CN110045685A - The method for examining gear machine operating accuracy - Google Patents
The method for examining gear machine operating accuracy Download PDFInfo
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- CN110045685A CN110045685A CN201910325423.3A CN201910325423A CN110045685A CN 110045685 A CN110045685 A CN 110045685A CN 201910325423 A CN201910325423 A CN 201910325423A CN 110045685 A CN110045685 A CN 110045685A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
- G05B19/4065—Monitoring tool breakage, life or condition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37616—Use same monitoring tools to monitor tool and workpiece
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
A method of examining gear machine operating accuracy, utilize the transmission chain inspection data in lathe debugging stage, under AutoCAD environment, pass through programming Control, cutter and workpiece are simulated true machining status continuously to transform into, the flank profil transformed into and theoretical correct flank profil are compared, the accuracy class of gear is obtained, objectively reflects the operating accuracy of lathe.Present invention can apply on the gear machine using generating processing, the method of inspection as lathe operating accuracy, overcome the problems, such as that period when original practical fine cut test method(s) inspection is long, it is big, not environmentally friendly enough to waste, be difficult to meet mass production, it is alternatively arranged as operating accuracy method of inspection when gear machine processing fine module gear and various nonstandard gears, with the actual processing trial cut of need, it is generated without cutting oil, smog will not be generated, environmental protection, there is no the losses of cutter, examine quick, inexpensive feature.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gear machine precision measures and precision measurement and detection technical field, are related to a kind of inspection gear machine
The method of operating accuracy.
Background technique
Gear machine completes assembly, is exactly in next step lathe after geometric precision of machine tool is qualified, machine tool action debugging is correct
The inspection of operating accuracy.Currently, what is generallyd use is " practical fine cut test method(s) ", it may be assumed that on lathe by defined trial cut workpiece,
Then trial cut cutter and trial cut parameter actual processing examine workpieces processing (tooth on gear measuring center or other special instruments
Wheel) precision.It when the accuracy of gear is unqualified, to be analyzed according to result, lathe is adjusted, then trial cut again,
Until accuracy of gear qualification.It is this method safety, reliable, but there is also many drawbacks: first is that the period is long.Processing needs itself
The time is wanted, and most of situation is to need repeatedly to adjust according to trial cut result；Second is that waste is big.There is only the damages of cutter
Consumption, more important is need a large amount of disposable trial cut workpiece；Third is that not environmentally friendly enough.Trial cut processing can not be kept away using cutting oil
To generate some smog with exempting from；Fourth is that being difficult to meet mass production.Every lathe will carry out actual precision trial cut processing,
Period is long, seriously affects output progress；Fifth is that be difficult to cope with comprehensively.For some special gears, as modulus is small less than 0.2mm
Gear, aperture are less than the internal gear etc. of 10mm, because that can not carry out the measurement of precision, this " practical fine cut examination on detecting instrument
Test method " it will be unable to implement.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of methods for examining gear machine operating accuracy, can meet big
The operating accuracy of batch production and fine module gear and various nonstandard gear cutting machines is examined, and is tried without actual processing
It cuts, no cutting oil generates, and will not generate smog, and environmental protection, there is no the losses of cutter, examines quick low cost.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of inspection gear machine operating accuracy
Method, it includes the following steps:
S1, transmission chain accuracy detection obtain transmission chain conveyer data；
S2 is fitted transmission chain error curve；
S3 designs cutter and workpiece figure；
S4, setting simulation transform into step angle；
S5 obtains the physical location currently transformed into a little；
S6, simulation transform into；
S7, circulation transform into；
S8, comparison test.
In the S1, the precision of cutter transmission chain and workpiece transmission chain is detected respectively；When accuracy detection, fixed start bit is simultaneously
Labeled as 0；Whole data are recorded, with equal 360 ° for a period；Cutter driving error curve is denoted as: Δ α=f1(α), wherein f1For
Cutter curvilinear function, α are cutter curve variable；Workpiece driving error curve is denoted as: Δ β=f2(β), wherein f2For part profile
Function, β are part profile variable.
In the S2, according to the transmission chain conveyer data of record, it is bent that it is fitted an error closest to actual state respectively
Line.
In the S3, under AutoCAD environment, cutter and workpiece figure are separately designed；By cutter and workpiece graph position
It is placed in start bit.
