CN109238200B - Method for detecting bevel gear root cone parameters - Google Patents
Method for detecting bevel gear root cone parameters Download PDFInfo
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- CN109238200B CN109238200B CN201811066363.XA CN201811066363A CN109238200B CN 109238200 B CN109238200 B CN 109238200B CN 201811066363 A CN201811066363 A CN 201811066363A CN 109238200 B CN109238200 B CN 109238200B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting bevel gear tooth root cone parameters, which realizes the detection of the root cone parameters by using a method for detecting points on a bevel gear root cone curved surface by using a three-coordinate measuring machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measuring method, in particular to a method for detecting parameters of a tooth root cone of a bevel gear.
Background
Bevel gears are important parts in a transmission system, and the parameters of root cones (tooth root cones) of the bevel gears are important tooth profile technical parameters, which influence the distribution uniformity of carburized layers at the bottoms of the teeth of the gears and further influence the overall performance index of the whole bevel gears. The detection accuracy of the bevel gear root cone parameters has great influence on the bevel gear processing: when the bevel gear is roughly machined, if the measurement is inaccurate, the allowance of finish grinding (tooth stage) is insufficient; during the fine machining of the bevel gear, if the measurement is inaccurate, a gear carburized layer can be damaged, and the bevel gear is scrapped in batches under the two conditions. The detection of the bevel gear root cone parameters is of great importance.
The root cone parameters typically include: cone angle, specified cross-sectional circle diameter, specified cross-sectional height.
At present, the bevel gear root cone parameters are detected by collecting the root characteristics of the bevel gear by using a three-coordinate measuring machine and detecting and evaluating according to a cone method. The defects can only be used for detecting finished products of workpieces, the parameter adjustment detection is not facilitated in the matching process, especially for bevel gears with 10-30 mm straight lines which are not enough to be collected at the root cone touch detection part due to small modulus or small tooth root area, in order to avoid probe interference, 1-2 teeth need to be worn destructively, and the detection purpose can be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to research a quick and accurate bevel gear root cone parameter detection method, which can avoid the damage to a gear and meet the detection requirement of parameter adjustment among working procedures.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the method for detecting the parameters of the tooth root cone of the bevel gear comprises the following steps:
(1) processing: preparing a bevel gear to be tested, and processing the gear until at least one complete tooth root exists;
(2) establishing a coordinate system: according to the requirements of design drawings, placing the gear to be measured on the basis of the principle that the number of rotation angles of a measuring head of a required three-coordinate measuring machine is minimum, collecting the reference of the gear to be measured by using the three-coordinate measuring machine, and establishing a measuring coordinate system;
(3) collecting sample points: the method comprises the steps of using a three-coordinate measuring machine to collect the function of curved surface points, selecting any processed tooth root, collecting 3 sample points on a conical section circle at the height specified by a drawing, wherein the minimum distance between each sample point and the conical section circle is not more than 5mm, and if a measuring head interferes during point collection, the minimum distance between each sample point and the conical section circle is not more than 3mm so as to determine the vector direction of a measured position of the tooth root of the bevel gear;
(4) collecting curved surface points: by the function of the automatic surface points, the machine automatically collects the surface points (x) with the minimum cosine error after the three sample points are fitted with the vector direction according to the three sample points collected manually0,y0，z0)；
(5) Re-sampling points: selecting a measuring point (x) according to the drawing requirements0,y0Z), automatically sampling point again by using a measuring machine, wherein the theoretical value after sampling point is (x)1,y1，z1) The actual value is (x)2,y2,z2) Z is a fixed designationA cross-sectional height;
(6) and (3) comparison: by collecting the actual coordinates (x) of the curved surface points2,y2,z2) Comparing the Z-axis coordinate value with the Z-axis coordinate value of the theoretical point coordinate required by the drawing, and if the Z-axis coordinate value is within 0.005mm, performing the step (7); otherwise, the theoretical coordinate value (x) of the curved surface point is measured on a three-coordinate measuring machine1,y1,z1) The method is modified according to the following principle: x is the number of1＝x0，y1＝y0，Z＝(Z-z2)×2+z1Then repeating the step (5), and comparing until the difference of the Z-axis coordinate values is within 0.005 mm;
(7) and (3) coordinate values of the curved surface points: recording the final curved surface point actual coordinates (x)2,y2,z2) And its segment is converted into polar coordinates (R)2,α2,Z2)；
(8) Sampling point, namely actual coordinates (x) of the curve point on the conical surface of the tooth root2,y2,z2) Directly collecting one point with a difference of more than 5mm in height, switching the rectangular coordinate system into a polar coordinate system, and recording the coordinate value of the point as (R)1,α1,Z1)；
(9) The final result is obtained: obtaining the diameter of a designated section circle and the height of the designated section of the measured product according to the final coordinates of the curved surface points; and calculating to obtain the final cone angle according to the polar coordinates of the two points.
