CN109886949B - Straight spur gear multi-parameter evaluation method based on machine vision - Google Patents
Straight spur gear multi-parameter evaluation method based on machine vision Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a straight spur gear multi-parameter evaluation method based on machine vision, which comprises the following steps: obtaining Z tooth straight-tooth cylindrical gear profile through image processing, obtaining accurate profile of the straight-tooth cylindrical gear and center coordinates of a shaft hole of the straight-tooth cylindrical gear by adopting function programming in a virtual instrument LabVIEW, making a detection line at every other degree to obtain 360 tooth profile edge point information, solving distances from tooth profiles to the center of the shaft hole to form arrays, wherein the average value of the front Z values in ascending order arrangement of the arrays is the diameter of an addendum circle, the average value of the rear Z values is the diameter of a dedendum circle, finding out the same-side edge points of each tooth profile and a reference circle to obtain intersection point coordinates of Z same-side tooth profiles, and calculating through a formula to obtain single tooth pitch deviation fptThe invention has the advantages that: the interface is friendly, the functions are easy to expand, the operation is convenient and visual, and the detection efficiency and the detection precision can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a multi-parameter evaluation method of a straight spur gear, in particular to a multi-parameter evaluation method of a straight spur gear based on machine vision.
Background
The traditional gear parameter inspection method is contact type inspection, the method is time-consuming and single in inspection parameter, different parameters need to be measured by different inspection tools, the workload is high, and the technical requirements on measurement personnel are high. In order to overcome the defects, a virtual instrument technology, an image processing technology and a machine vision technology are combined, LabVIEW software is used as a development platform, multi-parameter detection is carried out on the spur gear, the detection efficiency and the detection precision are improved, and the method has practical application value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a straight spur gear multi-parameter evaluation method based on machine vision. The assessment method has the advantages of friendly interface, visualization, easy expansion, high efficiency and convenient operation; the collected data can be automatically stored and replayed, and the parameters of the straight toothed spur gear can be visually evaluated.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a straight spur gear multi-parameter evaluation method based on machine vision is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining high-quality shot pictures by a camera arranged on a workbench, storing the collected images in a computer, reading the stored images during evaluation, obtaining a straight toothed spur gear profile with Z teeth in total by image processing, selecting a straight toothed spur gear shaft hole profile annular area as the straight toothed spur gear profile is not in an ideal state profile, making a centripetal detection line every other degree from outside to inside, taking the intersection point of the detection lines and the images as a straight toothed spur gear shaft hole edge detection point, selecting an edge intensity threshold value, removing a grooved part in the images to obtain K straight toothed spur gear shaft hole edge detection points except key grooves to form an array, performing least square method circle fitting on the K edge detection points to obtain the circle center coordinates and the radius values of the straight toothed spur gear shaft hole, wherein the functions can be realized by a function in a virtual instrument LabVIEW, after the central coordinates of the shaft hole are obtained, translating the straight-tooth cylindrical gear to the center of the image by using an IMAQ Shift image translation function in LabVIEW;
step two: selecting a tooth profile annular area, making a detection line every other one degree to obtain 360 tooth profile edge point information, obtaining tooth profile edge point coordinates through a function in a virtual instrument LabVIEW, and solving the distance between the 360 tooth profile edge points and the axle hole center coordinates to obtain an array m1[360 ] for accurate evaluation because the axle hole center is the reference of a straight-tooth cylindrical gear]The array m1[360 ]]The array m2 is obtained by sorting from big to small (360)]Number group m2[360 ]]The average value of the previous Z data is used as the radius r of the addendum circleaDiameter d of addendum circleaIs 2raThen, the array m2[360 ]]The array m3[360 ] is obtained by sorting from small to large]Number group m3[360 ]]The mean value of the preceding Z data is taken as the root circle radius rfRoot diameter dfIs 2rf；
