CN113819874B - Method for checking speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth sector machining precision - Google Patents
Method for checking speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth sector machining precision Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/021—Gearings
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a method for checking the machining precision of a speed ratio and a speed ratio crowned tooth sector, which solve the problem that the existing speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth machining precision cannot be directly checked for tooth profile deviation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear machining, and particularly relates to a method for checking the machining precision of a gear ratio and a gear ratio crowned tooth rocker shaft sector for an automobile steering gear.
Background
In order to improve steering performance such as steering stability and steering portability, rocker shaft teeth are generally designed into tooth shapes such as a fixed speed ratio, a drum-shaped speed ratio and the like, and for heavy-duty automobiles, the rocker shaft teeth are mostly provided with speed ratio and drum-shaped speed ratio teeth. The method has the advantages that the influence on the performance of the automobile steering gear is key, the tooth profile error directly influences the operation performance of the automobile steering gear, the tooth profile of the rocker shaft tooth sector is not standard involute except for a fixed speed ratio straight tooth, no special detection instrument exists at present, the detection method and the judgment standard are different, the direct tooth profile detection is almost blank, and indirect measurement such as bar pitch detection or running-in performance detection is mainly adopted to judge the tooth profile accuracy of the rocker shaft tooth sector.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for checking the machining precision of a speed ratio and a speed ratio crowned tooth sector, which solves the problem that the existing speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth machining precision cannot be directly checked for tooth profile deviation.
In order to achieve the technical characteristics, the aim of the invention is realized in the following way: a method for verifying a speed ratio and speed ratio crowned tooth sector machining accuracy comprising the steps of:
drawing a tooth profile diagram of a comb tooth knife and an outline diagram of a machining section of a rocker shaft tooth sector;
step two, obtaining the feeding amount of a machining circumference and the position of the machining full tooth depth;
step three, solving the real-time position relationship between the cutter and the workpiece;
step four, simulating generation processing;
step five, detecting the actual machining tooth shape of the rocker shaft sector;
step six, comparing the theoretical tooth profile with the actual processed tooth profile, and solving the maximum tooth profile deviation;
and step seven, judging.
The specific operation of the first step is that the outline drawing of the rocker shaft sector, the tooth form drawing of the comb knife and the real tooth form drawing are drawn in the same drawing, and the initial position is placed according to the actual processing position and used as the initial position for processing simulation setting.
The specific operation of the second step is that according to the cutting parameters used in actual machining, the circumference feeding amount is obtained, the angle and the machining depth are generated, and a starting environment is set for machining simulation.
The third step is specifically performed by calculating the relation between the real-time position of the comb teeth cutter and the rocker shaft rotation angle during processing according to a speed ratio curve graph and a drum graph.
The specific operation of the fourth step is to simulate the machining process of the rocker shaft sector by using the initial environment set in the first to third steps.
The specific operation of the step five is that the actual machining tooth shape of the rocker shaft gear sector is detected, and the actual machining tooth shape is obtained.
And step six, the specific operation is that the theoretical tooth profile and the actual machining tooth profile are overlapped together, amplified and detected, the tooth profile deviation of the main characteristic points is measured, and the maximum deviation value and the position are found.
And step seven, the concrete operation is that whether the actual machined tooth profile is qualified or not is judged according to the tolerance value set by the technical requirement.
