CN108050946B - A kind of gear tooth thickness measurement method based on line-structured light - Google Patents
A kind of gear tooth thickness measurement method based on line-structured light Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
Abstract
The gear tooth thickness measurement method based on line-structured light that the invention discloses a kind of, belongs to Precision Inspection and instrument, gear testing technical field.Assembly is tested after gear, coordinate system center is calibrated with line laser gauge head, benchmark of the design basis of tested gear as measurement, and 4 or more the gear teeth being evenly arranged on gear according to gear parameter selection are selected, and it is measurement position that each gear teeth, which take 3 uniformly distributed sections,.Obtain data: the relationship between the parameter and each parameter of installation needed for calculating two gauge heads according to tested gear parameter establishes two structured-light sensor coordinate systems, starts the data for obtaining gear teeth two sides.The space coordinate conversion formula for obtaining data is set up according to each installation parameter and measurement data, and each group measured value of gauge head coordinate system is converted to design of gears center.Transverse tooth thickness deviation mathematical model is set up, and then realizes the high-acruracy survey of transverse tooth thickness deviation, chordal tooth thickness measurement and single transverse tooth thickness average deviation.
Description
Technical field
The gear tooth thickness measurement method based on line-structured light that the present invention relates to a kind of, belong to Precision Inspection and instrument,
Gear testing technical field.
Background technique
Transverse tooth thickness measurement be for evaluating the most important size value of entire gear, be when gear is mutually matched most critical index it
One.Gear matches and installation must assure that gear pair minimum sideshake, and limit maximum sideshake.And the sideshake of gear pair be by
Center adjustment thinned and appropriate is carried out to transverse tooth thickness to realize in Gear Processing.The gear to match is in transmission, if its side
The too small lubricating oil film that can be destroyed between two flank of tooth of gap, sideshake is excessive and will affect transmission stability, generates noise and hysterisis error
Deng.Secondly, gear pair is at runtime, temperature change and load variation can also cause gear teeth thermal deformation, along with gear there is also
The deviations such as flank profil, teeth directional and tooth pitch, it is possible to create crush injury and be driven stuck situation between the flank of tooth.Gear tooth thickness can be direct
Gear-pair backlash is influenced, gear pairing, installation and transmission are influenced, so measuring to transverse tooth thickness just seems particularly significant.
Gear tooth thickness refers to the arc length between a gear teeth two sides, and transverse tooth thickness is equal to half tooth away from size is π m/ on reference circle
2.Transverse tooth thickness deviation delta fsDefinition: on tested gear compound graduation cylindrical surface, the algebraic step of graduated arc transverse tooth thickness measured value and nominal value.
Helical gear transverse tooth thickness refers to normal tooth thickness.Since transverse tooth thickness actually belongs to one section of circular arc, directly the measurement of progress transverse tooth thickness is not very square
Just.Therefore Δ f is often evaluated with section chord length so that transverse tooth thickness is correspondings, referred to as chordal tooth thickness.Common tooth thickness measuring is mainly to connect
Based on the method for touch, measured several times by a small number of of distance between gauge head contact point come evaluation, to show the transverse tooth thickness of entire gear
Characteristic.
Common contact measurement method can have the disadvantage that 1, measuring speed is slow, low efficiency.The method of contact is difficult to
The transverse tooth thickness measurement of all gear teeth is realized within the short time, when to large batch of gear testing, measurement efficiency is not high.2, difficult accurate
It navigates on reference cylinder and detects.Common tooth thickness measuring is difficult the accurately positioning measurement on reference cylinder, and one
As by other Evaluation of Cylindrical circular tooth thickness or chordal tooth thickness to characterize.3, gauge head is asked in the presence of abrasion, radius compensation etc.
Topic.Inevitably there is the abrasion of gauge head and generate measurement error in contact measurement method, and need basis in measurement
The type of gauge head carries out radius compensation.Non-contact laser measurement energy conspicuousness is better than contact method, can greatly improve tooth
The efficiency of thickness measurement.
