CN101339009A - Gear cylinder or ball measurement method and system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a gear column or sphere measuring method and a system thereof. The method and the system are used for measuring an involute spur gear. The system initiates software achieving the method which comprises an image system and a data processing system. The data processing system comprises a CPU, an input device connected with the CPU by means of signal, a memory, a monitor, an output interface. The image system is connected with the CPU by means of signal. The method includes the following steps: the image system is used for inputting the outline of the gear to the coordinate system of the data processing system; two adjacent tooth top corresponding points, one tooth root point between the two points and another tooth top point are selected; the coordinates of the selected points are acquired; the coordinates of the center, the spanned tooth count and other gear parameters of the gear are computed; the outline of the gear is fitted; a base circle is drawn; the origin of a survey coordinate system coincides with the center of the gear; a spanned pin measurement sphere is supposed for measuring spanned pin distance; gear teeth are selected, and the measurement result is output. The method and the system provided by the invention significantly improve the accuracy of measurement of gears and measurement efficiency, which are used simply and conveniently.

Description

Gear cylinder or ball measurement method and system

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of gear tooth parameter measurement system, also relate to the method for using this systematic survey gear, more particularly, relate to a kind of gear cylinder or ball measurement method and system.

Background technology

Gear is the indispensable strength member of plant equipment, and the precision of gear is the most basic factor of decision machinery and equipment precision.In order to guarantee the manufacturing accuracy of gear, accurate gear manufacturing equipment and production technology not only will be arranged, also need accurate gear tooth parameter measurement method, have only by accurate prototype gear size, grasp the deviation that Gear Production exists, the control gear production technology guarantees that the manufacturing accuracy of gear meets design requirement effectively.

In numerous parameters of gear, transverse tooth thickness is the reference circle arc length between the both sides flank profil of a tooth on the gear face, is important gear parameter, and transverse tooth thickness is striden pin apart from significant to assurance Gear Processing precision with striding pin apart from estimating, accurately measuring usually.

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, for a long time, the pin distance of striding of gear 2 is to adopt special-purpose micrometer and round pin to stride 1 to measure.For utilization gear the most widely in this machine in normal service equipment of involute spur gear, its measurement of striding the pin distance remains at present to be adopted micrometer and round pin to stride to carry out, and there is following shortcoming in this traditional measuring method:

1, Zhuan Yong surveying instrument costliness, using method complexity, measuring accuracy are generally in 10 microns;

2, by manually measuring, because of the skills involved in the labour reason and the operation reason of survey crew, the error that measurement result exists artifact to bring;

3, the measurement of a parameter needs a plurality of operation stepss just can finish, and measuring speed is slow, and efficient is low;

4, stride the indirect measurement of being measured as of pin distance, accuracy is relatively poor;

5, measure the cylinder or the ball of striding the pin distance, be difficult for obtaining, cost an arm and a leg.

Summary of the invention

One of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, a kind of gear cylinder or ball measurement method are provided, and overcomes prior art and carries out involute spur gear and stride the artificial measuring error that pin exists when measuring, and improves involute spur gear transverse tooth thickness measuring accuracy and efficiency of measurement.

Two of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, a kind of gear cylinder or ball measuring system are provided, and realizes that above-mentioned measuring method measures spur gear and stride the pin distance, overcomes the artificial measuring error that prior art exists, and improves measuring accuracy and efficiency of measurement.

The present invention solves the technical scheme that one of its technical matters adopts: a kind of gear cylinder or ball measurement method are provided, be used to measure involute spur gear, it is characterized in that, described method utilizes following video system to realize with data handling system: described data handling system comprise central processing unit, with input media, storer, monitor and output interface that this central processing unit signal is connected, described video system is connected with described central processing unit signal; Described method comprises the steps:

S1, with video system axial orthogonal projection profile input data processing system coordinate system with at least two teeth of gear to be measured;

S2, with input media at a tooth root point and another tooth end of gear shaft between each tooth top corresponding point of choosing adjacent two teeth on the orthogonal projection profile, these two tooth ends, the coordinate of the point that the data handling system seizure is selected;

S3, use selected point coordinate Calculation gear central coordinate of circle, the number of teeth, modulus, base circle diameter (BCD) and other gear parameters, match gear profile line overlaps the data handling system coordinate origin with the gear center of circle;

S4, virtual ball/cylinder are put into corresponding teeth groove of prototype gear and the position tangent with the teeth groove both sides with this ball/cylinder, and data handling system is caught two ball coordinates, calculates and strides the pin distance;

S5, select to stride the pin distance with input media, the data that the data handling system output gear is measured.

