CN113074687B - Measuring instrument and measuring method - Google Patents
Measuring instrument and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113074687B CN113074687B CN202110355393.8A CN202110355393A CN113074687B CN 113074687 B CN113074687 B CN 113074687B CN 202110355393 A CN202110355393 A CN 202110355393A CN 113074687 B CN113074687 B CN 113074687B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
- G01B21/047—Accessories, e.g. for positioning, for tool-setting, for measuring probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/10—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring diameters
Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring instrument, which relates to the technical field of precision measuring equipment and comprises a measuring assembly, wherein the measuring assembly comprises an angle adjuster, a first sliding block and a second sliding block are respectively arranged on two sides of the angle adjuster, a first measuring pin is arranged on the first sliding block, a second measuring pin is arranged on the second sliding block, a third measuring pin is arranged between the first measuring pin and the second measuring pin, and the third measuring pin is connected to the angle adjuster in a sliding manner; the driving assembly is connected with the angle adjuster; a positioning assembly; a data acquisition component; and the terminal is connected with the data acquisition assembly. The invention has the technical effects that the accuracy of the measured tooth profile shape errors on the two sides of the gear teeth is high; the one-time comprehensive measurement of the tooth profile shapes of the two sides of the gear teeth and the thickness of the gear teeth is realized; by utilizing a relative measurement principle, the requirement on the environment is low, and the error interference is small; the portable structure solves the problems of tooth profile error and tooth thickness measurement of the oversized gear; the measured modulus is almost unlimited; simple structure and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision measurement equipment, in particular to a measuring instrument and a measuring method.
Background
The GBT10095.1-2001 standard specifies that the machining precision of a single gear is comprehensively considered from three aspects of transmission accuracy, transmission stability and load distribution uniformity, and is controlled by the following precision indexes: single pitch deviation, cumulative total pitch deviation, total tooth profile deviation (tooth error), and total helix deviation (tooth direction error), high speed gear inspection also includes cumulative pitch deviation.
The tooth profile error refers to a deviation between an actual gear profile and a theoretical gear profile, the tooth profile error comprises a tooth profile shape error and a tooth profile position error, related tooth profile error measuring equipment has a single function, generally only the tooth profile shape error of one side of the gear tooth of the measured gear can be measured, if the tooth profile shape error of the other side of the gear tooth of the measured gear needs to be measured, the measured gear needs to be recalibrated and positioned, so that a large error exists on the basis of two-time measurement, and the tooth profile shape error of the two sides of the gear tooth of the measured gear cannot be combined, so that the tooth profile position error of the gear tooth of the measured gear is obtained, namely the tooth profile error of the gear tooth of the measured gear is obtained.
Chinese patent, publication number: CN106556366a, published: 2017.04.05, which discloses a cylindrical probe and a measuring method for solving the problem of micro-gear measurement, wherein a needle point of a probe is ground into a circular end face perpendicular to the axis of the probe, so that unnecessary interference between a measuring rod and a tooth surface in the measuring process is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The invention provides a measuring instrument and a measuring method aiming at the technical problems that tooth profile shape errors on two sides of a gear tooth are limited by tooth profile error measuring equipment, provides a conventional tooth profile error rapid measuring means, solves the problem of measuring the tooth profile error of an oversized gear by a portable design structure, realizes one-time comprehensive measurement of tooth profiles and tooth thicknesses on two sides of the gear tooth, has low requirement on the environment by utilizing a relative measurement principle, has high accuracy of the measured tooth profile shape errors on two sides of the gear tooth, is almost not limited to the measured modulus, and has simple structure and low manufacturing cost.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a surveying instrument, comprising:
the measuring assembly comprises an angle adjuster, a first sliding block and a second sliding block are respectively arranged on two sides of the angle adjuster, a first measuring pin is arranged on the first sliding block, a second measuring pin is arranged on the second sliding block, a third measuring pin is arranged between the first measuring pin and the second measuring pin, and the third measuring pin is connected to the angle adjuster in a sliding manner;
the driving assembly is connected with the angle adjuster;
the positioning assembly is used for positioning the gear to be measured;
the data acquisition assembly is connected with the first measuring probe, the second measuring probe and the third measuring probe;
and the terminal is connected with the data acquisition assembly.