In the S4, according to processing rotary feed, stroke of cutter number, the angle turned over per workpiece between transforming into twice is calculated
Degree, i.e. simulation transform into step angle δ α.
In the S5, workpiece, which circles, transforms into completion, should turn over angle according to transmission ratio and cutter, calculate cutter driving error
Take parameter on trendline range, its calculation formula isWherein, workpiece circles α=360 °, transmission ratio
Angle beta should be turned over；Transform into a value, βt'=βt+f2(βt), wherein it is α that workpiece, which currently transforms into a theoretical value,t, cutter transforms into a little
Theoretical value βt,Actually transform into a αt'=αt+f1(αt), actually transform into a βt‘。
In the S6, when acquisition currently transforms into the actual value α of positiont' and βt' after, under AuotCAD environment, pass through design
Program, by step 3 workpiece and cutter go to α respectivelyt' and βt' position is operated using figure Boolean calculation, is obtained this moment
Transform into shape.
In the S7, until workpiece corner αt>=360 °, transform into end；By αtIncrease a step angle δ α, repeats the 5th, the
6 steps.
In the S8, workpiece tooth form and theoretical tooth form after transforming into are compared, and the accuracy class of simulation gear are obtained, if not
Qualification needs to adjust and improves transmission chain precision, then simulates again, until simulation workpiece precision is qualified.
A method of gear machine operating accuracy is examined, the transmission chain inspection data in stage is debugged using lathe,
Under AutoCAD environment, by programming Control, cutter and workpiece are simulated into true machining status and continuously transformed into, compared and transform into
Flank profil and theoretical correct flank profil, obtain the accuracy class of gear, objectively reflect the operating accuracy of lathe.The present invention can answer
Former practical fine cut test is overcome as the method for inspection of lathe operating accuracy for the gear machine using generating processing
Period when method is examined is long, waste is big, not enough environmental protection, be difficult to meet the problems such as needs of mass production, be alternatively arranged as gear
Operating accuracy method of inspection when machine tooling fine module gear and various nonstandard gears, having needs actual processing trial cut,
It is generated without cutting oil, smog will not be generated, environmental protection, there is no the losses of cutter, examine quick, inexpensive feature.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples:
Fig. 1 is cutter transmission chain error curve graph of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is workpiece transmission chain error curve graph of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is cutter of the present invention and workpiece linkage curve graph.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention transforms into beginning Working position figure.
Fig. 5 is that the present invention transforms into intermediate Working position figure.
Fig. 6 is flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is 1# rounding machine cutter driving error curve graph of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is 1# machine workpiece driving error curve graph of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is 2# rounding machine cutter driving error curve graph of the present invention.
Figure 10 is 2# machine workpiece driving error curve graph of the present invention.
In figure: workpiece 1, cutter 2.
Specific embodiment
In Fig. 1~Figure 10, a method of gear machine operating accuracy being examined, it includes the following steps:
S1, transmission chain accuracy detection obtain transmission chain conveyer data；
S2 is fitted transmission chain error curve；
S3 designs cutter and workpiece figure；
S4, setting simulation transform into step angle；
S5 obtains the physical location currently transformed into a little；
S6, simulation transform into；
S7, circulation transform into；
S8, comparison test.
For the gear machine processed with generating, the influence of tool precision is a fixed factor, be easier analysis and
Judgement, after lathe completes assembling and setting, geometric precision of machine tool and the basic setting of rigidity, gear machine operating accuracy mainly depend on
In the height of two rotating shaft transmission accuracies.By taking the most representative gear shapping machine of transmission chain as an example, gear shapping machine indexing drive chain is knife
Tool indexing and workpiece indexing, removing influences little high frequency error factor, and initial phase is set as 0, then cutter transmission chain and
Workpiece indexes chain error curve can be with approximate expression are as follows:
Cutter transmission chain error curve: Δ β=Bsin β (curve graph as shown in figure 1)
Workpiece transmission chain error curve: Δ α=Asin α (curve graph in such as Fig. 2)
Δ β in formula: cutter rotates absolute error；B: cutter rotates absolute error amplitude；
Δ α: workpiece rotates absolute error；A: workpiece rotates absolute error amplitude.
