CN110045685B - Method for checking working precision of gear machine tool - Google Patents
Method for checking working precision of gear machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN110045685B CN110045685B CN201910325423.3A CN201910325423A CN110045685B CN 110045685 B CN110045685 B CN 110045685B CN 201910325423 A CN201910325423 A CN 201910325423A CN 110045685 B CN110045685 B CN 110045685B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
- G05B19/4065—Monitoring tool breakage, life or condition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37616—Use same monitoring tools to monitor tool and workpiece
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
Abstract
A method for testing the working accuracy of gear machine tool features that the data about the drive chain test in the debugging stage of machine tool is used to continuously generate the simulated real machining state of tool and workpiece by program control in AutoCAD environment, and the generated tooth profile is compared with the theoretically correct tooth profile to obtain the accuracy grade of gear. The invention can be applied to a gear machine tool processed by a generating method, is used as a method for testing the working precision of the machine tool, overcomes the problems of long period, large waste, environmental protection and difficulty in meeting mass production when the original actual precision cutting test method is used for testing, can also be used as a method for testing the working precision when the gear machine tool is used for processing small-module gears and various non-standard gears, and has the characteristics of no need of actual processing trial cutting, no cutting oil generation, no smoke generation, environmental protection, no tool loss, quick testing and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear machine tool precision measurement and machining precision detection, and relates to a method for detecting the working precision of a gear machine tool.
Background
And (3) finishing assembly of the gear machine tool, and after the geometric precision of the machine tool is qualified and the action of the machine tool is debugged correctly, checking the working precision of the machine tool in the next step. At present, the "actual precision cutting test method" is generally adopted, namely: the method comprises the steps of actually processing a trial cut workpiece, a trial cut tool and trial cut parameters on a machine tool according to the specified trial cut workpiece, trial cut tool and trial cut parameters, and then checking the accuracy of the processed workpiece (gear) on a gear measuring center or other special instruments. And when the gear precision is unqualified, analyzing according to the result, adjusting the machine tool, and then trial cutting again until the gear precision is qualified. The method is safe and reliable, but has a plurality of disadvantages: one is long cycle length. The processing itself takes time, and most of the cases need to be adjusted for many times according to trial cutting results; secondly, the waste is large. Not only the loss of the cutter exists, but also a large number of disposable trial-cut workpieces are needed; thirdly, the environment is not protected. Cutting oil is used in trial cutting, and some smoke is inevitably generated; fourthly, the mass production is difficult to satisfy. Each machine tool needs to perform actual precision trial cutting processing, the period is long, and the output progress is seriously influenced; fifthly, comprehensive treatment is difficult. For some special gears, such as small gears with module less than 0.2mm, internal gears with aperture less than 10mm, etc., this "actual precision test method" cannot be implemented because the precision measurement cannot be performed on the detecting instrument.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for inspecting the working accuracy of a gear machine tool, which can meet the requirements of mass production and the inspection of the working accuracy of small-module gears and various non-standard gear machine tools, does not need actual trial cutting, does not generate cutting oil or smoke, is environment-friendly, does not have the loss of a cutter, and is quick and low in inspection cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for checking the working accuracy of a gear machine tool comprises the following steps:
s1, detecting the precision of the transmission chain, and acquiring transmission data of the transmission chain;
s2, fitting a transmission chain error curve;
s3, designing a cutter and a workpiece graph;
s4, setting a simulated generating step angle;
s5, acquiring the actual position of the current generating point;
s6, simulating generation;
s7, circularly generating;
s8, comparative test.
In the step S1, the precision of the cutter transmission chain and the precision of the workpiece transmission chain are respectively detected; during precision detection, fixing a start bit and marking the start bit as 0; recording whole-course data, and taking 360 degrees as a period; the tool drive error curve is recorded as: Δ α ═ f1(α), wherein f1Is a tool curve function, and alpha is a tool curve variable; the workpiece drive error curve is recorded as: Δ β ═ f2(β) wherein f2Is a function of the workpiece curve, and beta is a variable of the workpiece curve.
In S2, an error curve closest to the actual condition is fitted to the recorded drive chain data.
In the step S3, respectively designing a cutter and a workpiece graph in an AutoCAD environment; and placing the positions of the tool and the workpiece graph at the starting position.