Optionally, the measuring instrument further comprises a bracket, one end of the bracket is connected with the driving assembly, and the other end of the bracket is connected with the angle adjuster.
Optionally, the positioning assembly comprises a centering block, and the centering block is sleeved on the outer side of the third measuring pin.
Optionally, the positioning assembly includes a laser, and the laser is disposed on the top of the bracket.
Optionally, the measuring component further includes a measuring head body, the measuring head body is sleeved on the outer sides of the first sliding block and the second sliding block, the measuring head body is connected with the angle adjuster, and the third measuring pin is located inside the measuring head body.
Optionally, the data acquisition assembly includes a first sensor, a second sensor and a third sensor;
the first sensor is connected with the first measuring pin, the second sensor is connected with the second measuring pin, the third sensor is connected with the third measuring pin, and the first sensor, the second sensor and the third sensor are all connected with the terminal.
Optionally, the first sensor is arranged on one side of the measuring head body through the mounting frame, the second sensor is arranged on the other side of the measuring head body through the mounting frame, the third sensor is arranged on one end, far away from the angle regulator, of the measuring head body through the mounting frame, or the third sensor is arranged on the driving assembly through the mounting frame.
Optionally, the driving assembly comprises a frame body, a motor and a transmission device, one end of the transmission device is fixedly connected with the frame body, the other end of the transmission device is movably connected with the support, the motor is located on the frame body, and the motor is connected with the transmission device.
Optionally, handles are arranged on the first sliding block and the second sliding block, and the handles are connected with the first measuring head and the second measuring needle.
A measuring method is based on a coordinate system, a point O on a mounting axis of a measured gear is used as a coordinate origin, and a longitudinal coordinate Y axis is formed by connecting the origin O and a reference circle tooth thickness midpoint C of the measured gear, wherein the Y axis is vertical to the mounting axis of the measured gear, and the origin O is vertical to the longitudinal coordinate Y axis and the mounting axis of the measured gear is used as a transverse coordinate X axis;
for any point k (S) on two sides of the gear tooth of the gear to be measured kh ，Y k )，
According to equation 1:
calculating r k Wherein r is k The distance between the point k and the center of the base circle of the gear to be measured is taken as the distance;
according to equation 2:
calculating the pressure angle alpha of the point k k Wherein α is k The included angle between the direction of the positive pressure force applied to the point k and the speed direction of the point k is formed;
according to equation 3:
calculating out theoretical involute characteristic value phi of point k k Wherein phi is k The included angle between a connecting line of the point k and the center of the base circle of the gear to be measured and a vertical line;
wherein S is kh Half tooth thickness of point k, Y k Is the radial coordinate dimension of point k, r b The radius of a base circle of the gear to be measured;
the measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out dense scanning on a first measuring pin and a second measuring pin from tooth roots to tooth tops on two sides of a gear tooth of a measured gear respectively, and recording a corresponding radial coordinate dimension Y by a third measuring pin kL And Y kR The first stylus and the third stylus obtain a set of points k: (S khL ，Y kL ) The second stylus and the third stylus obtain a set of points k (S) khR ，Y kR )；
S2. For a set of points k (S) obtained for the first stylus khL ，Y kL ) Calculating theoretical involute characteristic value phi of a group of points k according to formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3 k Selecting the maximum value as phi 1 Selecting the minimum value to be phi 2 ；
S3, according to a formula 4: s bhL1 ＝r b *sin(Φ 1 ) Equation 5: y is bL1 ＝r b *cosΦ 1 Equation 6: s. the bhL2 ＝r b *sin(Φ 2 ) And equation 7: y is bL2 ＝r b *cosΦ 2 Calculate S bhL1 、S bhL2 、Y bL1 And Y bL2 Wherein S is bhL1 Half tooth thickness, Y, of point 1 on the base circle of the gear to be measured bL1 Is the radial dimension of point 1 on the base circle of the gear to be measured, S bhL2 Half tooth thickness, Y, of point 2 on the base circle of the gear being measured bL2 The radial size of a point 2 on the base circle of the gear to be measured;
s4, according to a formula 8:
calculating the error of the shape of the tooth profile (Deltaf) on one side fL Error of profile shape on the other side of two Δ f fR A set of points k (S) obtained using a second stylus khR ，Y kR ) Calculating the error of the tooth profile shape on the other side, namely the error of the tooth profile shape on the other side, according to the steps S1, S2 and S3 fR ；
