CN113817530A - 一种含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油 - Google Patents
一种含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113817530A CN113817530A CN202111149383.5A CN202111149383A CN113817530A CN 113817530 A CN113817530 A CN 113817530A CN 202111149383 A CN202111149383 A CN 202111149383A CN 113817530 A CN113817530 A CN 113817530A
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- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YSIQDTZQRDDQNF-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);2,3-di(nonyl)naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical group [Ba+2].C1=CC=C2C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(CCCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCCC)=CC2=C1.C1=CC=C2C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(CCCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCCC)=CC2=C1 YSIQDTZQRDDQNF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
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- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XGKPLOKHSA-N [2-[(2r,3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XGKPLOKHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diborate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，由如下重量百分比的组分组成：基础油27～28％、植物油60～62％、油性剂3～5％、改性纳米颗粒2～3％、分散剂0.5～1％、增粘剂3～4％、防锈剂1～1.2％以及抗氧剂0.8～1％。本发明拉拔油采用改性纳米颗粒作为拉拔油的润滑增强剂，由于纳米颗粒具有高的表面活性和小尺寸效应，能够迅速吸附在摩擦面形成一层固体润滑膜，相比于硫磷添加剂形成的化学反应膜，固体润滑膜具有更强的承载能力和润滑性能；另外，纳米颗粒腐蚀性极低，能满足碳钢、不锈钢、铜、铝等多种材质线材、管材和棒材的拉拔成型加工，适用范围广泛；最后，本发明拉拔油使用植物油作为拉拔油的基础油，植物油相比矿物油具有更好的润滑性能和粘温特性，并且植物油可完全生物降解，从而降低油品对环境的污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油。
背景技术
拉拔是金属成型工艺中常用的一种工艺，可用于生产钢丝、钢管、棒材等多种产品。拉拔过程中通常会在坯材和模具之间加入润滑剂，以减少拉拔过程中的摩擦磨损，起到保护模具和工件的作用。常用的润滑剂有皂化粉、拉拔油。皂化粉需兑水加热使用，后期槽液处理困难，且拉拔后工件表面粗糙度大，主要用于对质量要求较低的工况。对于表面要求高的产品，通常采用拉拔油作为润滑介质。现有拉拔油大多使用硫化脂肪酸酯和硫化烯烃作为主要添加剂来提高油品的润滑性能。但由于其中含有活性硫，在拉拔过程不可避免的会产生刺激性气味，且用于铜管加工时还会导致铜管腐蚀变色。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的是提供一种用纳米颗粒替代硫磷型添加剂去提高油品润滑性能的拉拔油。
技术方案：本发明所述的含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，由如下重量百分比的组分组成：基础油27～28％、植物油60～62％、油性剂3～5％、改性纳米颗粒2～3％、分散剂0.5～1％、增粘剂3～4％、防锈剂1～1.2％以及抗氧剂0.8～1％。
其中，所述基础油为40℃下运动粘度为50～200mm2/s的环烷基基础油。
其中，所述植物油为环氧菜籽油、大豆油或橄榄油中的一种。
其中，所述油性剂为饱和多元醇酯、复合酯或油酸中的一种或几种的混合。油性剂用于提高油品在较轻载荷下的油膜强度。
其中，所述改性纳米颗粒为改性纳米石墨粉、改性纳米蛇纹石粉、改性纳米石墨烯或改性纳米硼酸钙中的一种。
其中，所述改性纳米颗粒的粒径为不大于100nm。
其中，所述改性纳米颗粒采用如下方法改性而成：将纳米颗粒超声分散在石油醚中，再往其中加入纳米颗粒质量10～20％的油酸，通过超声分散均匀，油酸分子吸附在纳米颗粒表面，最后通过减压蒸馏除去石油醚，得到改性后的纳米颗粒。纳米颗粒经改性后，表面接有长碳链基团，长碳链基团与油性体系具有很好的相容性，并且长碳链在油液中舒展开能形成空间位阻效应，使纳米颗粒能够稳定分散在油液中，提高纳米颗粒在油液中的分散稳定性。
其中，所述分散剂为Span60、Span80、硅烷偶联剂KH-550、硅烷偶联剂KH-560或硅烷偶联剂KH-570中的一种。本发明采用纳米颗粒作为拉拔油的润滑增强剂，通过对其表面改性及选用对应的分散剂，使其在油品中具有很好的分散稳定性。一方面通过改性后纳米颗粒表面的大分子基团形成空间位阻效应；另一方面通过分散剂对纳米颗粒表面电位进行调整，使其表面带同种电荷，通过同种电荷之间的相斥作用，阻止颗粒团聚形成大颗粒，从而提高其分散稳定性。
其中，所述增粘剂为聚异丁烯。
其中，所述防锈剂为二壬基萘磺酸钡。