As cutter number of teeth z1With workpiece number of teeth z2After determination, two indexing chains are just with transmission ratio when processingStart for coefficient
Linkage, ideally, i.e., there is no in the case where driving error, cutter and workpiece linkage curve are a straight line, such as song in Fig. 3
Line chart.The workpiece processed is transformed by this straight line interaction relation, flank profil is theoretical correct flank profil, all accuracy of gear inspections
Testing an error is all 0.
Actual transmission error is inevitable, and cutter and workpiece linkage curve are an irregular curves, such as curve in Fig. 3
Shown in figure, and with the difference of transmission ratio i, curve graph also occurs that variation, and situation is complex.
When transforming by curve graph, Fig. 4 is situation when starting processing, and the real time position and theory of cutter 2 and workpiece 1 are correct
Position shifts, and starting point is respectively A and B, and Fig. 5 is the situation transformed into after starting a period of time, and theory is fixed a cutting tool and 2 should be gone to
B, workpiece 1 should go to A, and corresponding corner is respectively βtAnd αt, and:
Due to the presence of driving error, B physical location is respectively β in A ', corresponding corner in B ', A physical locationt' and
αt', cutter 2 and workpiece 1 deviate from theoretical correct position, transform into this position, and flank profil can deviate, and continuously transform into one week
Afterwards, Gear Processing is completed.
During transforming into, because each position all has deviation, thus accuracy of gear error is generated, but deviation have on earth it is more
Greatly, it can not or be difficult to obtain by theoretical calculation, need under AutoCAD environment, by programming Control, by cutter and workpiece mould
Intend true machining status continuously to transform into, compares the flank profil transformed into and theoretical correct flank profil, can easily obtain gear
Accuracy class because all transmission data truly come from lathe, machined parameters are also identical with actual processing, thus objective
Reflect the operating accuracy of lathe with seeing.
In preferred scheme, in the S1, the precision of cutter transmission chain and workpiece transmission chain is detected respectively；Accuracy detection
When, fixed start bit is simultaneously labeled as 0；Whole data are recorded, with equal 360 ° for a period；Cutter driving error curve is denoted as: Δ α
=f1(α), wherein f1For cutter curvilinear function, α is cutter curve variable；Workpiece driving error curve is denoted as: Δ β=f2(β),
Wherein, f2For part profile function, β is part profile variable.
In preferred scheme, in the S2, according to the transmission chain conveyer data of record, it is fitted one respectively closest to reality
The error curve of situation.
In preferred scheme, in the S3, under AutoCAD environment, cutter and workpiece figure are separately designed；By cutter and
Workpiece graph position is placed in start bit.
Preferably, tool-tooth profile will strictly be drawn by theoretical tooth form, and workpiece figure only draws outline drawing.
In preferred scheme, in the S4, according to processing rotary feed, stroke of cutter number, calculating is every to transform into it twice
Between the angle that turns over of workpiece, i.e. simulation transforms into step angle δ α.
In preferred scheme, in the S5, workpiece, which circles, transforms into completion, should turn over angle according to transmission ratio and cutter, counts
Cutter driving error is calculated to take parameter on trendline range, its calculation formula isWherein, workpiece circle α=
360 °, transmission ratioAngle beta should be turned over；Transform into a value, βt'=βt+f2(βt), wherein workpiece currently transforms into a theory
Value is αt, cutter transforms into a theoretical value βt,Actually transform into a αt'=αt+f1(αt), actually transform into a βt‘。
Preferably, as i > 1, cutter corner is greater than 360 °, takes parameter on trendline range more than cutter driving error, need by
Transformation corresponds to it between 0-360 °.
In preferred scheme, in the S6, when acquisition currently transforms into the actual value α of positiont' and βt' after, in AuotCAD environment
Under, by the program of design, by step 3 workpiece and cutter go to α respectivelyt' and βt' position is grasped using figure Boolean calculation
Make, obtain this moment transform into shape.
In preferred scheme, in the S7, until workpiece corner αt>=360 °, transform into end；By αtIncrease a step angle
δ α repeats the 5th, step 6.
In preferred scheme, in the S8, workpiece tooth form and theoretical tooth form after transforming into are compared, and obtain simulation gear
Accuracy class needs to adjust and improves transmission chain precision, then simulate again, until simulation workpiece precision qualification is if unqualified
Only.
Embodiment:
By taking the model YKG5112 Gear Shaping that same batch produces as an example, illustrate the step of using this method and effect.