And S5, combining the measured data of one side with the measured data of the other side to obtain the actual tooth thickness value of the gear teeth, and comparing the actual tooth thickness value with the tooth thickness without backlash to obtain the tooth thickness deviation.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method is a portable and desktop dual-purpose technical scheme, the method utilizes a relative measurement principle, the measured tooth profile shape errors on two sides of the gear tooth are high in precision, one-time comprehensive measurement of the tooth thickness of the gear tooth and the shape errors of the left tooth profile and the right tooth profile is realized, the measurement result contains the direction error and the shape error of the tooth profile, the tooth profile error is in accordance with the definition of the GBT10095.1-2001 standard on the tooth profile error, and the tooth profile error is greatly different from the tooth profile error calculated by a traditional fitting method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a measuring instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a front view of a measuring instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part A according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a tooth profile error according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a support; 2. a drive assembly; 21. a frame body; 22. a motor; 23. a transmission device; 3. a measurement component; 31. an angle adjuster; 32. a first slider; 33. a second slider; 34. a first stylus; 35. a second stylus; 36. a measuring head body; 37. a third measuring probe; 38. centering blocks; 39. a handle; 4. a data acquisition component; 41. a first sensor; 42. a second sensor; 43. a third sensor; 6. a positioning assembly; 63. a laser.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings. The terms first, second, and the like in the present invention are provided for convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention, and have no specific limiting effect, but are all generic terms, and do not limit the technical solution of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "coupled" are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable coupling as well as integral coupling; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a measuring instrument, comprising:
the measuring component 3 comprises an angle regulator 31, a first sliding block 32 and a second sliding block 33 are respectively arranged on two sides of the angle regulator 31, a first measuring pin 34 is arranged on the first sliding block 32, a second measuring pin 35 is arranged on the second sliding block 33, a third measuring pin 37 is arranged between the first measuring pin 34 and the second measuring pin 35, and the third measuring pin 37 is connected to the angle regulator 31 in a sliding manner;
the driving assembly 2 is connected with the angle adjuster 31;
the positioning component 6 is used for positioning the gear to be measured;
the data acquisition assembly 4 is connected with the first measuring probe 34, the second measuring probe 35 and the third measuring probe 37;
and the terminal is connected with the data acquisition component 4.
In measurement, first, the gear to be measured is positioned by using the positioning assembly 6, and then, the angle adjuster 31 is adjusted so that the first measuring pin 34 and the second measuring pin 35 are locatedIn the correct measuring direction, the needle points of the first measuring needle 34 and the second measuring needle 35 are in contact with the tooth root of the gear, the third measuring needle 37 is in contact with the tooth top, the driving component 2 drives the angle regulator 31 to move, the angle regulator 31 drives the first sliding block 32 and the second sliding block 33 to move, the first sliding block 32 drives the first measuring needle 34 to move, the second sliding block 33 drives the second measuring needle 35 to move, so that the first measuring needle 34 and the second measuring needle 35 slowly move from the tooth root to the tooth top of the gear to be measured to carry out intensive scanning, the angle regulator 31 drives the third measuring needle 37 to move, meanwhile, the data acquisition component 4 carries out data acquisition, and the first measuring needle 34 and the third measuring needle 37 obtain a group of points k (S is a group of points k) obtained by the first measuring needle 34 and the third measuring needle 37 (S is a group of points k) khL ，Y kL ) The second stylus 35 and the third stylus 37 obtain a set of points k (S) khR ，Y kR ) Wherein S is khL Is half tooth thickness of one side of the gear teeth of the gear to be measured, Y kL Is the radial dimension, S, of one side of the tooth of the gear to be measured khR Is half tooth thickness of the other side of the gear tooth of the gear to be measured, Y kR The tooth profile shape error and the tooth thickness error of the two sides of the gear tooth can be measured by using three measuring pins only through once positioning, and the measuring precision is high. And combining the shape errors of the tooth profiles on the two sides to obtain the shape and the size of the actual gear tooth of a complete gear to be measured, thereby realizing the one-time measurement of the tooth shape error and the tooth thickness deviation of the gear teeth on the two sides of the gear to be measured.