In gear cylinder of the present invention or ball measurement method, when measuring outer rotor, described virtual ball/body diameter is 1.728 times of modules; When measuring annular wheel, described virtual ball/body diameter is 1.44 times of modules.

In gear cylinder of the present invention or ball measurement method, step S2 chooses the tooth end more than 4 or 4.

In gear cylinder of the present invention or ball measurement method, in step S5, comprise that choosing two strides the pin distance in the direction of the clock or counterclockwise with input media.

In gear cylinder of the present invention or ball measurement method, between step S4 and step S5, comprise data handling system with the gear of measuring stride pin apart from system in standard stride pin apart from relatively, acquisition is striden pin apart from deviation, compare apart from tolerance apart from the pin of striding in deviation and the system striding pin, estimate the step of accuracy of gear grade.

Two technical schemes that adopted that the present invention solves its technical matters are: construct a kind of gear cylinder or ball measuring system, be used to measure involute spur gear, it is characterized in that: described system comprises video system and data handling system, described data handling system comprise central processing unit, with input media, storer, monitor and output interface that this central processing unit signal is connected, described video system is connected with described central processing unit signal; Described system intialization realizes the software of said gear cylinder or ball measurement method.

In gear cylinder of the present invention or ball measuring system, described input media is mouse or keyboard or touch-screen.

In gear cylinder of the present invention or ball measuring system, described video system and the signal of described central processing unit are connected to wireless signal and are connected or are electrically connected.

Implement gear cylinder of the present invention or ball measurement method and system, compared with the prior art, its beneficial effect is:

1. pass through the video technology with gear profile input measurement system, the virtual pin of striding is measured ball, by measuring system to the accurate match and the calculating of calculating benchmark such as gear profile and basic circle with use the virtual pin of striding to measure ball, automatically calculate and stride the pin distance accurately, eliminated artificial measuring error factor; Use system and method for the present invention to measure, precision reaches 2 microns, and the measuring accuracy of traditional measurement method only can reach 10 microns, has improved measuring accuracy greatly;

2. using system and method for the present invention to carry out a gear tooth parameter measurement only needed to finish in 1 minute, and traditional measurement method needs about 30 minutes, has improved efficiency of measurement greatly.

Description of drawings

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, in the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is that existing special-purpose micrometer and round pin are striden the front view that the measurement annular wheel is striden the pin distance.

Fig. 2 is that existing special-purpose micrometer and round pin are striden the front view of measuring outer rotor Kua Pins distance.

Fig. 3 is that definite gear basic parameter seizure point is chosen synoptic diagram in gear cylinder of the present invention or the ball measurement method.

Fig. 4 is gear cylinder of the present invention or ball measuring system synoptic diagram.

Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram of gear cylinder of the present invention or a kind of embodiment of ball measurement method.

Fig. 6 is that even number tooth outer rotor Kua Pins is apart from measuring principle figure.

Fig. 7 is that odd number tooth outer rotor Kua Pins is apart from measuring principle figure.

Fig. 8 is that even number tooth annular wheel Kua Pins is apart from measuring principle figure.

Fig. 9 is that odd number tooth annular wheel Kua Pins is apart from measuring principle figure.

Figure 10 is that outer rotor is striden Pins apart from measuring principle figure one in gear cylinder of the present invention or the ball measurement method.

Figure 11 is that outer rotor is striden Pins apart from measuring principle figure two in gear cylinder of the present invention or the ball measurement method.

Figure 12 is that the virtual pin of striding is measured the ball instrumentation plan in gear cylinder of the present invention or the ball measurement method.