The transverse tooth thickness measurement of line-structured light belongs to one kind of non-contact laser measurement.The basic principle of line-structured light measurement: logical
The point range light source of one ideal linear of projection is crossed to tested gear surface, by the position for considering the input signal on sensor
Set angle between the axis and laser beam of photodetector array and they the distance between, calculated using trigonometry
The distance between gear surface and gauge head parameter.And when obtaining complex-curved data using line-structured light, it should be noted that avoid yin
The adverse effect of shadow effect in the measurements, and projection light will be projected vertically into as far as possible on tested curved surface.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to some shortcomings of existing contact measurement method, provides a kind of gear tooth thickness based on line-structured light
Measurement method can carry out transverse tooth thickness deviation, chordal tooth thickness deviation and single transverse tooth thickness in any Evaluation of Cylindrical to spur gear, helical gear
Average deviation high-acruracy survey.This method is to be measured simultaneously the single gear teeth with two structured-light sensors, and consider knot
The shadow effect and crevice projection angle of structure light measurement curved surface, this method both can be applied to the horizontal measuring machine of four axis, can also apply
On four shaft vertical measuring machines.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows a kind of gear tooth thickness measurement method based on line-structured light, this method include
Following steps:
W1: measurement calibration
1) determination of measuring basis
Chuck on turntable vises the inner hole of tested gear with the six-freedom degree of limiting gear, so that being tested gear and turning
Platform realizes associated movement and unified measurement benchmark.
For the consistency of calibration measurement benchmark, two structured-light sensor P1And P2The outside circle of the tested gear teeth is carried out
Measurement.Any two normals intersection point is the center of circle on circular arc on outside circle, adjacent teeth measurement or across tooth measurement by the tested gear teeth
As measurement data, to improve the susceptibility of measurement data.The central coordinate of circle of central coordinate of circle and measuring basis is calibrated, i.e.,
Realize benchmark of the design basis of tested gear as measurement.
2) determination of measurement position
In order to reduce influence of the random error to measurement, it is evenly arranged on gear according to the number of teeth of the tested gear teeth and facewidth selection
4 or more the gear teeth, each gear teeth take 3 or more uniformly distributed sections be measurement position, take multiple measurements.
W2: measurement data is obtained
1) mathematical model of tested gear is established.
Data acquisition is carried out using line structure optical sensor to selected measurement position, to avoid shadow effect and considering to throw
Penetrate the angle of light, it is necessary to first establish the mathematical model of tested gear.In fixed rectangular coordinate system δw=[Ow；Xw,Yw,Zw] in,
OwFor fixed rectangular coordinate system origin, Xw,Yw,Zw A(XA,YA,ZA) it is the coordinate for fixing rectangular coordinate system, it is tested the tooth of the gear teeth
Any point three-dimensional coordinate on face is tested gear teeth face S (X1,Y1,Z1) the nominal mathematical model of three-dimensional are as follows:
Wherein, rbFor the base radius of gear, βbFor Base spiral angle, α1、α2For the pressure of involute where B point and A point
β is worked as at anglebIt is involute spur gear when being 0；Work as βbIt is Involute Helical Gears when ≠ 0.
2) structured-light sensor pose parameter determines
For the influence for avoiding shadow effect and projection angular in gear data acquisition, the prediction to line-structured light is needed
The setting angle of amount position and gauge head is determined.Making the tested gear teeth, projection light will not be by the screening of the previous wheel flank of tooth in measurement
Gear realizes the normal plane flank profil data acquisition to tested helical gear teeth, and spur gear is transverse plane flank profil data acquisition.