Two therein are randomly selected, number is denoted as 1# and 2# respectively.When using " practical fine cut test method(s) ", the knife of use
Tool, workpiece parameter are as follows:
Pinion cutter: number of teeth z1=19, modulus mn=2, A grades of pressure angle α=20 °；
Workpiece: number of teeth z2=27, facewidth b=40
Implementation steps:
1, transmission chain accuracy detection obtains transmission chain conveyer data
The cutter to 1# machine and 2# machine and workpiece transmission chain detect respectively, and fixed start bit is simultaneously labeled as 0, and record is complete
Number of passes evidence, with 360 ° for a period；
2, it is fitted transmission chain error curve
According to the transmission chain conveyer data of record, it is fitted an error curve closest to actual state, 1# machine knife respectively
Have driving error curve such as Fig. 7, workpiece driving error curve such as Fig. 8；2# rounding machine cutter driving error curve such as Fig. 9, workpiece transmission
Error curve such as Figure 10；
3, cutter and workpiece figure are designed
Under AutoCAD environment, cutter and workpiece figure are separately designed.Meanwhile cutter and workpiece graph position being placed in
Start bit, such as Fig. 5；
4, setting simulation transforms into step angle
According to processing rotary feed 0.20mm/str, stroke of cutter number 300str/min, calculate per between transforming into twice
The angle that workpiece turns over, i.e. simulation transform into α=0.424413 ° step angle δ；
5, the physical location currently transformed into a little is obtained
If workpiece currently transforms into a little for the 2nd point (first transforms into 0 ° of position) of starting, i.e. theoretical value is 0.424413 ° of position
It sets, cutter transforms into a theoretical value βt, have
To 1# machine: by step 2 it is found that 0.424413 ° of workpiece theory position is corresponding actually to transform into 0.424829 ° of position (error
About 1.5 ")；0.603095 ° of cutter theory position is corresponding actually to transform into 0.603651 ° of position (error is about 2 ")；
To 2# machine: by step 2 it is found that 0.424413 ° of workpiece theory position is corresponding actually to transform into 0.424969 ° of position (error
About 2 ")；0.603095 ° of cutter theory position is corresponding actually to transform into 0.603929 ° of position (error is about 3 ")；
6, simulation transforms into
When acquisition 1# machine currently transforms into 0.424829 ° and 0.603651 ° of actual value of position, 2# machine currently transforms into the reality of position
After 0.424969 ° and 0.603929 ° of value, under AuotCAD environment, by the program of design, automatically by the work of 1# machine in step 3
Part and cutter go to 0.424829 ° and 0.603651 ° of position respectively；The workpiece and cutter of 2# machine go to respectively 0.424969 ° and
0.603929 ° of position, then, using boolean operation, obtain this moment transform into shape；
7, circulation transforms into, and until workpiece corner >=360 °, end is transformed into, by αtIncrease a step angle δ α=
0.424413 °, i.e. αt=0.848826 °, repeat the 5th, step 6；
8, workpiece tooth form and theoretical tooth form after transforming into compare, as a result as follows:
1# machine:
Individual circular pitch error ± fpt: the left flank of tooth 0.007；The right flank of tooth 0.005
Tooth pitch adds up total deviation FP: the left flank of tooth 0.027；The right flank of tooth 0.024
Tooth profile total deviation Fa: the left flank of tooth 0.006；The right flank of tooth 0.004
2# machine:
Individual circular pitch error ± fpt: the left flank of tooth 0.014；The right flank of tooth 0.008
Tooth pitch adds up total deviation FP: the left flank of tooth 0.029；The right flank of tooth 0.026
Tooth profile total deviation Fa: the left flank of tooth 0.009；The right flank of tooth 0.006
It was found that 1# machine reaches 7 class precisions, 2# grades overproof, at 7.5 grades or so.1# machine operating accuracy is qualified, 2# machine work essence
It spends unqualified, needs to adjust, improve transmission chain precision.