When the rocker shaft sector is processed, the patterns and the speed ratio graphs of the comb tooth knife and the rocker shaft sector are known, if the patterns and the speed ratio graphs are drum-shaped teeth, the theoretical tooth shape of the rocker shaft sector is unknown, the theoretical tooth shape of the rocker shaft sector is obtained by simulating actual processing under the known condition, the theoretical tooth shape obtained by the method is a vector diagram, and the theoretical tooth shape can be amplified infinitely and cannot be distorted according to the characteristic that the vector diagram is used as a tooth shape test standard to compare the tooth shape of the actual processing;
according to the speed ratio graph, the real-time position y of the comb knife and the rotation angle of the rocker shaft sector during processing are obtainedIs the relation of:
（1）
when (when)At->When the value reaches the negative half section 0, the y value is taken as negative, and the value is unchanged;
if the tooth is a crowned tooth, the real-time position x of the comb-tooth knife and the rotation angle of the rocker shaft sector during processing are obtained according to a crowned graphIs the relation of:
（2）
when (when)At->When the value reaches the 0 negative half section, the value of x is taken as negative, and the value is unchanged;
wherein in the formulas (1) and (2),i 1 : an intermediate transmission ratio of the transmission,i 2 : a transmission ratio on both sides;
α 1 ：i 2 a transmission start angle; alpha 2 ：i 2 Start toi 1 Changing the initial angle; alpha 3 ：i 2 Changing an end angle; alpha 4 ：i 1 Start toi 2 Changing the initial angle; alpha 5 ：i 1 Changing an end angle; alpha 6 ：i 2 End angle of transmission;
x 1 : at the end of the crowned teethxThe axis of the rotation is set to be at the same position,x 2 : when the crowned teeth are formedxAn axis coordinate;
α 7 : the crowned teeth form an initial angle; alpha 8 : the crowned teeth form an ending angle; alpha 9 : the crowned teeth maintain the end angle; alpha 10 : the crowned teeth form an ending angle;
and programming by utilizing the relation, simulating actual machining to obtain an ideal theoretical tooth profile of the rocker shaft tooth sector, measuring by utilizing three coordinates after machining to obtain a discrete point coordinate of the actual machining tooth profile, converting the discrete point coordinate into the actual machining tooth profile, and amplifying and comparing the theoretical tooth profile and the actual machining tooth profile to obtain tooth profile deviation according to the characteristic of infinite amplification and no distortion of a vector diagram.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention solves the problem that the existing gear ratio and gear ratio crowned tooth form machining precision cannot be directly subjected to tooth profile deviation inspection, and provides a method for obtaining vector diagrams of various linear and nonlinear gear ratios and theoretical digital tooth forms of the gear ratio crowned tooth as inspection standards of actual machining tooth forms so as to directly inspect the gear ratio and gear ratio crowned tooth forms.
2. According to the speed ratio curve graph and the drum graph, the relation between the real-time position of the comb teeth knife and the rotation angle of the rocker shaft during processing is obtained, the circumferential feeding amount, the generating angle and the full tooth depth position used in actual processing are utilized for simulation processing, a theoretical tooth profile graph is extracted as a tooth profile inspection standard, the theoretical tooth profile and the actual processing tooth profile are compared in an amplified mode, the maximum tooth profile deviation is obtained, and whether the actual processing tooth profile is qualified or not is judged according to the tolerance range set by technical requirements.
3. The invention extracts the theoretical tooth profile diagram of the rocker shaft sector, and compares the theoretical tooth profile diagram with the tooth profile formed by actual machining, so that the invention not only can judge whether the tooth profile is qualified, but also can analyze the occurrence part, the size and the change trend of tooth profile deviation, thereby providing a basis for reasonably adjusting cutting parameters and improving machining quality, and in addition, the comparison analysis result can also provide a judging basis for the machine tool conditions, such as transmission chain precision, cutter wear and the like.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 shows the conjugate tooth form of the rocker shaft sector.