The relationship of structured-light sensor Yu tested gear fixed coordinate system is determined by following parameter: a is gauge head installing arm
In tested gear fixed coordinate system XWOn axis apart from indicating value, b is gauge head installing arm in tested gear fixed coordinate system YWOn axis
Apart from indicating value, c is two structured-light sensor P1And P2Z in the fixed rectangular coordinate system of tested gearWApart from indicating value, d on axis
For angular adjustment arm lengths.To realize to helical gear normal plane data acquisition, two structured-light sensor P1And P2Established angle take
β degree, therefore be measurement spur gear when β=0, it is measurement helical gear when β ≠ 0.Effectively to obtain flank profil data, two line-structured lights
The installing arm of gauge head takes the offset angle of γ degree.After measuring basis and every pose parameter determine, each axis is adjusted by measuring machine
Absolute value parameter realizes gauge head to premeasuring position.
3) structured-light sensor coordinate system is established
According to two structured-light sensor P1And P2U, V measured value, it is established that corresponding 1 (X of δδ1, Yδ1, Zδ1) and δ 2
(Xδ2, Yδ2, Zδ2) two coordinate systems:
Wherein, β is the established angle of gauge head, and γ is offset angle, and the δ 1 and δ 2 of foundation are suitable for the measurement of straight-tooth and helical teeth.It builds
After the coordinate system of vertical two structured-light sensors, structured-light sensor starts to obtain the gear teeth or so flank of tooth flank profil data, that is, obtains
Take the characterization of outline to be measured position indicating value in gauge head coordinate system.And in gear tooth thickness measurement, transverse tooth thickness deviation is to design and sit
Target center is evaluated, so the data value change data for needing to obtain in gauge head coordinate system, carries out rectangular space coordinate
It converts to the design centre of gear, i.e. change data to gear coordinate system.
W3: change data to gear coordinate system
Data conversion belongs to one of key component in method.The gear teeth of tested gear are made of the left flank of tooth and the right flank of tooth, institute
It is divided into two parts with data in gear coordinate system: the left flank of tooth data conversion of 1 → δ of δ 0 and the right flank of tooth data conversion of 2 → δ of δ 0.
1) data conversion of the left flank of tooth of 1 → δ of δ 0
2) data conversion of the right flank of tooth of 2 → δ of δ 0
It is realized by formula (4) and formula (5) by structured-light sensor P1And P2Ux、VxMeasured value is converted to tested gear
The data acquisition of the tested gear teeth is realized at center.
W4: the transverse tooth thickness measurement of tested gear
The acquired data with conversion of previous step W3 are the left and right flank profil of tested gear normal plane, are provided for transverse tooth thickness measurement
Complete data basis realizes that the transverse tooth thickness measurement of any Evaluation of Cylindrical, chordal tooth thickness measure and the transverse tooth thickness of the single gear teeth is averagely surveyed
Amount.According to tooth form, transverse tooth thickness is different on the Evaluation of Cylindrical of different radii, the evaluation cylinder centered on gear axis line, cylinder
The more big corresponding transverse tooth thickness of radius is smaller.
The determination of transverse tooth thickness Evaluation of Cylindrical:
The left and right flank profil normal plane data for obtaining and converting each time are grouped Sx, take (Xw',Yw',Zw') and SxIt hands over
Collection obtains the position a certain facewidth e and is evaluating circle rxUpper corresponding transverse tooth thickness or so evaluation point kxAnd lx。
1) transverse tooth thickness buggy model Δ fs
Wherein, sIt is realFor actual measurement transverse tooth thickness, sklFor theoretical transverse tooth thickness, θxFor the folder being tested between the left and right evaluation point of transverse tooth thickness
Angle, α are pressure angle of graduated circle, αlFor kxOr lxThe pressure angle of point.
2) chordal tooth thickness measures sC is real
Wherein, sC is realFor practical chordal tooth thickness, to evaluate point kxAnd lxBetween space length.sC is realMeasurement and other survey
Amount method compares.