Step three: deviation f of individual tooth pitchptThe evaluation method is that the radius of the reference circle can be obtained by the formula r ═ mz/2, the center of the shaft hole is used as the center of the circle, and the radius r of the reference circle is used as the reference circle, becauseThe edge is the boundary of a region with violently changed gray in an image, the gray of the intersection point of each tooth profile and a reference circle is changed, LabVIEW function IMAQ ROIProfile function is used for obtaining the information of the edge, IMAQ single edge function is accessed, all edge point information on a reference circle detection line is detected, each tooth thickness left side tooth profile and the reference circle are provided with two points a1 and b1, each tooth thickness right side tooth profile and the reference circle are provided with two points c1 and d1, each Z tooth has 4Z points which are intersected with the reference circle, and for accurate evaluation, an array intercepting method is used for obtaining the edge point information a of the Z tooth profiles on the same side1(x1,y1),a2(x2,y2)......,az(xz,yz) The radius r of the reference circle is known, and two adjacent points a1(x1,y1),a2(x2,y2) The length of the reference circle minor arc is tooth pitch rho, a formula (1) is calculated, a formula (2) is deduced according to the relation of trigonometric functions, and the data of the total measured Z tooth pitch are stored into an array a [ Z ] Z]Sequentially subtracting the theoretical pitch pi m, and taking the maximum difference as a single pitch deviation fpt；
ρ＝θ＊r........................................(1)
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the multi-parameter addendum circle diameter, dedendum circle diameter and tooth pitch of the straight-tooth cylindrical gear are evaluated, the interface is friendly, the function is easy to expand, the operation is convenient, the visualization is realized, and the detection efficiency and the detection precision can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the tooth profile edge detection annular zone of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the intersection of the edge of the inventive tooth profile with the pitch circle.
FIG. 3 is a single pitch deviation f of the present inventionptFigure (a).
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the present invention will be more clearly and clearly defined.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a method for evaluating multiple parameters of a spur gear based on machine vision is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining high-quality shot pictures by a camera arranged on a workbench, storing the collected images in a computer, reading the stored images during evaluation, obtaining a straight toothed spur gear profile with Z teeth in total by image processing, selecting a straight toothed spur gear shaft hole profile annular area as the straight toothed spur gear profile is not in an ideal state profile, making a centripetal detection line every other degree from outside to inside, taking the intersection point of the detection lines and the images as a straight toothed spur gear shaft hole edge detection point, selecting an edge intensity threshold value, removing a grooved part in the images to obtain K straight toothed spur gear shaft hole edge detection points except key grooves to form an array, performing least square method circle fitting on the K edge detection points to obtain the circle center coordinates and the radius values of the straight toothed spur gear shaft hole, wherein the functions can be realized by a function in a virtual instrument LabVIEW, after the central coordinates of the shaft hole are obtained, translating the straight-tooth cylindrical gear to the center of the image by using an IMAQ Shift image translation function in LabVIEW;
step two: selecting a tooth profile annular area, making a detection line every other one degree to obtain 360 tooth profile edge point information, obtaining tooth profile edge point coordinates through a function in a virtual instrument LabVIEW, and solving the distance between the 360 tooth profile edge points and the axle hole center coordinates to obtain an array m1[360 ] for accurate evaluation because the axle hole center is the reference of a straight-tooth cylindrical gear]The array m1[360 ]]The array m2 is obtained by sorting from big to small (360)]Number group m2[360 ]]The average value of the previous Z data is used as the radius r of the addendum circleaDiameter d of addendum circleaIs 2raThen, the array m2[360 ]]The array m3[360 ] is obtained by sorting from small to large]Number group m3[360 ]]The mean value of the preceding Z data is taken as the root circle radius rfRoot diameter dfIs 2rf；
