described by taking the example of machining a rocker shaft gear sector by a numerical control gear sector gear shaping machine with the model number YK 5612D.
The machining tool parameters were as follows:
the comb teeth knife 3: number of teeth z1The pressure angle α is 22 ° and 27 ° (4)
Rocker shaft sector 1: effective number of teeth z 23, reference circle diameter 102, sector cone angle 5 °, full tooth depth 20.35mm
The implementation steps are as follows:
drawing a tooth profile diagram of a comb tooth cutter 3 and an outline diagram of a processing section of a rocker shaft gear sector 1;
drawing the outline drawing of the processing section of the rocker shaft sector 1, the tooth form drawing of the comb-tooth cutter 3 and the real tooth form drawing in the same figure, wherein the initial position is placed according to the actual processing position and is used as the initial position of the processing simulation setting, as shown in fig. 6; wherein the patterns of the comb teeth knife 3 comprise a tooth profile pattern and an outline pattern;
step two, acquiring the machining circumference feeding amount and the machining full tooth depth position;
according to cutting parameters used in actual processing, acquiring a circumference feed amount of 0.25mm/str, a spread angle of-65 degrees to 65 degrees and a processing depth of 20.35mm, and setting a starting environment for processing simulation;
step three, solving the real-time position relation between the cutter and the workpiece;
and (4) according to the speed ratio curve graph and the drum curve graph, solving the relation between the real-time position of the comb teeth cutter 3 and the rotation angle of the rocker shaft during processing. In this example, the specific parameters corresponding to the speed ratio curve chart 2 and the drum curve chart 3 are as follows: alpha is alpha1＝-65°、α2＝-45°、α3＝-4°、α4＝4°、α5＝45°、α6＝65°，i1＝20.69、i2＝24.57，α7＝-10°、α8＝-5°、α9＝5°、α10＝10°、x1＝50.845、x2＝51.175；
Step four, simulating generation and processing;
programming by the method provided by the invention by utilizing the initial environment set in the first step to the third step to automatically simulate the machining process of the rocker shaft gear sector, as shown in FIG. 7; extracting a theoretical tooth profile 6 as shown in fig. 8;
step five, detecting the actual processing tooth form 5 of the rocker shaft sector, as shown in fig. 5;
step six, comparing the theoretical tooth profile 6 with the actually processed tooth profile 5 to obtain the maximum tooth profile deviation;
the theoretical tooth profile 6 and the actual tooth profile 5 are superposed together, amplified and detected, the tooth profile deviation of the main characteristic point is measured, and the maximum deviation value and the position are found, as shown in fig. 9 and 10. The maximum deviation value in this example is 0.00951634 mm;
and seventhly, judging. According to the technical requirements, the tooth profile deviation allowable value of the rocker arm shaft sector in the embodiment is 0.012mm, and the actual deviation is 0.00951634mm, so that the tooth profile precision can be judged to meet the requirements.
Claims (9)
1. A method for testing the machining accuracy of a speed ratio and a speed ratio crowned tooth sector is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drawing a tooth profile diagram of a comb-tooth cutter (3) and an outline diagram of a processing section of a rocker shaft gear sector (1);
step two, acquiring the machining circumference feeding amount and the machining full tooth depth position;
step three, solving the real-time position relation between the cutter and the workpiece;
step four, simulating generation and processing;
step five, detecting the actual processing tooth form (5) of the rocker shaft sector;
step six, comparing the theoretical tooth profile (6) with the actually processed tooth profile (5) to obtain the maximum tooth profile deviation;
and seventhly, judging.
2. A method of verifying the accuracy of the machining of the ratio and ratio sectors of the crown gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific operation of the first step is that the outline drawing of the rocker arm shaft sector (1), the tooth profile drawing of the comb-tooth cutter (3) and the real tooth profile drawing are drawn in the same drawing, and the initial position of the drawing is placed according to the actual machining position and is used as the initial position of the machining simulation setting.
3. A method of verifying the accuracy of the machining of the ratio and ratio sectors of the crown gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the second step is specifically operated to obtain the circumferential feeding amount, the spread angle and the machining depth according to the cutting parameters used in actual machining, and set a starting environment for machining simulation.