3) single transverse tooth thickness average deviation fsi
Random error inevitably appears in the measurement of Gear Processing and gear, and measuring instrument is quick in transverse tooth thickness measurement
Corresponding data is measured in sense, and for the adverse effect for reducing random error in measurement, the average value for taking single transverse tooth thickness repeatedly to measure is made
For final result.Select 4 or more the gear teeth being evenly arranged on gear according to the number of teeth and the facewidth, each gear teeth take 3 or more it is equal
The section of cloth is measurement position, realizes thousands of to up to ten thousand secondary data acquisitions at 1 second in a manner of line-structured light, be effectively reduced with
The influence of chance error difference.
Wherein, n is the transverse tooth thickness pendulous frequency of uniformly distributed gear teeth different cross section.Single transverse tooth thickness average deviation is as an evaluation quilt
Survey the important indicator of gear performance.
A kind of gear tooth thickness measurement method method based on line-structured light of the present invention has the advantage that
1, measuring speed is fast and can measure simultaneously the same gear teeth or so the flank of tooth.This method passes through two structured-light sensors
Can quick obtaining gear normal plane left and right transverse tooth thickness data and evaluated, measured for contact tooth thickness measuring
Efficiency can be promoted effectively；
2, multiple types gear tooth thickness can be surveyed, and applicability is high.By adjusting school to β established angle in method and γ offset angle
Standard is, it can be achieved that the transverse tooth thickness measurement with helical angle gear wheel such as spur gear and helical gear；
3, transverse tooth thickness measurement can be realized on any evaluation of any facewidth position circle.Section and calculating of this method in evaluation
Flexibility above be substantially better than traditional tooth thickness measuring；
4, the performance for proposing New Set characterization gear can reduce the influence of the random error in the measurement of transverse tooth thickness deviation.
Detailed description of the invention
The schematic diagram of Fig. 1 measuring basis and measurement position
Fig. 2 gear mathematics model schematic
Angle, position and the posture schematic diagram of two gauge heads of Fig. 3 installation
Fig. 4 is tested the space coordinates schematic diagram of gear and two gauge heads
Fig. 5 gear tooth thickness instrumentation plan
The vertical and horizontal measuring machine of Fig. 6
Fig. 7 measurement flow chart
Specific embodiment
The gear tooth thickness measurement method to a kind of based on line-structured light further illustrates with reference to the accompanying drawing.Such as Fig. 6, the party
Method can not only be applied on vertical measuring machine, but also can apply on horizontal measuring machine, carry out by taking vertical measurement machine as an example
Explanation.
Vertical measurement machine includes main axle unit, measuring unit and bed piece, and main axle unit and measuring unit are mounted on bed
With.Main axle unit includes main shaft and fixed chuck, θ1Axis Circular gratings are connected with main shaft；Mapping unit include Z-direction mobile bar,
X-direction mobile bar, angle adjustment arm and structure light gauge head, Z axis grating are mounted in measurement X-direction mobile bar and measure Z axis
Mobile, X-axis grating is mounted on the movement of measurement mapping unit in X direction, angle adjustment arm θ on Z axis2Circular gratings are connected with X-axis
The β established angle of gauge head is adjusted, and passes through two adjusting bracket tune γ offset angles.In measurement process, computer can pass through control
Fabrication come control with X-axis, Z axis, θ1Axis, θ2The motor that axis is connected with angle adjustment arm or so bracket controls the movements of five axis,
Full-automatic measurement can be achieved.X-axis grating, Z axis grating, θ in data collection system1Axis Circular gratings, θ2Axis Circular gratings, γ are inclined
Angle setting adjusts Circular gratings and structure light gauge head and is input to data are obtained in control card, and is uploaded to computer by control card, carries out
Data processing.Tested roller gear be mounted on spindle chuck and tailstock it is top between.Tested helical gear parameter:, mn=3mm, αn
=20 °, β=15 °, b=40mm, d=86.963mm, df=79.463mm, da=92.963mm, rb=0.5db=
40.689mm。
Such as Fig. 1, the determination of measuring basis and measurement position.Chuck on turntable vises the inner hole limiting gear of tested gear
Six-freedom degree so that tested gear and turntable realize movement unanimously, measuring basis it is consistent.