In S4, the angle of the workpiece rotation between each two generations, i.e., the simulated generation step angle δ α, is calculated according to the machining circular feed amount and the number of tool strokes.
In S5, completing the generation of one circle of workpiece according to the transmission ratio and the cutterThe value range of the transmission error curve of the tool is calculated by the angle to be turned, and the calculation formula is
Wherein, the rotation of the workpiece is a circle alpha which is 360 degrees, and the transmission ratio is
Should be rotated through an angle β; value of spread point, betat′＝βt+f2(βt) Wherein the current generating point theoretical value of the workpiece is alphatTheoretical value of tool generating point betat，
Actual generating position alpha of cuttert′＝αt+f1(αt) Actual generating position of workpiece betat′。
In S6, when the actual value α of the current generation position is obtainedt' and betat' thereafter, in AuotCAD environment, the workpiece and the tool in step 3 are respectively rotated to alpha by the designed programt' and betat' put, the generated shape at this moment is obtained using a graphical boolean operation.
In said S7, until the workpiece rotates by the angle alphatThe growth is finished at more than or equal to 360 degrees; will be alphatIncreasing a step angle delta alpha and repeating the 5 th step and the 6 th step.
And S8, comparing the generated workpiece tooth profile with the theoretical tooth profile to obtain the precision grade of the simulated gear, if the workpiece tooth profile is unqualified, adjusting to improve the precision of the transmission chain, and simulating again until the precision of the simulated workpiece is qualified.
A method for testing the working accuracy of gear machine tool features that the data about the drive chain test in the debugging stage of machine tool is used to continuously generate the simulated real machining state of tool and workpiece by program control in AutoCAD environment, and the generated tooth profile is compared with the theoretically correct tooth profile to obtain the accuracy grade of gear. The invention can be applied to a gear machine tool processed by a generating method, is used as a method for testing the working precision of the machine tool, overcomes the problems of long period, large waste, environmental protection, difficulty in meeting the requirement of mass production and the like when the original actual precision cutting test method is used for testing, can also be used as a method for testing the working precision when a small-module gear and various non-standard gears are processed by the gear machine tool, and has the characteristics of needing actual processing trial cutting, generating no cutting oil, generating no smoke, protecting the environment, having no loss of a cutter, being fast to test and having low cost.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph of the error of the cutter drive chain of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the error of the workpiece drive chain of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the linkage of the tool and the workpiece according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the present invention development starting processing position.
Fig. 5 is a view of the present invention in an intermediate processing position.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the transmission error of the 1# machine tool of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the transmission error of the No. 1 machine workpiece of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the error of the transmission of the 2# cutting tool according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a graph of the transmission error of the No. 2 machine workpiece of the present invention.
In the figure: a workpiece 1 and a tool 2.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 10, a method for checking the working accuracy of a gear machine, comprising the steps of:
s1, detecting the precision of the transmission chain, and acquiring transmission data of the transmission chain;
s2, fitting a transmission chain error curve;
s3, designing a cutter and a workpiece graph;
s4, setting a simulated generating step angle;
s5, acquiring the actual position of the current generating point;
s6, simulating generation;
s7, circularly generating;
s8, comparative test.
For the gear machine tool processed by the generating method, the influence of the precision of the cutter is a fixed factor, the analysis and the judgment are easy, after the assembly and the debugging of the machine tool are completed, the geometric precision and the rigidity of the machine tool are basically set, and the working precision of the gear machine tool mainly depends on the transmission precision of the two rotating shafts. Taking the gear shaping machine with the most representative transmission chain as an example, the indexing transmission chain of the gear shaping machine is used for tool indexing and workpiece indexing, high-frequency error factors which are not influenced much are removed, and the initial phase is set to be 0, so that the error curves of the tool transmission chain and the workpiece indexing chain can be approximately expressed as follows:
tool drive chain error curve: Δ β ═ B sin β (graph in FIG. 1)
Workpiece drive chain error curve: Δ α ═ A sin α (graph in FIG. 2)
Wherein Δ β: absolute error of cutter rotation; b: absolute error amplitude of tool rotation;
Δ α: absolute error of workpiece rotation; a: and the absolute error amplitude of the workpiece rotation.