Step three: sheetDeviation of tooth pitch fptThe evaluation method is that the radius of the reference circle can be calculated by a formula r ═ mz/2, the center of the shaft hole is taken as the center of the shaft hole, the radius r of the reference circle is taken as the reference circle, the edge is the boundary of the area with violent change of gray level in the image, the gray level of the intersection point of each tooth profile and the reference circle is changed, the LabVIEW function IMAQ ROIProfile function is used for obtaining the information of the edge, the IMAQ simple edge function is accessed, all the edge point information on the detection line of the reference circle is detected, the left tooth profile and the reference circle of each tooth thickness have two points a1 and b1, the right tooth profile and the reference circle have two points c1 and d1, the Z teeth have 4Z points which are intersected with the reference circle, and for accurate evaluation, an array intercepting method is used for obtaining the edge point information a of the tooth profiles of the Z same side1(x1,y1),a2(x2,y2)......,az(xz,yz) The radius r of the reference circle is known, and two adjacent points a1(x1,y1),a2(x2,y2) The length of the reference circle minor arc is tooth pitch rho, a formula (1) is calculated, a formula (2) is deduced according to the relation of trigonometric functions, and the data of the total measured Z tooth pitch are stored into an array a [ Z ] Z]Sequentially subtracting the theoretical pitch pi m, and taking the maximum difference as a single pitch deviation fpt；
ρ＝θ＊r.....................(I)
Without being limited thereto, any changes or substitutions that are not thought of through the inventive work should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A straight spur gear multi-parameter evaluation method based on machine vision is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining high-quality shot pictures by a camera arranged on a workbench, storing the collected images in a computer, reading the stored images during evaluation, obtaining a straight toothed spur gear profile with Z teeth in total by image processing, selecting a straight toothed spur gear shaft hole profile annular area as the straight toothed spur gear profile is not in an ideal state profile, making a centripetal detection line every other degree from outside to inside, taking the intersection point of the detection lines and the images as a straight toothed spur gear shaft hole edge detection point, selecting an edge intensity threshold value, removing a grooved part in the images to obtain K straight toothed spur gear shaft hole edge detection points except key grooves to form an array, performing least square circle fitting on the K edge detection points to obtain a straight toothed spur gear shaft hole center coordinate and a radius value, obtaining a shaft hole center coordinate, and then using an IMAQ Shift image translation function in LabVIEW, translating the spur gear to the center of the image;
step two: selecting a tooth profile annular area, making a detection line every other one degree to obtain 360 tooth profile edge point information, obtaining tooth profile edge point coordinates through a function in a virtual instrument LabVIEW, and solving the distance between the 360 tooth profile edge points and the axle hole center coordinates to obtain an array m1[360 ] for accurate evaluation because the axle hole center is the reference of a straight-tooth cylindrical gear]The array m1[360 ]]The array m2 is obtained by sorting from big to small (360)]Number group m2[360 ]]The average value of the previous Z data is used as the radius r of the addendum circleaDiameter d of addendum circleaIs 2raThen, the array m2[360 ]]The array m3[360 ] is obtained by sorting from small to large]Number group m3[360 ]]The mean value of the preceding Z data is taken as the root circle radius rfRoot diameter dfIs 2rf；
Step three: deviation f of individual tooth pitchptThe evaluation method is that the reference circle radius can be calculated by a formula r of mz/2, the center of a shaft hole is taken as the center of the shaft hole, the reference circle radius r is taken as the reference circle, the edge is the boundary of a region with violent change of gray in an image, the gray of the intersection point of each tooth profile and the reference circle is changed, the LabVIEW function IMAQ ROIProfile function is used for obtaining the information of the edge, the IMAQ single edge function is accessed, all the edge point information on the detection line of the reference circle is detected, the left tooth profile of each tooth thickness and the reference circle have two points a1 and b1, the right tooth profile of the tooth thickness and the reference circle have two points c1 and d1,the Z teeth have 4Z points which are intersected with the reference circle, and for accurate evaluation, the edge point coordinates a of Z homonymous tooth profiles are obtained by using an index array function in LabVIEW by using an array intercepting method1(x1,y1),a2(x2,y2)......,az(xz,yz) The radius r of the reference circle is known, and two adjacent points ai-1(xi-1,yi-1),ai(xi,yi) The minor arc length of the reference circle is pitch piI is 1 … … Z, formula (2) is derived from the relation of trigonometric functions according to formula (1), and the total measured Z tooth pitch data is stored in the array a [ Z]Sequentially subtracting the theoretical tooth pitch pi m, wherein m is a modulus, and taking the maximum difference as a single tooth pitch deviation fpt；
pi＝θi*r....................(1)
Wherein in the formula (1) thetaiIs two adjacent points ai-1(xi-1,yi-1),ai(xi,yi) Line 0a connecting with axle hole center 0i-1、0aiThe included angle of (a).
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