Embodiment

Gear cylinder of the present invention or ball measurement method and system realize the gear basic parameter of involute spur gear (comprising outer rotor and annular wheel) and the measurement that gear is striden the pin distance.

Gear cylinder of the present invention or ball measurement method are realized by gear cylinder of the present invention or ball measuring system as shown in Figure 4.As shown in Figure 4, this system comprises video system 4 and data handling system 5, data handling system 5 comprises central processing unit 51, the input media 52, the storer 53 that is electrically connected with central processing unit 51, monitor 54 and the output interface 55 that are connected with central processing unit 51 electrical connections or wireless signal, video system 4 is electrically connected with central processing unit 51 or wireless signal is connected, and presets the software of realizing following gear cylinder or ball measurement method in this system.

Input media includes but not limited to input equipments such as mouse, keyboard, touch-screen.

The flow process of gear cylinder of the present invention or a kind of embodiment of ball measurement method as shown in Figure 5, this embodiment comprises:

Step 16: with the coordinate system of video system 4 with the axial orthogonal projection profile input data processing system 5 of gear 2 to be measured.Video system 4 obtains the profile of gear 2 by the video technology, and video technology and video system are existing proven technique.

Present embodiment is with the complete axial orthogonal projection profile input data processing system 5 of gear 2.In other embodiments, can only import, shown in Fig. 6 waits for the axial orthogonal projection profile of measuring several gear teeth of striding the pin distance.

Step 27: as shown in Figure 3, with input media at tooth root point 23 and another tooth end 24 chosen on the gear 2 axial orthogonal projection profiles between each tooth top corresponding point 21,22 (point of tooth top same position) of adjacent two teeth, these two tooth ends 21,22, the coordinate of the above-mentioned selected point of data handling system 5 seizure.

Step 38: the coordinate that uses selected point, calculate gear parameters such as tip diameter, root diameter, the number of teeth, modulus, gear central coordinate of circle, generating circle diameter, according to parameters such as fixed involute spur gear addendum coefficient, height of teeth root coefficient pressure angles, match gear profile line, draw basic circle, the data handling system coordinate origin is overlapped with the gear center of circle.

Tip diameter define several different methods, as adopt following recurrence circle algorithm:

Setting the point circle equation is: x ²-2Ax+y ²-2By-C=0

Its central coordinate of circle is: (A, B)

Radius of addendum is:

Because the quadratic nonlinearity equation is difficult for doing least square fitting, makes z=x ²+ y ², equation can be converted into the linear function form, then i tooth end to the error of point circle is: δ _i=z _i-2Ax _i-2By _iAs long as-C make approach point circle to the quadratic sum of each tooth end distance of choosing for minimum, just can guarantee that this point circle is for best round.

Because:

${Q=\mathrm{\δ}}^2=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{(z_i-2A{x}_i-2B{y}_i-C)}^2$

By the rule of asking extreme value as can be known, if the Q minimum then must be had:

$\frac{\∂Q}{\∂A}=\frac{\∂Q}{\∂B}=\frac{\∂Q}{\∂C}=0$

So have:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}\frac{\∂Q}{\∂A}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}2(z_i-2A{x}_i-2B{y}_i-C)(-2x_i)=0\\ \frac{\∂Q}{\∂B}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}2(z_i-2A{x}_i-2B{y}_i-C)(-2y_i)=0\\ \frac{\∂Q}{\∂C}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}2(z_i-2A{x}_i-2B{y}_i-C)(-1)=0\end{array}\right.$

Being organized into normal equations is:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}A\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="x\; i"\; filenames="A20071007580300122.png,A20071007580300161.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">x</figure-callout>}}_i^{}+B\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}2x_i{y}_i+C\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{x}_i=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{x}_i{z}_i\\ A\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}2x_i{y}_i+B\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y\; i"\; filenames="A20071007580300122.png,A20071007580300161.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}_i^{}+C\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{y}_i=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{y}_i{z}_i\\ A\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}2x_i+B\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}2y_i+C\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="n"\; filenames="A20071007580300122.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">n</figure-callout>}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}1=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{z}_i\end{array}\right.$

Bring into and be no less than three tooth end coordinates of choosing, then can obtain the point circle equation and the central coordinate of circle of recurrence.