The invention utilizes the method for detecting the point on the bevel gear root cone curved surface by the three-coordinate measuring machine, realizes the detection of the root cone parameter, has higher detection speed compared with the old measuring method because the invention carries out single-point characteristic evaluation, has small contact measurement area (no probe interference influence), can realize the detection only by processing a pair of teeth during the working procedure, and solves the defects that the finished product workpiece needs to be detected and the workpiece needs to be damaged for measurement. And the application of the sample points ensures the touch measurement along the surface normal direction, effectively eliminates the influence of the radius error of the probe and ensures that the measurement result is more accurate.
Detailed Description
A method of sensing bevel gear tooth root cone parameters, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) processing: preparing a bevel gear to be tested, and processing the gear until at least one complete tooth root exists;
(2) establishing a coordinate system: according to the requirements of design drawings, placing the gear to be measured on the basis of the principle that the number of rotation angles of a measuring head of a required three-coordinate measuring machine is minimum, collecting the reference of the gear to be measured by using the three-coordinate measuring machine, and establishing a measuring coordinate system;
(3) collecting sample points: the method comprises the steps of using a three-coordinate measuring machine to collect the function of curved surface points, selecting any processed tooth root, collecting 3 sample points on a conical section circle at the height specified by a drawing, wherein the minimum distance between each sample point and the conical section circle is not more than 5mm, and if a measuring head interferes during point collection, the minimum distance between each sample point and the conical section circle is not more than 3mm so as to determine the vector direction of a measured position of the tooth root of the bevel gear;
(4) collecting curved surface points: by the function of the automatic surface points, the machine automatically collects the surface points (x) with the minimum cosine error after the three sample points are fitted with the vector direction according to the three sample points collected manually0,y0，z0)；
(5) Re-sampling points: selecting a measuring point (x) according to the drawing requirements0,y0Z), automatically sampling point again by using a measuring machine, wherein the theoretical value after sampling point is (x)1,y1，z1) The actual value is (x)2,y2,z2) Z is a fixed specified section height;
(6) and (3) comparison: by collecting the actual coordinates (x) of the curved surface points2,y2,z2) Comparing the Z-axis coordinate value with the Z-axis coordinate value of the theoretical point coordinate required by the drawing, and if the Z-axis coordinate value is within 0.005mm, performing the step (7); otherwise, the theoretical coordinate value (x) of the curved surface point is measured on a three-coordinate measuring machine1,y1,z1) The method is modified according to the following principle: x is the number of1＝x0，y1＝y0，Z＝(Z-z2)×2+z1Then repeating the step (5), and comparing until the difference of the Z-axis coordinate values is within 0.005 mm;
(7) and (3) coordinate values of the curved surface points: note the bookRecording the final actual coordinates (x) of the surface points2,y2,z2) And its segment is converted into polar coordinates (R)2,α2,Z2)；
(8) Sampling point, namely actual coordinates (x) of the curve point on the conical surface of the tooth root2,y2,z2) Directly collecting one point with a difference of more than 5mm in height, switching the rectangular coordinate system into a polar coordinate system, and recording the coordinate value of the point as (R)1,α1,Z1)；
(9) The final result is obtained: obtaining the diameter of a designated section circle and the height of the designated section of the measured product according to the final coordinates of the curved surface points; and calculating to obtain the final cone angle according to the polar coordinates of the two points.
Examples
A conical gear for aviation products is provided, and parts are in blank states. The drawing indicates that the designated height is 10mm and the cone angle is 69 DEG 4 '16', and the diameter of the root section circle is measured at 10mm height, phi 225.677 mm. The gear is required to be measured to obtain a final taper angle, a specified section circle diameter and a specified section height value.
The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) processing: preparing a bevel gear to be tested, and processing the gear until at least one complete tooth root exists;
(2) establishing a coordinate system: according to the requirements of design drawings, placing the gear to be measured on the basis of the principle that the number of rotation angles of a measuring head of a required three-coordinate measuring machine is minimum, collecting the reference of the gear to be measured by using the three-coordinate measuring machine, and establishing a measuring coordinate system;
(3) collecting sample points: the method comprises the steps of applying a function of collecting curved surface points by a three-coordinate measuring machine, selecting any processed tooth root, collecting 3 sample points on a conical section circle at a height specified by a drawing, wherein the maximum value of the minimum distance between the 3 sample points and the conical section circle is 3mm, and determining the vector direction of a measured position of the tooth root of the bevel gear;
(4) collecting curved surface points: through the function of the automatic surface points, the machine automatically collects the surface points (-113.1584, -6.8282, 9.8295) with the minimum cosine error after the three sample points are fitted with the vector direction according to the three sample points collected manually;
(5) re-sampling points: according to the requirements of a drawing, automatic sampling is carried out again on the measuring machine (-113.1584, -6.8282, 10), the theoretical value after sampling is (-113.1584, -6.8282, 10), and the actual value is (-113.0777, -6.822, 9.826).