The positioning center of the positioning component 6 is positioned on the symmetrical plane of the measured gear, and when positioning is carried out, the positioning center of the positioning component 6 and the gear tooth reference circle center of the measured gear are both positioned on the symmetrical plane of the measured gear, so that centering positioning is completed.
Specifically, the measuring instrument further comprises a support 1, one end of the support 1 is connected with the driving assembly 2, and the other end of the support 1 is connected with the angle adjuster 31. Wherein, the driving component 2 drives the bracket 1 to move, and the bracket 1 drives the angle adjuster 31 to move, so that the measuring component 3 performs measurement. Wherein the bracket 1 is used to support the angle adjuster 31.
Specifically, the positioning assembly 6 includes a centering block 38, and the centering block 38 is sleeved outside the third pin 37.
When the gear to be measured is positioned, the third measuring pin 37 slides, the third measuring pin 37 drives the centering block 38 to contact with two sides of the gear tooth of the gear to be measured, so that the middle point of the gear tooth reference circle of the gear to be measured, the gear axis and the axis of the third measuring pin 37 are all located on the symmetrical plane of the gear to be measured, and the positioning is completed. The third measuring pin 37 is located at the center between the first measuring pin 34 and the second measuring pin 35 and is overlapped with the axis of the angle adjuster 31, so that the angle adjuster 31 is prevented from deviating from the center position thereof when rotating, and the positioning accuracy is ensured.
Specifically, the measuring component 3 further includes a measuring head body 36, the measuring head body 36 is sleeved on the outer sides of the first sliding block 32 and the second sliding block 33, the measuring head body 36 is connected with the angle adjuster 31, and the third measuring pin 37 is located inside the measuring head body 36.
The measuring head body 36 is used for supporting the first sliding block 32, the second sliding block 33 and the third measuring pin 37, protecting the third measuring pin 37 and reducing damage of other devices to the third measuring pin 37.
Specifically, the data acquisition assembly 4 includes a first sensor 41, a second sensor 42, and a third sensor 43;
the first sensor 41 is connected with the first measuring pin 34, the second sensor 42 is connected with the second measuring pin 35, the third sensor 43 is connected with the third measuring pin 37, the first sensor 41, the second sensor 42 and the third sensor 43 are all installed on the measuring head body 36, and the first sensor 41, the second sensor 42 and the third sensor 43 are all connected with the terminal.
During measurement, a first sensor 41, a second sensor 42 and a third sensor 43 are started, the first sensor 41 is used for collecting a group of half tooth thicknesses obtained by measuring the first measuring pin 34, the second sensor 42 is used for collecting another group of half tooth thicknesses obtained by measuring the second measuring pin 35, the third sensor 43 is used for collecting corresponding radial dimension data obtained by the third measuring pin 37, then the first sensor 41 and the second sensor 42 transmit the collected data to a terminal, then the terminal stores and displays the data, and finally the tooth profile error and the tooth thickness error are obtained through calculation.
Specifically, the first sensor 41 is disposed on one side of the head body 36 through a mounting frame, the second sensor 42 is disposed on the other side of the head body 36 through a mounting frame, and the third sensor 43 is disposed on one end of the head body 36 away from the angle adjuster 31 through a mounting frame, or the third sensor 43 is disposed on the driving assembly 2 through a mounting frame.
Wherein, the measuring instrument may vibrate during operation, the first sensor 41, the second sensor 42 and the third sensor 43 are all connected with the measuring instrument through the mounting bracket. The degree of fit of mounting bracket and sensor is higher, prevents that the sensor from breaking away from the mounting bracket, increases the stability of sensor, even, when the measuring apparatu took place to vibrate, the sensor also can normal use.