For the consistency of calibration measurement benchmark, two structured-light sensor P1And P2The outside circle of the gear teeth is measured.
With s1And s4For the central coordinate of circle of central coordinate of circle and measuring basis is calibrated, that is, realize that the design basis of tested gear is made
For the benchmark of measurement.
In order to reduce influence of the random error to measurement, 4 or more be evenly arranged on gear are selected according to the number of teeth and the facewidth
The gear teeth, take multiple measurements.With s2、s9、s16And s23For four uniformly distributed gear teeth, each gear teeth take 3 or more it is uniformly distributed
Section is measurement position.
Data acquisition is carried out using line structure optical sensor to selected measurement position, in order to avoid shadow effect and consideration
The angle of projection light, it is necessary to first establish the mathematical model of gear.As shown in Fig. 2, in fixed rectangular coordinate system δw=[Ow；
Xw,Yw,Zw] in, A (XA,YA,ZA) it is any point on the flank of tooth, it is tested gear teeth face S (X1,Y1,Z1) the nominal mathematical modulo of three-dimensional
Type are as follows:
Wherein, 40.689mm is the base radius of gear, βbFor Base spiral angle, α1、α2For involute where B point and A point
Pressure angle, work as βbWhen being 0, it is involute spur gear, works as βbIt is Involute Helical Gears when for k (k ≠ 0).
In order to avoid the influence of the shadow effect in gear data acquisition and projection angular, need to the pre- of line-structured light
The setting angle of measurement position and gauge head is determined.Making the tested gear teeth, projection light will not be by the previous wheel flank of tooth in measurement
It blocks, realizes the normal plane flank profil data acquisition to tested helical gear teeth, and spur gear is transverse plane flank profil data acquisition.
Such as Fig. 3, the relationship of structured-light sensor Yu tested gear fixed coordinate system is determined by following parameter: a is gauge head
Installing arm is in tested gear fixed coordinate system XWOn axis apart from indicating value, b is gauge head installing arm in tested gear fixed coordinate system YW
On axis apart from indicating value, c is two gauge head P1And P2In tested gear fixed coordinate system ZWOn axis apart from indicating value.In order to realize
To helical gear normal plane data acquisition, two gauge head P1And P2Established angle take β, therefore be measurement spur gear when β=0, when β ≠ 0
To measure helical gear.In order to effectively obtain flank profil data, the installing arm of two gauge heads takes the offset angle of γ degree.In measuring basis and
After every pose parameter determines, each axis absolute value parameter is adjusted by measuring machine and realizes gauge head to premeasuring position.
Such as Fig. 4, structured-light sensor coordinate system is established.According to two structured-light sensor P1And P2U, V measured value, build
Erect corresponding 1 (X of δδ1, Yδ1, Zδ1) and 2 (X of δδ2, Yδ2, Zδ2) two coordinate systems:
Wherein, β is the established angle of gauge head, and γ is offset angle, and the δ 1 and δ 2 of foundation are suitable for the measurement of straight-tooth and helical teeth.It builds
After the coordinate system of vertical two gauge heads, gauge head starts to obtain the gear teeth or so flank of tooth flank profil data, i.e. acquisition outline to be measured is in gauge head
The characterization of position indicating value in coordinate system.And in gear tooth thickness measurement, transverse tooth thickness deviation is evaluated with the center for designing coordinate,
So the data value change data for needing to obtain in gauge head coordinate system, progress space coordinate conversion to the design centre of gear,
That is change data is to gear coordinate system.