FIG. 2 is a ratio curve of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a drum graph of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of an actual machined tooth profile.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of an initial position of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a simulated generating process diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a theoretical tooth pattern of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a comparative tooth form of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a comparative partial enlarged view of the tooth form of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 rocker shaft tooth sector, 2 analog theoretical tooth form, 3 broach sword, 5 actual processing tooth form, 6 theoretical tooth form.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-10, the gear ratio and gear ratio crowning tooth sector machining is completed by using a comb tooth cutter 3 to perform generating machining on a rocker shaft tooth sector blank, the design of the comb tooth cutter 3 is designed according to a transmission ratio curve, the tooth shape of the comb tooth cutter 3 is different from that of a standard rack comb tooth cutter, the comb tooth cutter 3 and the rocker shaft tooth sector move according to a specified transmission ratio curve during generating, the center distance between the comb tooth cutter 3 and the rocker shaft tooth sector during generating can also change for crowning teeth, and the tooth shape of the rocker shaft tooth sector is the conjugate tooth shape of the rocker shaft tooth sector and the comb tooth cutter under the given gear ratio condition, as shown in fig. 1. The conjugate tooth forms do not have common standards, and the tooth forms are different and cannot have uniform inspection standards like a standard involute cylindrical gear as long as any one of the sector modulus, the tooth number, the processing angle, the transmission ratio curve or the drum curve is changed. To directly verify the tooth form of the rocker shaft sector, this characteristic tooth form map must be obtained. Therefore, the first step in achieving direct measurement and evaluation of the gear ratio and gear ratio crowned tooth form machining accuracy is to obtain the ideal digitized tooth form, namely the theoretical tooth form 6, which is the standard of inspection, and the standard is used for inspection and evaluation.
When the rocker shaft sector 1 is processed, as shown in fig. 2, if the patterns and the speed ratio graphs of the comb tooth knife 3 and the rocker shaft sector 1 are drum-shaped teeth, the drum-shaped graphs are known as shown in fig. 3, the theoretical tooth form 6 of the rocker shaft sector 1 is unknown, the theoretical tooth form 6 of the rocker shaft sector is obtained by simulating actual processing under the known condition, and the theoretical tooth form 6 is compared with the tooth form of actual processing by taking the theoretical tooth form 6 as a tooth form test standard according to the characteristic that the vector diagram can be infinitely amplified without distortion;
according to the speed ratio graph, as shown in FIG. 2, the real-time position y of the comb-teeth knife and the rotation angle of the rocker shaft sector during processing are obtainedIs the relation of:
（1）
when (when)At->When the value reaches the negative half section 0, the y value is taken as negative, and the value is unchanged;
if the tooth is a crowned tooth, the real-time position x of the comb-tooth knife and the rotation angle of the rocker shaft sector during processing are obtained according to a crowned graphIs the relation of:
（2）
when (when)At->When the value reaches the 0 negative half section, the value of x is taken as negative, and the value is unchanged;
wherein in the formulas (1) and (2),i 1 : an intermediate transmission ratio of the transmission,i 2 : a transmission ratio on both sides;
α 1 ：i 2 a transmission start angle; alpha 2 ：i 2 Start toi 1 Changing the initial angle; alpha 3 ：i 2 Changing an end angle; alpha 4 ：i 1 Start toi 2 Changing the initial angle; alpha 5 ：i 1 Changing an end angle; alpha 6 ：i 2 End angle of transmission;
x 1 : at the end of the crowned teethxThe axis of the rotation is set to be at the same position,x 2 : when the crowned teeth are formedxAn axis coordinate;
α 7 : the crowned teeth form an initial angle; alpha 8 : the crowned teeth form an ending angle; alpha 9 : the crowned teeth maintain the end angle; alpha 10 : crowned tooth formationAn end angle;
the relation is used for programming, actual machining is simulated, the ideal theoretical tooth shape 6 of the rocker shaft tooth sector is obtained, after machining is completed, the coordinates of discrete points of the actual machining tooth shape are obtained through three-coordinate measurement, the coordinates are converted into the actual machining tooth shape 5, as shown in fig. 5, the theoretical tooth shape 6 and the actual machining tooth shape 5 are amplified and compared according to the characteristic that a vector diagram is amplified infinitely and is not distorted, and tooth profile deviation is obtained.
Taking a model YK5612D numerical control gear shaping machine for machining a certain rocker shaft gear segment as an example, the steps and effects of using the method are described.