4. A method of verifying the accuracy of the machining of the ratio and ratio sectors of the crown gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the third step is specifically operated to obtain the relation between the real-time position of the comb teeth cutter (3) and the rotation angle of the rocker shaft during processing according to the speed ratio curve chart and the drum curve chart.
5. A method of verifying the accuracy of the machining of the ratio and ratio sectors of the crown gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific operation of the step four is to simulate the machining process of the rocker shaft gear sector by using the initial environment set in the steps one to three.
6. A method of verifying the accuracy of the machining of the ratio and ratio sectors of the crown gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the concrete operation of the step five is to detect the actual machining tooth profile of the rocker shaft sector and obtain the actual machining tooth profile (5).
7. A method of verifying the accuracy of the machining of the ratio and ratio sectors of the crown gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the concrete operation of the sixth step is that the theoretical tooth profile (6) and the actually processed tooth profile (5) are superposed together, amplified detection is carried out, the tooth profile deviation of the main characteristic point is measured, and the maximum deviation value and the position are found.
8. A method of verifying the accuracy of the machining of the ratio and ratio sectors of the crown gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the specific operation of the seventh step is to judge whether the actually processed tooth profile is qualified or not according to the tolerance value set by the technical requirement.
9. A method of verifying the accuracy of the machining of the ratio and ratio sectors of the crown gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the rocker shaft sector (1) is processed, graphs and speed ratio graphs of the comb-tooth cutter (3) and the rocker shaft sector (1) are shown, if the rocker shaft sector (1) is a drum-shaped tooth, the drum-shaped graphs are known, the theoretical tooth profile (6) of the rocker shaft sector (1) is unknown, the theoretical tooth profile (6) of the rocker shaft sector is obtained by simulating actual processing under the known conditions, the theoretical tooth profile (6) obtained by the method is a vector diagram, and the theoretical tooth profile (6) is used as a tooth profile inspection standard to compare the actually processed tooth profile according to the characteristic that the vector diagram can be infinitely amplified without distortion;
according to the speed ratio curve chart, the relation between the real-time position y of the comb tooth cutter and the rotating angle alpha of the rocker shaft sector during machining is obtained:
when alpha is at alpha1When the half segment of 0 is negative, the value of y is negative and the value is unchanged;
if the tooth is crowned, the relation between the real-time position x of the comb tooth cutter and the sector rotation angle alpha of the rocker arm shaft during processing is obtained according to a crowned curve graph:
when alpha is at alpha7When the negative half section of 0 is reached, the value of x is negative, and the value is unchanged;
wherein, in the formulae (1) and (2), i1: intermediate transmission ratio, i2: the transmission ratio of two sides;
α1：i2a drive start angle; alpha is alpha2：i2Starting to i1Changing the initial angle; alpha is alpha3：i2Changing the ending angle; alpha is alpha4：i1Starting to i2Changing the initial angle; alpha is alpha5：i1Changing the ending angle; alpha is alpha6：i2A drive end angle;
x1: x-axis coordinate at crown tooth end, x2: x-axis coordinates when crowned teeth are formed;
α7: the drum-shaped teeth form a starting angle; alpha is alpha8: the drum-shaped teeth form a finishing angle; alpha is alpha9: crowned teeth maintain a toe angle; alpha is alpha10: the drum-shaped teeth form a finishing angle;
and programming by utilizing the relation, simulating actual processing to obtain an ideal theoretical tooth profile (6) of the rocker shaft sector, measuring by utilizing three coordinates to obtain discrete point coordinates of the actual processed tooth profile after the processing is finished, converting the discrete point coordinates into the actual processed tooth profile (5), and amplifying and comparing the theoretical tooth profile (6) and the actual processed tooth profile (5) to obtain tooth profile deviation according to the characteristic of infinite amplification and no distortion of a vector diagram.
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2021
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1068989A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-02-17 | 太原工业大学 | Processing technique for gear wheel drum shape teeth by abrasive flow |
| US20090019927A1 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2009-01-22 | Keiichiro Tobisawa | Gear pair evaluation apparatus, gear pair evaluation program, and gear pair whose tooth surfaces are evaluated using the apparatus and program |
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