More accurate in order to make with lower gear match and calculation of parameter, can select more tooth end, as tooth end 25.When the tooth end quantity of choosing during greater than three (as 4 points, 5 points, 6 points ...), adopt above-mentioned least square method to determine point circle more accurately.

By the coordinate of tooth root point 23 and the coordinate in the point circle center of circle, can calculate root radius, thereby determine the dedendum circle parameter.

By the coordinate of tooth top corresponding point 21,22 and the coordinate in the point circle center of circle, can calculate the angle b of tooth top corresponding point 21,22 and point circle circle center line connecting, because this angle value is two, thereby select to reflect angle b between the two adjacent teeth by means of the tooth root point 23 between the tooth end 21,22.Gear number of teeth Z=2 π/b (radian) or Z=360/b (degree).

Other parameters such as module m, reference diameter d ₀, base circle diameter (BCD) d _gDeng, draw by the involute spur gear computing formula.

Step 49: as shown in figure 12, the virtual pin of striding is measured ball 3, and this ball 3 is put into corresponding teeth groove of prototype gear and the position tangent with the teeth groove both sides, and data handling system is caught two ball coordinates, calculates and strides pin apart from d _m

When the outer rotor number of teeth was even number tooth or odd number tooth, it strode pin apart from d _mMeasurement such as Fig. 6, shown in Figure 7; When the annular wheel number of teeth was even number tooth or odd number tooth, it strode pin apart from d _mMeasurement such as Fig. 8, shown in Figure 9.

When measuring outer rotor, virtual diameter of striding pin measurement ball 3 is d _p=1.728m (m is a module).When measuring annular wheel, virtual diameter of striding pin measurement ball 3 is d _p=1.44m.

With the outer rotor is example, as Figure 10, shown in Figure 11, strides pin apart from d _mMeasurement be calculated as follows:

The center of ball 3 is O _p, the rolling circle diameter is d _g, the number of teeth is z, angle between teeth is x on the basic circle, is that draw by ball 3 center O at the center with T _pInvolute urve, then can get following formula:

By triangle △ OTO _P,

$\frac{A}{2}\cos \mathrm{\&phi;}=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="d\; g"\; filenames="A20071007580300122.png,A20071007580300161.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}}_g}{2},A=\frac{d_g}{\cos \mathrm{\&phi;}}---2$

Because in the master gear

$x=\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2}-2\mathrm{inv}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0$ (α ₀Be cutter pressure angle) 3

In 1 formula

$\frac{x}{2}+\mathrm{inv\&phi;}=\frac{d_p}{d_g}$

Substitution 3 formulas get

$\mathrm{inv\&phi;}=\frac{d_p}{d_g}-\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2z}+\mathrm{inv}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0=\frac{d_p}{\mathrm{mz}\cos {\text{\&alpha;}}_0}-\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2z}+\mathrm{inv}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0$

$=\frac{1}{z}(\frac{d_p}{m\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0}-\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2})+\mathrm{inv}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0$

Therefore, the standard spur gear is striden pin apart from d _mFor:

$d_m=A+d_p=\frac{\mathrm{mz}\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0}{\cos \mathrm{\&phi;}}+d_p$

In the formula, d ^pBe the diameter of ball 3, promptly stride the pin diameter

(1). for the external spur gear of involute urve:

The even number tooth $d_m=\frac{\mathrm{mz}\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0}{\cos \mathrm{\&phi;}}+d_p$

The odd number tooth

Have $\mathrm{inv\&phi;}=\frac{1}{z}(\frac{d_p}{m\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0}-\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2})+\mathrm{inv}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0$

α in the formula ₀Be pressure angle, φ strides the pin diameter d for the center pressure angle by ball 3 _p=1.728m.

(2). for connecing spur gear in the involute urve:

The even number tooth $d_m=\frac{\mathrm{mz}\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0}{\cos \mathrm{\&phi;}}-d_p$

The odd number tooth

Have $\mathrm{inv\&phi;}=\frac{1}{z}(\frac{d_p}{m\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0}-\frac{\mathrm{\&pi;}}{2})+\mathrm{inv}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_0$

α in the formula ₀Be pressure angle, φ strides the pin diameter d for the center pressure angle by ball 3 _p=1.44m.