Specifically, drive assembly 2 includes support body 21, motor 22 and transmission 23, and transmission 23 one end and support body 21 fixed connection, and the other end of transmission 23 and support 1 move and connect, and motor 22 is located support body 21, and motor 22 and transmission 23 connect.
Wherein, the motor 22 of the driving component 2 operates, the motor 22 drives the transmission device 23 to operate, the transmission device 23 drives the support 1 to move, and the support 1 drives the measuring component 3 to measure the data of the measured gear. Wherein, the frame body 21 supports the motor 22 and the transmission device 23.
Specifically, the first slider 32 and the second slider 33 are both provided with a handle 39, the handle 39 is connected with the first measuring needle 34 and the second measuring needle 35, and the handle 39 is operated to enable the first measuring needle 34 and the second measuring needle 35 to be unfolded.
The invention also provides a measuring method, based on a coordinate system, a point O on the installation axis of the measured gear is taken as a coordinate origin, a longitudinal coordinate Y axis is formed by connecting the origin O and the reference circle tooth thickness midpoint C of the measured gear, wherein the Y axis is vertical to the installation axis of the measured gear, the origin O is vertical to the longitudinal coordinate Y axis and the installation axis of the measured gear is taken as a transverse coordinate X axis,
for any point k (S) on two sides of the gear tooth of the gear to be measured kh ，Y k )，
According to equation 1:
calculate r k Wherein r is k The distance between the point k and the center of the base circle of the gear to be measured is taken as the distance;
according to equation 2:
calculating the pressure angle alpha of the point k k Wherein α is k The direction of the positive pressure applied to the point k and the speed of the point k;
according to equation 3:
calculating out the theoretical involute characteristic value phi of the point k k Wherein phi is k The included angle between a connecting line of the point k and the center of the base circle of the gear to be measured and a vertical line;
wherein S is kh Half tooth thickness of point k, Y k Is the radial coordinate dimension of point k, r b The radius of a base circle of the gear to be measured;
the measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1, a first measuring needle 34 and a second measuring needle 35 respectively conduct intensive scanning from tooth roots to tooth tops on two sides of a gear tooth of a measured gear, and a third measuring needle 37 records a corresponding radial coordinate size Y kL And Y kR The first stylus 34 obtains a set of points k (S) khL ，Y kL ) The second stylus 35 obtains a set of points k (S) khR ，Y kR )；
S2. A set of points k (S) obtained for the first stylus 34 khL ，Y kL ) Calculating theoretical involute characteristic value phi of a group of points k according to formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3 k Selecting the maximum value as phi 1 Selecting the minimum value to be phi 2 ；
S3, according to a formula 4: s. the bhL1 ＝r b *sin(Φ 1 ) Equation 5: y is bL1 ＝r b *cosΦ 1 Equation 6: s bhL2 ＝r b *sin(Φ 2 ) And equation 7: y is bL2 ＝r b *cosΦ 2 Calculate S bhL1 、S bhL2 、Y bL1 And Y bL2 Wherein S is bhL1 Half tooth thickness, Y, of point 1 on the base circle of the gear to be measured bL1 Is the radial dimension of point 1 on the base circle of the gear to be measured, S bhL2 Half tooth thickness, Y, of point 2 on the base circle of the gear to be measured bL2 The radial size of a point 2 on the base circle of the gear to be measured;
s4, according to a formula 8:
calculating the error of the shape of the tooth profile (Deltaf) on one side fL Error of profile shape on the other side of two Δ f fR A set of points k (S) obtained using the second stylus 35 khR ，Y kR ) Calculating the error of the tooth profile shape on the other side, namely the error of the tooth profile shape on the other side, according to the steps S1, S2 and S3 fR ；
And S5, combining the measured data of one side with the measured data of the other side to obtain an actual gear tooth thickness value, and comparing the actual gear tooth thickness value with the backlash-free gear thickness to obtain the gear thickness deviation. The data at the two sides are combined to obtain the complete actual gear tooth shape of the measured gear, and the one-time comprehensive measurement of the left and right tooth profile shapes and the gear tooth thickness of the gear teeth is realized.