When number of teeth z of the tool1And number of workpiece teeth z2After determination, the two dividing chains are in transmission ratio during machining
In order to start the linkage of the coefficients, ideally, i.e. without transmission errors, the linkage curve of the tool and the workpiece is a straight line, as shown in the graph of fig. 3. The processed workpiece is generated according to the linear linkage relation, the tooth profile of the workpiece is the theoretically correct tooth profile, and the errors of all gear precision inspection items are 0.
Actual transmission errors cannot be avoided, a linkage curve of the tool and the workpiece is an irregular curve, as shown in a graph in fig. 3, and the graph is changed along with different transmission ratios i, so that the situation is complex.
When the graph is developed, fig. 4 shows the situation at the start of machining, the real-time positions of the tool 2 and the workpiece 1 are shifted from the theoretical correct positions,starting points are A and B, respectively, FIG. 5 shows a situation after a period of time from the beginning of the development, in theory, the tool 2 should be rotated to B, the workpiece 1 should be rotated to A, and the corresponding rotation angles are beta, respectivelytAnd alphatAnd, and:
due to the existence of transmission error, the actual position of B is B ', the actual position of A is A', and the corresponding rotation angles are beta respectivelyt' and alphat' the cutter 2 and the workpiece 1 deviate from the theoretical correct position, the tooth profile is generated in the position, and after one circle of continuous generation, the gear machining is finished.
In the generating process, because each position has deviation, gear precision error is generated, but the deviation is large enough and cannot or is difficult to be obtained through theoretical calculation, the cutter and the workpiece are required to be continuously generated by simulating real machining conditions through programming control under the AutoCAD environment, and the generated tooth profile and the theoretically correct tooth profile are compared, so that the precision grade of the gear can be easily obtained, because all transmission data are truly from a machine tool, the machining parameters are completely the same as those of actual machining, and the working precision of the machine tool is objectively reflected.
In a preferred embodiment, in S1, the precision of the tool transmission chain and the precision of the workpiece transmission chain are detected respectively; during precision detection, fixing a start bit and marking the start bit as 0; recording whole-course data, and taking 360 degrees as a period; the tool drive error curve is recorded as: Δ α ═ f1(α), wherein f1Is a tool curve function, and alpha is a tool curve variable; the workpiece drive error curve is recorded as: Δ β ═ f2(β) wherein f2Is a function of the workpiece curve, and beta is a variable of the workpiece curve.
In a preferred embodiment, in S2, an error curve closest to the actual condition is fitted to the recorded drive chain transmission data.
In a preferred scheme, in S3, in an AutoCAD environment, a tool and a workpiece graph are respectively designed; and placing the positions of the tool and the workpiece graph at the starting position.
Preferably, the tooth profile of the cutter is strictly drawn according to a theoretical tooth profile, and the workpiece graph only needs to be drawn according to an outline drawing.
In a preferred embodiment, in S4, the angle that the workpiece rotates between every two generating cycles, i.e., the simulated generating step angle δ α, is calculated according to the machining circular feeding amount and the number of tool strokes.
In the preferred embodiment, in S5, the tool rotation is completed, and the value range of the tool transmission error curve is calculated according to the transmission ratio and the angle that the tool should rotate, where the calculation formula is
Wherein, the rotation of the workpiece is a circle alpha which is 360 degrees, and the transmission ratio is
Should be rotated through an angle β; value of spread point, betat′＝βt+f2(βt) Wherein the current generating point theoretical value of the workpiece is alphatTheoretical value of tool generating point betat，
Actual generating position alpha of cuttert′＝αt+f1(αt) Actual generating position of workpiece betat′。
Preferably, when i is greater than 1, the rotation angle of the cutter is greater than 360 degrees, exceeds the value range of the transmission error curve of the cutter, and needs to be converted so that the rotation angle of the cutter is correspondingly between 0 and 360 degrees.
In a preferred embodiment, in S6, when the actual value α of the current generating position is obtainedt' and betat' thereafter, in AuotCAD environment, the workpiece and the tool in step 3 are respectively rotated to alpha by the designed programt' and betat' position, using a graphical boolean operation, the generated shape at the moment is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment, in S7, the rotation angle α of the workpiece is up totThe growth is finished at more than or equal to 360 degrees; will be alphatIncreasing a step angle delta alpha and repeating the 5 th step and the 6 th step.