The machining tool parameters are as follows:
comb blade 3: number of teeth z 1 =4, pressure angle α=22°, 27 °
Rocker shaft sector 1: effective tooth number z 2 =3, pitch diameter 102, tooth sector cone angle 5 °, full tooth depth 20.35mm
The implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, drawing a tooth profile diagram of a comb tooth knife 3 and an outline diagram of a machining section of a rocker shaft tooth fan 1;
drawing an outline drawing at a machining section of the rocker shaft sector 1, a tooth form drawing of the comb blade 3 and a real tooth form drawing in the same drawing, and placing an initial position according to an actual machining position to serve as a machining simulation setting initial position, as shown in fig. 6; wherein the figure of the comb knife 3 comprises a tooth pattern and an outline pattern;
step two, obtaining the feeding amount of a machining circumference and the position of the machining full tooth depth;
according to cutting parameters used in actual machining, circumferential feed amount is 0.25mm/str, an angle of-65 DEG to 65 DEG and machining depth of 20.35mm are generated, and a starting environment is set for machining simulation;
step three, solving the real-time position relationship between the cutter and the workpiece;
and according to the speed ratio curve graph and the drum graph, the relation between the real-time position of the comb tooth knife 3 and the rocker shaft rotation angle during processing is obtained. In this example, the corresponding speed ratio graph 2 and drum graph 3 have the following specific parameters: alpha 1 =-65°、α 2 =-45°、α 3 =-4°、α 4 =4°、α 5 =45°、α 6 =65°，i 1 =20.69、i 2 =24.57，α 7 =-10°、α 8 =-5°、α 9 =5°、α 10 =10°、x 1 =50.845、x 2 =51.175；
Step four, simulating generation processing;
programming by the method provided by the invention by utilizing the initial environment set in the step one to the step three, and automatically simulating the machining process of the rocker shaft sector, as shown in fig. 7; extracting theoretical tooth profile 6 as shown in fig. 8;
step five, detecting the actual machining tooth shape 5 of the rocker shaft sector, as shown in fig. 5;
step six, comparing the theoretical tooth form 6 with the actual processing tooth form 5, and solving the maximum tooth profile deviation;
the theoretical tooth form 6 and the actual tooth form 5 are overlapped together, amplified and detected, the tooth profile deviation of main characteristic points is measured, and the maximum deviation value and the position are found, as shown in fig. 9 and 10. The maximum deviation value in this example is 0.00951634mm;
and step seven, judging. According to the technical requirements, the tolerance value of the tooth profile deviation of the rocker arm shaft tooth sector is 0.012mm, the actual deviation is 0.00951634mm, and the tooth profile accuracy can be judged to meet the requirements.
Claims (8)
1. A method for verifying the speed ratio and the speed ratio crowned tooth sector machining accuracy, comprising the steps of:
drawing a tooth profile diagram of a comb tooth knife (3) and an outline diagram of a machining section of a rocker shaft tooth fan (1);
step two, obtaining the feeding amount of a machining circumference and the position of the machining full tooth depth;
step three, solving the real-time position relationship between the cutter and the workpiece;
step four, simulating generation processing;
step five, detecting the actual machining tooth shape (5) of the rocker shaft sector;
step six, comparing the theoretical tooth profile (6) with the actual machining tooth profile (5) to obtain the maximum tooth profile deviation;
step seven, judging;
when the rocker shaft sector (1) is processed, the comb teeth cutter (3), the graph of the rocker shaft sector (1) and the speed ratio graph are known, if the graph is a drum-shaped tooth, the theoretical tooth form (6) of the rocker shaft sector (1) is unknown, the theoretical tooth form (6) of the rocker shaft sector is obtained by simulating actual processing under the known condition, the theoretical tooth form (6) obtained by the method is a vector graph, and the theoretical tooth form (6) can be amplified infinitely and cannot be distorted according to the characteristic of the vector graph, and is used as a tooth form test standard to compare the tooth form of the actual processing;
according to the speed ratio graph, the real-time position y of the comb knife and the rotation angle of the rocker shaft sector during processing are obtainedIs the relation of:
（1）
when (when)At->When the value reaches the negative half section 0, the y value is taken as negative, and the value is unchanged;
if the tooth is a crowned tooth, the real-time position x of the comb-tooth knife and the rotation angle of the rocker shaft sector during processing are obtained according to a crowned graphIs the relation of:
（2）
when (when)At->When the value reaches the 0 negative half section, the value of x is taken as negative, and the value is unchanged;