(6) And (3) comparison: comparing the acquired actual coordinates (-113.0777, -6.822, 9.826) of the curved surface points with the Z-axis coordinate values of the theoretical point coordinates (X, Y, Z) required by the drawing, wherein the Z-axis difference is not more than 0.005mm, then repeating the step (5), comparing again, repeating for multiple times until the finally acquired actual coordinates of the curved surface points are (-112.6375, -6.7881, 9.997) and compared with the Z-axis coordinate values of the theoretical point coordinates (X, Y, Z) required by the drawing, the Z-axis difference is 0.003mm and is less than 0.005 mm;
(7) and (3) coordinate values of the curved surface points: recording the actual coordinates (-112.6375, -6.7881, 9.997) of the final surface point and switching it to polar coordinates (112.8384, 183.4487, 9.997);
(8) collecting a point, namely directly collecting a point on the tooth root conical surface at a height which is 8mm different from the actual coordinates (-112.6375, -6.7881, 9.997) of a curved surface point, switching a rectangular coordinate system into a polar coordinate system, and recording the coordinate value of the point as (105.5917,181.3441, 20.527);
(9) the final result is obtained: obtaining the designated section circle diameter 225.6768mm and the designated section height 9.997mm of the tested product according to the final curved surface point coordinates; from the polar coordinates of the two points, the final cone angle 69 ° 4' 16.17 "is calculated, and the measurement is ended.
Claims (1)
1. A method for detecting parameters of a tooth root cone of a bevel gear is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) processing: preparing a bevel gear to be tested, and processing the gear until at least one complete tooth root exists;
(2) establishing a coordinate system: according to the requirements of design drawings, placing the gear to be measured on the basis of the principle that the number of rotation angles of a measuring head of a required three-coordinate measuring machine is minimum, collecting the reference of the gear to be measured by using the three-coordinate measuring machine, and establishing a measuring coordinate system;
(3) collecting sample points: the method comprises the steps of using a three-coordinate measuring machine to collect the function of curved surface points, selecting any processed tooth root, collecting 3 sample points on a conical section circle at the height specified by a drawing, wherein the minimum distance between each sample point and the conical section circle is not more than 5mm, and if a measuring head interferes during point collection, the minimum distance between each sample point and the conical section circle is not more than 3mm so as to determine the vector direction of a measured position of the tooth root of the bevel gear;
(4) collecting curved surface points: by the function of the automatic surface points, the machine automatically collects the surface points (x) with the minimum cosine error after the three sample points are fitted with the vector direction according to the three sample points collected manually0,y0，z0)；
(5) Re-sampling points: selecting a measuring point (x) according to the drawing requirements0,y0Z), automatically sampling point again by using a measuring machine, wherein the theoretical value after sampling point is (x)1,y1，z1) The actual value is (x)2,y2,z2) Z is a fixed specified section height;
(6) and (3) comparison: by collecting the actual coordinates (x) of the curved surface points2,y2,z2) Comparing the Z-axis coordinate value with the Z-axis coordinate value of the theoretical point coordinate required by the drawing, and if the Z-axis coordinate value is within 0.005mm, performing the step (7); otherwise, the theoretical coordinate value (x) of the curved surface point is measured on a three-coordinate measuring machine1，y1,z1) The method is modified according to the following principle: x is the number of1＝x0，y1＝y0，Z＝(Z-z2)×2+z1Then repeating the step (5), and comparing until the difference of the Z-axis coordinate values is within 0.005 mm;
(7) and (3) coordinate values of the curved surface points: recording the final curved surface point actual coordinates (x)2,y2,z2) And its segment is converted into polar coordinates (R)2,α2,Z2)；
(8) Sampling point, namely actual coordinates (x) of the curve point on the conical surface of the tooth root2,y2,z2) Directly collecting one point with a difference of more than 5mm in height, switching the rectangular coordinate system into a polar coordinate system, and recording the coordinate value of the point as (R)1,α1,Z1)；
(9) The final result is obtained: obtaining the diameter of a designated section circle and the height of the designated section of the measured product according to the final coordinates of the curved surface points; and calculating to obtain the final cone angle according to the polar coordinates of the two points.
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| CN113798601B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-10-24 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | Gear tooth root processing method |
| CN114136184B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2024-04-16 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Bearing ring inner diameter oil guide groove taper and size measurement method and equipment based on three-coordinate measurement |
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