In a preferable scheme, in the step S8, the generated workpiece tooth profile is compared with a theoretical tooth profile to obtain a precision grade of the simulated gear, if the workpiece tooth profile is not qualified, the precision of the transmission chain needs to be adjusted to improve, and then the simulation is performed again until the precision of the simulated workpiece is qualified.
Example (b):
the procedure and effect of the method will be described by taking the gear shaping process with model YKG5112 produced in the same batch as an example.
Two of them are randomly extracted, and the numbers are respectively marked as 1# and 2 #. When the actual fine cutting test method is used, the parameters of the adopted cutter and the workpiece are as follows:
a slotting cutter: number of teeth z119, modulus m n2, the pressure angle alpha is 20 degrees A;
workpiece: number of teeth z227, width b 40
The implementation steps are as follows:
1. detecting the precision of the transmission chain and acquiring the transmission data of the transmission chain
Respectively detecting a cutter and a workpiece transmission chain of a No. 1 machine and a No. 2 machine, fixing a start position, marking the start position as 0, recording whole-process data, and taking 360 degrees as a period;
2. fitting a drive chain error curve
Respectively fitting an error curve which is closest to the actual condition according to the recorded transmission data of the transmission chain, wherein the transmission error curve of the 1# machine tool is shown in figure 7, and the transmission error curve of the workpiece is shown in figure 8; the curve of the transmission error of the No. 2 machine tool is shown in figure 9, and the curve of the transmission error of the workpiece is shown in figure 10;
3. designing tool and workpiece figures
And respectively designing a cutter and a workpiece graph under an AutoCAD environment. Simultaneously, the tool and workpiece pattern positions are placed at the start positions, as shown in fig. 5;
4. setting a simulated generating step angle
Calculating the angle of the workpiece rotating between every two generations according to the feeding amount of the processing circumference of 0.20mm/str and the stroke number of the cutter of 300str/min, namely, the simulated generation step angle delta alpha is 0.424413 degrees;
5. obtaining the actual position of the current generating point
Let the current generating point of the workpiece be the 2 nd point (the first generating is at 0 deg. position) of the starting point, i.e. the position with the theoretical value of 0.424413 deg., and the theoretical value beta of the generating point of the tooltIs provided with
For the No. 1 machine: from the step 2, the theoretical position 0.424413 ° of the workpiece corresponds to the actual generating position 0.424829 ° (error is about 1.5 "); the theoretical position 0.603095 degrees of the cutter corresponds to the actual generating position 0.603651 degrees (the error is about 2 ");
for the No. 2 machine: from the step 2, the theoretical position 0.424413 ° of the workpiece corresponds to the actual generating position 0.424969 ° (error is about 2 "); the theoretical position 0.603095 degrees of the cutter corresponds to the actual generating position 0.603929 degrees (the error is about 3 ");
6. simulation generation
After acquiring the actual values 0.424829 degrees and 0.603651 degrees of the current generating position of the No. 1 machine and the actual values 0.424969 degrees and 0.603929 degrees of the current generating position of the No. 2 machine, automatically rotating the workpiece and the cutter of the No. 1 machine in the step 3 to positions of 0.424829 degrees and 0.603651 degrees respectively through a designed program in an AuotCAD environment; the workpiece and the cutter of the 2# machine are respectively rotated to 0.424969 degrees and 0.603929 degrees, and then, by utilizing Boolean operation, the generated shape at the moment is obtained;
7. circularly generating until the rotating angle of the workpiece is more than or equal to 360 degrees, and finishing generating alphatBy adding a step angle delta alpha 0.424413 deg., i.e. alphatWhen the angle is 0.848826 degrees, repeating the steps 5 and 6;
8. comparing the generated workpiece tooth profile with the theoretical tooth profile, the result is as follows:
1# machine:
deviation of individual pitch + -fpt: left flank 0.007; right flank 0.005
Cumulative total tooth pitch deviation FP: left flank 0.027; right tooth surface 0.024
Total deviation of tooth profile Fa: left flank 0.006; right flank 0.004
2# machine:
deviation of individual pitch + -fpt: left flank 0.014; right flank 0.008
Cumulative total tooth pitch deviation FP: left flank 0.029; right flank 0.026
Total deviation of tooth profile Fa: left flank 0.009; right flank 0.006
The 1# machine was found to achieve 7 levels of accuracy, and the 2# machine was found to be out of tolerance, at around 7.5 levels. The working precision of the No. 1 machine is qualified, the working precision of the No. 2 machine is unqualified, and the adjustment is needed, so that the precision of the transmission chain is improved.