wherein in the formulas (1) and (2),i 1 : an intermediate transmission ratio of the transmission,i 2 : a transmission ratio on both sides;
α 1 ：i 2 a transmission start angle; alpha 2 ：i 2 Start toi 1 Changing the initial angle; alpha 3 ：i 2 Changing an end angle; alpha 4 ：i 1 Start toi 2 Changing the initial angle; alpha 5 ：i 1 Changing an end angle; alpha 6 ：i 2 End angle of transmission;
x 1 : at the end of the crowned teethxThe axis of the rotation is set to be at the same position,x 2 : when the crowned teeth are formedxAn axis coordinate;
α 7 : the crowned teeth form an initial angle; alpha 8 : the crowned teeth form an ending angle; alpha 9 : the crowned teeth maintain the end angle; alpha 10 : the crowned teeth form an ending angle;
and programming by utilizing the relation, simulating actual machining to obtain an ideal theoretical tooth profile (6) of the rocker shaft tooth sector, measuring by utilizing three coordinates after machining is completed to obtain discrete point coordinates of the actual machining tooth profile, converting the discrete point coordinates into the actual machining tooth profile (5), and amplifying and comparing the theoretical tooth profile (6) and the actual machining tooth profile (5) according to the characteristics of infinite amplification and no distortion of a vector diagram to obtain tooth profile deviation.
2. A method of checking speed change ratio and speed change ratio crowned tooth sector machining accuracy as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the specific operation of the first step is that the outline drawing of the rocker shaft gear sector (1), the tooth form drawing of the comb teeth knife (3) and the real tooth form drawing are drawn in the same drawing, and the initial position is placed according to the actual processing position to be used as the initial position for processing simulation setting.
3. A method of checking speed change ratio and speed change ratio crowned tooth sector machining accuracy as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the specific operation of the second step is that according to the cutting parameters used in actual machining, the circumference feeding amount is obtained, the angle and the machining depth are generated, and a starting environment is set for machining simulation.
4. A method of checking speed change ratio and speed change ratio crowned tooth sector machining accuracy as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the specific operation of the third step is that the relation between the real-time position of the comb knife (3) and the rocker shaft rotation angle during processing is obtained according to a speed ratio curve graph and a drum graph.
5. A method of checking speed change ratio and speed change ratio crowned tooth sector machining accuracy as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the specific operation of the fourth step is to simulate the machining process of the rocker shaft sector by using the initial environment set in the first to third steps.
6. A method of checking speed change ratio and speed change ratio crowned tooth sector machining accuracy as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the specific operation of the step five is that the actual machining tooth shape of the rocker shaft gear sector is detected, and the actual machining tooth shape (5) is obtained.
7. A method of checking speed change ratio and speed change ratio crowned tooth sector machining accuracy as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the specific operation of the step six is that the theoretical tooth profile (6) and the actual machining tooth profile (5) are overlapped together, the main characteristic point tooth profile deviation is measured through amplification detection, and the maximum deviation value and the position are found.
8. A method of checking speed change ratio and speed change ratio crowned tooth sector machining accuracy as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and step seven, the concrete operation is that whether the actual machined tooth profile is qualified or not is judged according to the tolerance value set by the technical requirement.
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| CN112729206A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-30 | 汉江工具有限责任公司 | Detection method for tooth profile of non-involute gear turning cutter |
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| JP4823897B2 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2011-11-24 | 富士重工業株式会社 | Gear pair evaluation device and gear pair evaluation program |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1068989A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-02-17 | 太原工业大学 | Processing technique for gear wheel drum shape teeth by abrasive flow |
| CN103344210A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-10-09 | 北京工业大学 | Gear error multi-degree of freedom assessing method |
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