As shown in figure 5, the positional relationship between each coordinate system.Change data belongs in method to gear coordinate system closes
One of key section.And the gear teeth of gear are made of the left flank of tooth and the right flank of tooth, so data are divided into two parts in gear coordinate system: δ 1
The left flank of tooth data conversion of → δ 0 and the right flank of tooth data conversion of 2 → δ of δ 0.
1) data conversion of the left flank of tooth of 1 → δ of δ 0:
2) data conversion of the right flank of tooth of 2 → δ of δ 0
It can be achieved by formula (13) and (14) by gauge head P1And P2Ux、VxMeasured value is converted to the center of gear, realizes tooth
Take turns the data acquisition of the tested gear teeth.
The acquired data with conversion of previous step W3 are the left and right flank profil of tested gear normal plane, can be measured for transverse tooth thickness
Complete data basis is provided, realizes that the transverse tooth thickness measurement of any Evaluation of Cylindrical, chordal tooth thickness measure and the transverse tooth thickness of the single gear teeth is flat
It measures, as shown in Figure 6.According to tooth form, transverse tooth thickness is different on the Evaluation of Cylindrical of different radii, centered on gear axis line
Evaluation cylinder, the more big corresponding transverse tooth thickness of cylindrical radius is smaller.
The determination of transverse tooth thickness Evaluation of Cylindrical:
The left and right flank profil normal plane data for obtaining and converting each time are grouped Sx, take (Xw',Yw',Zw') and SxIt hands over
Collection can be obtained the position a certain facewidth e and evaluate circle rxUpper corresponding transverse tooth thickness or so evaluation point kxAnd lx。
Transverse tooth thickness buggy model Δ fs:
Wherein, sIt is realFor actual measurement transverse tooth thickness, sklFor theoretical transverse tooth thickness, θxFor the folder being tested between the left and right evaluation point of transverse tooth thickness
Angle, α are pressure angle of graduated circle, αlFor kxOr lxThe pressure angle of point.
Chordal tooth thickness measures sC is real:
Wherein, sC is realFor practical chordal tooth thickness, to evaluate point kxAnd lxBetween space length.sC is realMeasurement can be with others
Measurement method compares.
Single transverse tooth thickness average deviation fsi
Random error inevitably appears in the measurement of Gear Processing and gear, and measuring instrument is quick in transverse tooth thickness measurement
Corresponding data is measured in sense, in order to reduce the adverse effect of random error in measurement, the average value for taking single transverse tooth thickness repeatedly to measure
As final result.4 or more the gear teeth being evenly arranged on gear are selected according to the number of teeth and the facewidth, each gear teeth take 3 or more
Uniformly distributed section is measurement position, can realize thousands of to up to ten thousand data acquisitions at 1 second in a manner of line-structured light, can be effective
Reduce the influence of random error.
Wherein, n is the transverse tooth thickness pendulous frequency of uniformly distributed gear teeth different cross section.Single transverse tooth thickness average deviation can be used as an evaluation
The important indicator of tested gear performance.