In order to verify whether the simulation precision is consistent with the trial cutting precision, the workpiece is trial cut on a 1# machine and a 2# machine respectively according to the same parameters, and the test results are as follows:
1# machine:
deviation of individual pitch + -fpt: left flank 0.009; right flank 0.006
Cumulative total tooth pitch deviation FP: left flank 0.028; right flank 0.026
Total deviation of tooth profile Fa: left flank 0.009; right flank 0.006
2# machine:
deviation of individual pitch + -fpt: left flank 0.016; right flank 0.010
Cumulative total tooth pitch deviation FP: the left tooth surface is 0.030; right flank surface 0.028
Total deviation of tooth profile Fa: left flank 0.010; right flank 0.008
The result is basically the same as the simulation result, the 1# machine achieves 7-level precision, and the 2# machine still exceeds the tolerance and approaches 8-level.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and features in the embodiments and examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for checking the working accuracy of a gear machine tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, detecting the precision of the transmission chain, and acquiring transmission data of the transmission chain;
s2, fitting a transmission chain error curve; fitting an actual transmission error curve of the machine tool;
s3, designing a cutter and a workpiece graph; designing a cutter and a workpiece graph in an AutoCAD environment;
s4, setting a simulated generating step angle;
s5, acquiring the actual position of the current generating point; value of generating point, actual generating position of workpiece betat′＝βt+f2(βt) Wherein the current generating point theoretical value of the workpiece is alphatTheoretical value of tool generating point betatThe actual generating position alpha of the toolt′＝αt+f1(αt) Wherein f is1As a function of the tool curve, f2Is a workpiece curve function;
s6, simulating generation;
s7, circularly generating;
s8, comparison and inspection; and comparing the generated workpiece tooth profile with the theoretical tooth profile to obtain the precision grade of the simulated gear.
2. A method of verifying the working accuracy of a gear machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the precision of the cutter transmission chain and the precision of the workpiece transmission chain are respectively detected; during precision detection, fixing a start bit and marking the start bit as 0; recording whole-course data, and taking 360 degrees as a period; the tool drive error curve is recorded as: Δ α ═ f1(alpha), alpha is a tool curve variable; the workpiece drive error curve is recorded as: Δ β ═ f2(β), wherein β is a workpiece curve variable.
3. A method of verifying the working accuracy of a gear machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in S2, an error curve closest to the actual condition is fitted to the recorded drive chain data.
4. A method of verifying the working accuracy of a gear machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, respectively designing a cutter and a workpiece graph in an AutoCAD environment; and placing the positions of the tool and the workpiece graph at the starting position.
5. A method of verifying the working accuracy of a gear machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in S4, the angle of the workpiece rotation between each two generations, i.e., the simulated generation step angle δ α, is calculated according to the machining circular feed amount and the number of tool strokes.
6. A method of verifying the working accuracy of a gear machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and S5, completing the generation of the workpiece after one rotation, and calculating the value range of the transmission error curve of the cutter according to the transmission ratio and the angle of the cutter to be rotated, wherein the calculation formula is
Wherein, the rotation of the workpiece is a circle alpha which is 360 degrees, and the transmission ratio is
Should be rotated through an angle beta.
7. A method of verifying the working accuracy of a gear machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in S6, when the actual value α of the current generation position is obtainedt' and betat' thereafter, in AuotCAD environment, the workpiece and the tool in step 3 are respectively rotated to alpha by the designed programt' and betat' position, using a graphical boolean operation, the generated shape at the moment is obtained.
8. A method of verifying the working accuracy of a gear machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in said S7, until the workpiece rotates by the angle alphatThe growth is finished at more than or equal to 360 degrees; will be alphatIncreasing a step angle delta alpha and repeating the 5 th step and the 6 th step.
9. A method of verifying the working accuracy of a gear machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and S8, comparing the generated workpiece tooth profile with the theoretical tooth profile to obtain the precision grade of the simulated gear, if the workpiece tooth profile is unqualified, adjusting to improve the precision of the transmission chain, and simulating again until the precision of the simulated workpiece is qualified.
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