Whether it is consistent for verifying simulation precision with trial cut precision, respectively on 1# and 2# machine with identical parameters trial cut workpiece,
Inspection result is as follows:
1# machine:
Individual circular pitch error ± fpt: the left flank of tooth 0.009；The right flank of tooth 0.006
Tooth pitch adds up total deviation FP: the left flank of tooth 0.028；The right flank of tooth 0.026
Tooth profile total deviation Fa: the left flank of tooth 0.009；The right flank of tooth 0.006
2# machine:
Individual circular pitch error ± fpt: the left flank of tooth 0.016；The right flank of tooth 0.010
Tooth pitch adds up total deviation FP: the left flank of tooth 0.030；The right flank of tooth 0.028
Tooth profile total deviation Fa: the left flank of tooth 0.010；The right flank of tooth 0.008
As a result essentially identical with analog result, 1# reaches 7 class precisions, and 2# machine is still overproof, close to 8 grades.
The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solution of the present invention, and are not construed as limitation of the invention, this Shen
Please in embodiment and embodiment in feature in the absence of conflict, can mutual any combination.Protection model of the invention
The technical solution that should be recorded with claim is enclosed, the equivalent replacement side of technical characteristic in the technical solution recorded including claim
Case is protection scope.Equivalent replacement i.e. within this range is improved, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for examining gear machine operating accuracy, characterized in that it includes the following steps:
S1, transmission chain accuracy detection obtain transmission chain conveyer data；
S2 is fitted transmission chain error curve；
S3 designs cutter and workpiece figure；
S4, setting simulation transform into step angle；
S5 obtains the physical location currently transformed into a little；
S6, simulation transform into；
S7, circulation transform into；
S8, comparison test.
2. the method according to claim 1 for examining gear machine operating accuracy, it is characterized in that: being examined respectively in the S1
Survey the precision of cutter transmission chain and workpiece transmission chain；When accuracy detection, fixed start bit is simultaneously labeled as 0；Whole data are recorded, with
Equal 360 ° are a period；Cutter driving error curve is denoted as: Δ α=f1(α), wherein f1For cutter curvilinear function, α is that cutter is bent
Line variable；Workpiece driving error curve is denoted as: Δ β=f2(β), wherein f2For part profile function, β is part profile variable.
3. the method according to claim 1 for examining gear machine operating accuracy, it is characterized in that: in the S2, according to note
The transmission chain conveyer data of record are fitted an error curve closest to actual state respectively.
4. the method according to claim 1 for examining gear machine operating accuracy, it is characterized in that: in the S3,
Under AutoCAD environment, cutter and workpiece figure are separately designed；Cutter and workpiece graph position are placed in start bit.
5. the method according to claim 1 for examining gear machine operating accuracy, it is characterized in that: foundation adds in the S4
Work rotary feed, stroke of cutter number calculate the angle turned over per workpiece between transforming into twice, i.e. simulation transforms into step angle δ α.
6. the method according to claim 1 for examining gear machine operating accuracy, it is characterized in that: workpiece turns in the S5
It transforms into completion within one week, angle should be turned over according to transmission ratio and cutter, calculate cutter driving error and take parameter on trendline range, calculation formula
ForWherein, workpiece circles α=360 °, transmission ratioAngle beta should be turned over；A value is transformed into,
βt'=βt+f2(βt), wherein it is α that workpiece, which currently transforms into a theoretical value,t, cutter transforms into a theoretical value βt,It is real
Border transforms into a αt'=αt+f1(αt), actually transform into a βt‘。
7. the method according to claim 1 for examining gear machine operating accuracy, it is characterized in that: working as acquisition in the S6
Currently transform into the actual value α of positiont' and βt' after, under AuotCAD environment, by the program of design, by step 3 workpiece and
Cutter goes to α respectivelyt' and βt' position, using figure Boolean calculation operate, obtain this moment transform into shape.
8. the method according to claim 1 for examining gear machine operating accuracy, it is characterized in that: in the S7, Zhi Daogong
Part corner αt>=360 °, transform into end；By αtIncrease a step angle δ α, repeats the 5th, step 6.
9. the method according to claim 1 for examining gear machine operating accuracy, it is characterized in that: will be transformed into the S8
Workpiece tooth form and theoretical tooth form afterwards compares, and the accuracy class for obtaining simulation gear needs to adjust raising transmission chain if unqualified
Then precision is simulated again, until simulation workpiece precision is qualified.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113819874A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-12-21 | 宜昌长机科技有限责任公司 | Method for testing machining precision of speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth sector |
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| CN110045685B (en) | 2021-05-14 |
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