Step 5 11: choose in the direction of the clock or counterclockwise with input media 52 gear two teeth stride the pin distance, the gear that data handling system output is measured is striden pin apart from value and other gear parameters.Can data be outputed to printer, external memory storage or external unit etc. by output port 55, also can output to monitor 54.

Above-mentioned data can be exported simultaneously, also can export respectively.

During output, data handling system is striden the pin distance according to two teeth choosing, determines the order direction of the initial tooth and the tooth of output data correspondence, makes the output result corresponding with the gear teeth.System default clockwise direction or output data counterclockwise also can be set, at this moment only need stride the pin distance, can make the output result corresponding with the gear teeth with what input media 52 was chosen an initial tooth.

In order to estimate the accuracy class of gear method joint, between step 49 and step 5 11, step 10 is set, this step data handling system is striden the pin distance with the gear of measuring and is striden pin apart from comparing with the standard in the system, acquisition is striden pin apart from deviation, compare apart from tolerance apart from the pin of striding in deviation and the system striding pin, estimate accuracy of gear grade.

Claims (8)

1, a kind of gear cylinder or ball measurement method, be used to measure involute spur gear, it is characterized in that, described method utilizes following video system to realize with data handling system: described data handling system comprise central processing unit, with input media, storer, monitor and output interface that this central processing unit signal is connected, described video system is connected with described central processing unit signal; Described method comprises the steps:

S1, with video system axial orthogonal projection profile input data processing system coordinate system with at least two teeth of gear to be measured;

S2, with input media at a tooth root point and another tooth end of gear shaft between each tooth top corresponding point of choosing adjacent two teeth on the orthogonal projection profile, these two tooth ends, the coordinate of the point that the data handling system seizure is selected;

S3, use selected point coordinate Calculation gear central coordinate of circle, the number of teeth, modulus, base circle diameter (BCD) and other gear parameters, match gear profile line overlaps the data handling system coordinate origin with the gear center of circle;

S4, virtual ball/cylinder are put into corresponding teeth groove of prototype gear and the position tangent with the teeth groove both sides with this ball/cylinder, and data handling system is caught two ball coordinates, calculates and strides the pin distance;

S5, select to stride the pin distance with input media, the data that the data handling system output gear is measured.

2, gear cylinder as claimed in claim 1 or ball measurement method is characterized in that: when measuring outer rotor, described virtual ball/body diameter is 1.728 times of modules; When measuring annular wheel, described virtual ball/body diameter is 1.44 times of modules.

3, gear cylinder as claimed in claim 1 or ball measurement method is characterized in that: step S2 chooses the tooth end more than 4 or 4.

4, gear cylinder as claimed in claim 1 or ball measurement method is characterized in that: in step S5, comprise that choosing two strides the pin distance in the direction of the clock or counterclockwise with input media.

5, as described gear cylinder of one of claim 1 to 4 or ball measurement method, it is characterized in that: between step S4 and step S5, comprise data handling system with the gear of measuring stride pin apart from system in standard stride pin apart from relatively, acquisition is striden pin apart from deviation, compare apart from tolerance apart from the pin of striding in deviation and the system striding pin, estimate the step of accuracy of gear grade.

6, a kind of gear cylinder or ball measuring system, be used to measure involute spur gear, it is characterized in that: described system comprises video system and data handling system, described data handling system comprise central processing unit, with input media, storer, monitor and output interface that this central processing unit signal is connected, described video system is connected with described central processing unit signal; Described system intialization realizes the software of described gear cylinder of claim 1 or ball measurement method.

7, gear cylinder as claimed in claim 6 or ball measuring system is characterized in that: described input media is mouse or keyboard or touch-screen.

8, gear cylinder as claimed in claim 6 or ball measuring system is characterized in that: described video system and the signal of described central processing unit are connected to wireless signal and are connected or are electrically connected.

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