Detailed measurement procedure is as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of gear tooth thickness measurement method based on line-structured light, it is characterised in that: this method comprises the following steps,
W1: measurement calibration
1) determination of measuring basis
Chuck on turntable vises the inner hole of tested gear with the six-freedom degree of limiting gear, so that tested gear and turntable are real
Existing associated movement and unified measurement benchmark；
For the consistency of calibration measurement benchmark, two structured-light sensor P1And P2The outside circle of the tested gear teeth is measured；
Any two normals intersection point is the center of circle on circular arc on outside circle, using the measurement of the adjacent teeth of the tested gear teeth or across tooth measurement as survey
Data are measured, to improve the susceptibility of measurement data；The central coordinate of circle of central coordinate of circle and measuring basis is calibrated, i.e. realization quilt
Survey benchmark of the design basis of gear as measurement；
2) determination of measurement position
In order to reduce influence of the random error to measurement, be evenly arranged on gear 4 are selected according to the number of teeth of the tested gear teeth and the facewidth
A above gear teeth, it is measurement position that each gear teeth, which take 3 or more uniformly distributed sections, is taken multiple measurements；
W2: measurement data is obtained
1) mathematical model of tested gear is established；
In fixed rectangular coordinate system δw=[Ow；Xw,Yw,Zw] in, OwFor fixed rectangular coordinate system origin, Xw,Yw,ZwIt is fixed straight
The coordinate of angular coordinate system, A (XA,YA,ZA) it is tested any point three-dimensional coordinate on the flank of tooth of the gear teeth, it is tested gear teeth face S (X1,Y1,
Z1) the nominal mathematical model of three-dimensional are as follows:
Wherein, rbFor the base radius of gear, βbFor Base spiral angle, α1、α2For the pressure angle of involute where B point and A point, when
βbIt is involute spur gear when being 0；Work as βbIt is Involute Helical Gears when ≠ 0；
2) structured-light sensor pose parameter determines
For the influence for avoiding shadow effect and projection angular in gear data acquisition, the premeasuring position to line-structured light is needed
It sets and is determined with the setting angle of gauge head；Block tested gear teeth projection light in measurement will not by the previous wheel flank of tooth,
Realize the normal plane flank profil data acquisition to tested helical gear teeth, and spur gear is transverse plane flank profil data acquisition；
The relationship of structured-light sensor Yu tested gear fixed coordinate system is determined by following parameter: a is gauge head installing arm in quilt
Survey gear fixed coordinate system XWOn axis apart from indicating value, b is gauge head installing arm in tested gear fixed coordinate system YWDistance on axis
Indicating value, c are two structured-light sensor P1And P2Z in the fixed rectangular coordinate system of tested gearWApart from indicating value on axis, d is angle
Degree adjusts arm lengths；To realize to helical gear normal plane data acquisition, two structured-light sensor P1And P2Established angle take β degree,
It therefore is measurement helical gear when β ≠ 0 for measurement spur gear when β=0；Effectively to obtain flank profil data, two structured-light sensors
Installing arm take the offset angle of γ degree；After measuring basis and every pose parameter determine, it is absolute that each axis is adjusted by measuring machine
Value parameter realizes gauge head to premeasuring position；
3) structured-light sensor coordinate system is established
According to two structured-light sensor P1And P2U, V measured value, it is established that corresponding 1 (X of δδ1, Yδ1, Zδ1) and 2 (X of δδ2,
Yδ2, Zδ2) two coordinate systems:
Wherein, β is the established angle of gauge head, and γ is offset angle, and the δ 1 and δ 2 of foundation are suitable for the measurement of straight-tooth and helical teeth；Establish two
After the coordinate system of a structured-light sensor, structured-light sensor starts to obtain the gear teeth or so flank of tooth flank profil data, i.e. acquisition quilt
The characterization of measuring wheel exterior feature position indicating value in gauge head coordinate system；And in gear tooth thickness measurement, transverse tooth thickness deviation is to design coordinate
Center is evaluated, so the data value change data for needing to obtain in gauge head coordinate system, carries out rectangular space coordinate conversion
To the design centre of gear, i.e. change data to gear coordinate system；
W3: change data to gear coordinate system
Data conversion belongs to one of key component in method；The gear teeth of tested gear are made of the left flank of tooth and the right flank of tooth, so tooth
Data are divided into two parts in wheel coordinate system: the left flank of tooth data conversion of 1 → δ of δ 0 and the right flank of tooth data conversion of 2 → δ of δ 0；
1) data conversion of the left flank of tooth of 1 → δ of δ 0
2) data conversion of the right flank of tooth of 2 → δ of δ 0
It is realized by formula (4) and formula (5) by structured-light sensor P1And P2Ux、VxMeasured value is converted to the center of tested gear,