In a coordinate system, for a specific measured gear, the measured gear with the origin O as the base circle center has a backlash-free designed tooth profile, the tooth profile of the measured gear is completely symmetrical to the Y axis, the position and the shape of the tooth profile are unique, the actual tooth profiles on two sides measured in the coordinate system are also called the Y axis, and the shape and the direction of the actual tooth profiles are consistent with those of the designed tooth profile, so that the tooth profile error of the tooth profile can be obtained by comparing theory and reality.
Specifically, the first measuring pin 34 and the second measuring pin 35 respectively move from tooth roots to tooth tops of two sides of a gear tooth of the gear to be measured, in the moving process, the third measuring pin 37 records corresponding radial coordinate data, the data acquisition assembly 4 performs data acquisition, the first measuring pin 34 and the second measuring pin 35 respectively obtain half tooth thickness and radial coordinate size data of a group of points k, and data obtained by the first measuring pin 34 are determined according to tooth profile shapesThe shape error measuring method includes calculating the measured data to obtain the shape error of the tooth profile on the tooth side of the gear to be measured fL And for the data obtained by the second measuring pin 35, according to the method for measuring the tooth profile shape error, calculating the measured data to finally obtain the tooth profile shape error two delta f on the other side of the measured gear fR Then, the tooth profile shape error is combined with a central line of the theoretical gear profile as a reference fL And tooth profile shape error of two Δ f fR And obtaining the error in the direction of the gear teeth of the measured gear, namely obtaining the tooth profile position error of the gear teeth of the measured gear, thereby obtaining the tooth profile error of the gear teeth of the measured gear. The tooth profile errors of the two sides of the gear teeth of the gear to be measured can be completely measured and calculated by simultaneously measuring and calculating the tooth profile errors of the two sides of the gear teeth of the gear to be measured through the first measuring pin 34 and the second measuring pin 35, the tooth profile errors and the tooth thickness deviations of the two sides of the gear teeth can be measured by using the two measuring pins only through once positioning, and the measuring precision is high.
Example 2
With reference to fig. 1-4, in the positioning assembly 6 of the present embodiment, compared with the technical solution of embodiment 1, the positioning assembly 6 includes a laser 63, and the laser 63 is disposed on the top of the bracket 1.
Specifically, the centering block 38 can be adopted for centering and positioning of the small gear, but because the size of the centering block 38 is fixed, the centering blocks 38 with different sizes are often required to be replaced when the large gear is centered and positioned, the operation is quite complicated, and for the ultra-large gear, the measurement cannot be carried out by a common method. The third measuring pin 37 is located at the center between the first measuring pin 34 and the second measuring pin 35 and is overlapped with the axis of the angle adjuster 31, so that the rotation of the angle adjuster 31 is ensured without influencing the position of the third measuring pin 37, and the positioning precision is ensured.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A measuring method is characterized in that the measuring method is based on a coordinate system, one point O on the installation axis of a measured gear is used as a coordinate origin, and a longitudinal coordinate Y axis is formed by connecting the origin O and the reference circle tooth thickness midpoint C of the measured gear, wherein the Y axis is vertical to the installation axis of the measured gear, and the origin O is vertical to the longitudinal coordinate Y axis and the installation axis of the measured gear and is used as a transverse coordinate X axis;
for any point k (S) on two sides of the gear tooth of the gear to be measured kh ，Y k )，
According to equation 1:
calculate r k Wherein r is k The distance between the point k and the center of the base circle of the gear to be measured is taken as the distance;
according to equation 2:
calculating the pressure angle alpha of the point k k Wherein α is k The included angle between the direction of the positive pressure force applied to the point k and the speed direction of the point k is formed;
according to equation 3:
calculating out theoretical involute characteristic value phi of point k k Wherein phi is k Is a connecting line between the point k and the center of the base circle of the gear to be measured and a vertical lineThe included angle of (A);
wherein S is kh Half tooth thickness of point k, Y k Is the radial coordinate dimension of point k, r b The radius of a base circle of the gear to be measured;
the measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out dense scanning on a first measuring pin and a second measuring pin from tooth roots to tooth items on two sides of a gear tooth of a measured gear respectively, and recording corresponding radial coordinate dimension Y by a third measuring pin kL And Y kR The first and third styli obtain a set of points k (S) khL ，Y kL ) The second stylus and the third stylus obtain a set of points k (S) khR ，Y kR )；
S2. For a set of points k (S) obtained for the first stylus khL ，Y kL ) Calculating theoretical involute characteristic value phi of a group of points k according to formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3 k Selecting the maximum value as phi 1 Selecting the minimum value to be phi 2 ；
S3, according to a formula 4: s bhL1 ＝r b *sin(Φ 1 ) Equation 5: y is bL1 ＝r b *cosΦ 1 Equation 6: s bhL2 ＝r b *sin(Φ 2 ) And equation 7: y is bL2 ＝r b *cosΦ 2 Calculate S bhL1 、S bhL2 、Y bL1 And Y bL2 Wherein S is bhL1 Half tooth thickness, Y, of point 1 on the base circle of the gear to be measured bL1 Is the radial dimension of point 1 on the base circle of the gear to be measured, S bhL2 Half tooth thickness, Y, of point 2 on the base circle of the gear to be measured bL2 The radial size of a point 2 on the base circle of the gear to be measured;
s4, according to a formula 8:
calculating the error of the shape of the tooth profile (Deltaf) on one side fL Error of profile shape on the other side of two Δ f fR A set of points k (S) obtained using a second stylus khR ，Y kR ) Calculating the error of the tooth profile shape on the other side, namely two delta f according to the steps S1, S2 and S3 fR ；
S5, combining the measured data of one side with the measured data of the other side to obtain the actual tooth thickness value of the gear teeth, and comparing the actual tooth thickness value with the tooth thickness without backlash to obtain the tooth thickness deviation;
a surveying instrument according to a surveying method, comprising:
the measuring assembly comprises an angle adjuster, a first sliding block and a second sliding block are respectively arranged on two sides of the angle adjuster, a first measuring pin is arranged on the first sliding block, a second measuring pin is arranged on the second sliding block, a third measuring pin is arranged between the first measuring pin and the second measuring pin, and the third measuring pin is connected to the angle adjuster in a sliding manner;
the driving assembly is connected with the angle adjuster;
the positioning assembly is used for positioning the gear to be measured;
the data acquisition assembly is connected with the first measuring probe, the second measuring probe and the third measuring probe;
and the terminal is connected with the data acquisition assembly.
2. A method of measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gauge further comprises a bracket, one end of the bracket being connected to the drive assembly and the other end of the bracket being connected to the angle adjuster.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the positioning assembly comprises a centering block, and the centering block is sleeved outside the third measuring pin.
4. A method of measurement according to claim 2, wherein the positioning assembly comprises a laser, the laser being provided on top of the support.
5. The measuring method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the measuring assembly further comprises a measuring head body, the measuring head body is sleeved outside the first sliding block and the second sliding block, the measuring head body is connected with the angle adjuster, and the third measuring pin is located inside the measuring head body.
6. A method of measurement according to claim 5, wherein the data acquisition assembly comprises a first sensor, a second sensor and a third sensor;
the first sensor is connected with the first measuring pin, the second sensor is connected with the second measuring pin, the third sensor is connected with the third measuring pin, and the first sensor, the second sensor and the third sensor are connected with the terminal.
7. A measuring method according to claim 6, wherein the first sensor is mounted to one side of the probe body by a mounting bracket, the second sensor is mounted to the other side of the probe body by a mounting bracket, and the third sensor is mounted to an end of the probe body remote from the angle adjuster by a mounting bracket, or the third sensor is mounted to the drive assembly by a mounting bracket.
8. The measuring method according to claim 2, wherein the driving assembly comprises a frame body, a motor and a transmission device, one end of the transmission device is fixedly connected with the frame body, the other end of the transmission device is movably connected with the support, the motor is located on the frame body, and the motor is connected with the transmission device.
9. A measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the first slider and the second slider are each provided with a handle, and the handles are connected to the first measuring pin and the second measuring pin.
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