上述含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油采用如下方法制备而成：在调和釜中加入配方量的基础油和植物油，搅拌升温至50～60℃，再往其中依次加入油性剂、分散剂、增粘剂、防锈剂和抗氧剂，搅拌30min后加入改性纳米颗粒，开启高速分散机和循环泵，使油液中固体颗粒充分搅拌分散开，持续1h后得到含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油。
有益效果：相比于现有技术，本发明的显著优点为：(1)本发明拉拔油采用改性纳米颗粒作为拉拔油的润滑增强剂，由于纳米颗粒具有高的表面活性和小尺寸效应(纳米颗粒易吸附囤积在工件表面形成固体润滑膜，同时，纳米颗粒能够填充在工件表面的沟壑里，降低工件表面的粗糙度，进一步减小金属与金属之间的摩擦力)，能够迅速吸附在摩擦面形成一层固体润滑膜，相比于硫磷添加剂形成的化学反应膜，固体润滑膜具有更强的承载能力和润滑性能；(2)纳米颗粒的滚珠效应，将金属与金属之间的滑动摩擦变为滚动摩擦，从而减小金属与金属之间的摩擦力，进而减小在工件成型过程中对工件的磨损，降低工件表面磨斑的产生；(3)纳米颗粒腐蚀性极低，能满足碳钢、不锈钢、铜、铝等多种材质线材、管材和棒材的拉拔成型加工，适用范围广泛；(4)本发明拉拔油使用植物油作为拉拔油的基础油，植物油相比矿物油具有更好的润滑性能和粘温特性，并且植物油可完全生物降解，从而降低油品对环境的污染。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明技术方案作进一步阐述。
实施例1
本发明含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，由如下重量百分比的原料组分混制而成：环烷基油4010 27.7％、环氧菜籽油60％、油酸5％、改性纳米蛇纹石粉2％、硅烷偶联剂KH-5500.5％、聚异丁烯PB2400 3％、二壬基萘磺酸钡1％以及T501 0.8％。
实施例2
本发明含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，由如下重量百分比的原料组分混制而成：环烷基油4010 27.2％、大豆油60％、复合酯Priolube3986 3％、油酸2％、改性纳米硼酸钙2％、Span80 1％、聚异丁烯PB2400 3％、二壬基萘磺酸钡1％以及T501 0.8％。
实施例3
本发明含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，由如下重量百分比的原料组分混制而成：环烷基油4010 27.7％、环氧菜籽油60％、油酸5％、改性纳米石墨粉2％、硅烷偶联剂KH-5500.5％、聚异丁烯PB2400 3％、二壬基萘磺酸钡1％以及T5010.8％。
对比实施例1
一种含硫、磷添加剂的拉拔油，由如下重量百分比的原料组分混制而成：500SN76.2％、硫化脂肪酸酯10％、硫化烯烃5％、磷酸酯1％、精制猪油6％、二壬基萘磺酸钡1％以及T501 0.8％。
对比实施例2
本发明含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，由如下重量百分比的原料组分混制而成：环烷基油4010 27.7％、环氧菜籽油60％、油酸5％、未改性纳米蛇纹石粉2％、硅烷偶联剂KH-550 0.5％、聚异丁烯PB2400 3％、二壬基萘磺酸钡1％以及T501 0.8％。
对实施例1～3及对比实施例1～2的拉拔油进行性能检测，检测结果如表1所示。
表1
通过实施例1-3可知，纳米颗粒经改性后能稳定分散在拉拔油中，检测结果表明，其对油品润滑性能具有明显的提升左右。由实施例1～2和对比例1可以看出，实施例1和2的Pb值均高于对比例1，磨斑直径小于对比例1，说明含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油润滑性能不低于传统拉拔油。由实施例1和对比例2可以看出，经改性后的纳米颗粒不仅沉降稳定性较好，其Pb值和抗磨性能也优于未经改性的纳米颗粒，原因是未经改性的纳米粒子更容易团聚成大颗粒，形成磨粒磨损，从而影响了油品的性能。
Claims (10)
1.一种含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，其特征在于，由如下重量百分比的组分组成：基础油27～28％、植物油60～62％、油性剂3～5％、改性纳米颗粒2～3％、分散剂0.5～1％、增粘剂3～4％、防锈剂1～1.2％以及抗氧剂0.8～1％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，其特征在于：所述基础油为40℃下运动粘度为50～200mm2/s的环烷基基础油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，其特征在于：所述植物油为环氧菜籽油、大豆油或橄榄油中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，其特征在于：所述油性剂为饱和多元醇酯、复合酯或油酸中的一种或几种的混合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，其特征在于：所述改性纳米颗粒为改性纳米石墨粉、改性纳米蛇纹石粉、改性纳米石墨烯或改性纳米硼酸钙中的一种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，其特征在于：所述改性纳米颗粒的粒径为不大于100nm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，其特征在于：所述改性纳米颗粒采用如下方法改性而成：将纳米颗粒超声分散在石油醚中，再往其中加入纳米颗粒质量10～20％的油酸，通过超声分散均匀，油酸分子包含极性端和非极性端，油酸分子极性端与吸附在纳米颗粒表面，最后通过减压蒸馏除去石油醚，得到改性后的纳米颗粒。
8.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，其特征在于：所述分散剂为Span60、Span80、硅烷偶联剂KH-550、硅烷偶联剂KH-560或硅烷偶联剂KH-570中的一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，其特征在于：所述增粘剂为聚异丁烯。
10.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米颗粒添加剂的拉拔油，其特征在于：所述防锈剂为二壬基萘磺酸钡。
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