Realize the data acquisition of the tested gear teeth；
W4: the transverse tooth thickness measurement of tested gear
The acquired data with conversion of previous step W3 are the left and right flank profil of tested gear normal plane, are provided completely for transverse tooth thickness measurement
Data basis, realize the transverse tooth thickness average measurement of transverse tooth thickness measurement, the chordal tooth thickness measurement and the single gear teeth of any Evaluation of Cylindrical；Root
Sawteeth shape transverse tooth thickness on the Evaluation of Cylindrical of different radii is different, the evaluation cylinder centered on gear axis line, cylindrical radius
More big corresponding transverse tooth thickness is smaller；
The determination of transverse tooth thickness Evaluation of Cylindrical:
The left and right flank profil normal plane data for obtaining and converting each time are grouped Sx, take (Xw',Yw',Zw') and SxIntersection obtains
Circle r is being evaluated to the position a certain facewidth exUpper corresponding transverse tooth thickness or so evaluation point kxAnd lx；
1) transverse tooth thickness buggy model Δ fs
Wherein, sIt is realFor actual measurement transverse tooth thickness, sklFor theoretical transverse tooth thickness, θxFor the angle being tested between the left and right evaluation point of transverse tooth thickness, α is
Pressure angle of graduated circle, αlFor kxOr lxThe pressure angle of point；
2) chordal tooth thickness measures sC is real
Wherein, sC is realFor practical chordal tooth thickness, to evaluate point kxAnd lxBetween space length；sC is realMeasurement and other measurement methods
It compares；
3) single transverse tooth thickness average deviation fsi
Random error inevitably appears in the measurement of Gear Processing and gear, the measuring instrument sensitivity in transverse tooth thickness measurement
Corresponding data is measured, for the adverse effect for reducing random error in measurement, the average value for taking single transverse tooth thickness repeatedly to measure is as most
Terminate fruit；Select 4 or more the gear teeth being evenly arranged on gear according to the number of teeth and the facewidth, each gear teeth take 3 or more it is uniformly distributed
Section is measurement position, realized thousands of to up to ten thousand secondary data acquisitions at 1 second in a manner of line-structured light, is effectively reduced with chance error
The influence of difference；
Wherein, n is the transverse tooth thickness pendulous frequency of uniformly distributed gear teeth different cross section；Single transverse tooth thickness average deviation evaluates tested tooth as one
Take turns the important indicator of performance.
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| CN109886949B (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2021-05-11 | 南昌航空大学 | Straight spur gear multi-parameter evaluation method based on machine vision |
| CN110455198B (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2020-12-25 | 吉林大学 | Rectangular spline shaft key width and diameter measuring method based on line structure light vision |
| CN112378345B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-05-31 | 扬州大学 | Gear angle offset measuring device and method based on laser displacement sensor |
| CN112629466B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2023-04-07 | 重庆文理学院 | Gear tooth profile measuring equipment based on line structured light |
| CN113074687B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-11-25 | 倪根林 | Measuring instrument and measuring method |
| CN113446960B (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2023-01-03 | 温州大学 | Tooth surface point cloud theoretical distribution modeling method and measuring method |
| CN114295063A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-04-08 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Spline gauge parameter measuring method and device |
| CN114791251B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-09-08 | 重庆大学 | Tooth thickness detection device of universal gear and calculation method thereof |
| CN115507769B (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-09-22 | 北京工业大学 | Gear rapid measurement method integrating vision and optical principles |
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| CN101551240B (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-08-18 | 北京工业大学 | Large-scale gear measuring method based on laser tracking technology |
| EP2921840A1 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-23 | Areva Wind GmbH | Test unit for quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on a tooth surface of a gear, method for quantitative analysis and use of the test unit |
| CN105571523A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-11 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Tooth error vision measurement method for involute of straight toothed spur gear |
| CN105823435B (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-12-29 | 扬州大学 | A kind of gear measurement device and gear measuring method based on laser displacement sensor |
| CN106840652B (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2019-03-22 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of motion transmission error prediction method based on gear global error |
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