CN113816726B - 一种出钢口及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种出钢口及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113816726B
CN113816726B CN202111029685.9A CN202111029685A CN113816726B CN 113816726 B CN113816726 B CN 113816726B CN 202111029685 A CN202111029685 A CN 202111029685A CN 113816726 B CN113816726 B CN 113816726B
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田守信
申娟娟
贺恒星
张继国
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YANGGU XINMIN REFRACTORY MATERIALS CO Ltd
SHANDONG KEXIN NEW MATERIALS CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种应用于转炉和电炉的新型出钢口及制备方法，它是以高纯电熔镁砂、金属铝粉、碳纤维和液体石蜡为主要原料，按照下列配比：电熔镁砂75~95%，金属铝粉5~25%，碳纤维0.02~0.5%，液体石蜡1~4%进行配料。然后高压成型，800℃以上氮化烧成，然后真空浸渍树脂和固化而得。该产品具有非常好的抗氧化性和抗侵蚀性，使用寿命可提高2倍以上。

Description

一种出钢口及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于钢铁冶炼技术领域，具体涉及一种出钢口及制备方法。
背景技术
出钢口作为钢水由转炉或电炉倒入钢包的唯一通道，出钢过程中经常受到高温钢水和熔渣的侵蚀以及机械冲刷破坏，使其极易受损，导致出钢口寿命很低，需要不断地修补或更换，不仅影响到生产效率和生产成本，而且影响到钢水质量及生产稳定性。一般出钢口使用的是优质镁砂，石墨，添加少量抗氧化剂，由酚醛树脂结合剂结合，经过混料、高压成型和固化而制得，也有采用镁铝碳材料和端砖用铝碳化硅碳材料的。无论是何种材料，都是用碳素树脂作为结合剂结合的。转炉出钢口的使用寿命多数在150~250次。大转炉出钢口使用寿命长一些，一般在180~250次。小转炉使用寿命低一些，一般在200次以下。而对于偏心炉底电炉出钢口，使用寿命一般100~200次。同样小电炉使用寿命短一些，大电炉的出钢口使用寿命高一些。近年来，延长出钢口寿命，提高钢水质量越来越受到生产厂家的重视。
影响出钢口使用寿命的关键因素之一是碳素结合剂。出钢口用碳素结合剂，在使用的过程中，结合剂碳化，出钢口形成碳结合，在使用过程中，结合剂碳活性较高，容易溶解在钢液里；不出钢时，它暴露在空气中被氧气和粘附表面渣中氧化铁和氧化锰氧化成CO2和CO。因此，树脂结合的出钢口的使用寿命受到限制和制约。目前为止，还未看到有其它结合剂结合的出钢口。
发明内容
本发明专利的目的在于提供一种高耐用的出钢口砖，通过用新的配方和工艺，制得氮化铝结合氧化镁出钢口砖，显著提高了其抗氧化性、抗钢液冲刷性能和使用寿命。
为了解决上述问题，本发明专利所采用的技术方案如下：
一种出钢口，包括98电熔镁砂、金属铝粉、碳纤维或碳纤维母体、液体石蜡，其中各组分的质量分数为：98镁砂75~90%，金属铝粉10~25%，碳纤维或碳纤维母体0.02~0.5%，液体石蜡1~4%。
优选方案，所述98电熔镁砂粒径包括3~1，1~0，细粉三种，其中不同粒径的镁砂的质量分数为：粒径3~1为 30~50%，粒径1~0为20~35%，细粉为3~12%。
优选方案，所述金属铝粉为纯度大于97%，颗粒尺寸小于0.088mm。
优选方案，所述碳纤维或碳纤维母体指的是石墨纤维、沥青纤维或聚丙烯腈纤维，起到增强增韧的作用。
一种出钢口的制备方法，按照配方比例进行配料后，放入强力式混料机内混料2min以上，然后高压成型、氮化、真空浸渍和固化而得。
优选方案，所述压力要求大于200MPa，最好大于250MPa。
优选方案，所述氮化温度指的是大于800oC，最好是1400oC；氮化时间大于10h，氮气流量为100~200L/min。
优选方案，所述真空浸渍，其条件是真空度小于10mm汞柱，其压力要求大于0.2MPa，浸渍时间要求大于2h，浸渍树脂的粘度小于1Pa.S。
优选方案，所述固化的条件是温度在120~280oC，最好160~200oC之间，固化时间为4~24h。
与现有技术相比，本发明的特点和有益效果是：
本申请通过金属铝粉氮化制备得到氮化铝结合的氧化镁砖，代替碳结合，显著提高出钢口的抗氧化性。碳易溶解于钢液，氮化铝不易溶解于钢液；碳氧化后留下气孔，导致出钢口强度和耐冲刷性下降，而氮化铝氧化后留下Al2O3，并进一步与MgO反应生成高温相镁铝尖晶石，提高了出钢口强度和抗冲刷性，显著提高了出钢口的使用寿命，使得其使用寿命可增加2倍以上，降低材料成本的同时减少了劳动强度。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。应该明白的是，下述说明仅是为了解释本发明，并不对其内容进行限定。如无特别说明，下述所用各成分的含量为重量百分比含量。
实施例
一种出钢口，包括98电熔镁砂、金属铝粉、碳纤维或碳纤维母体、液体石蜡，具体质量分数参照如表1所示：
表1：实施例1-4及对比例1的原理组成配比及制备方法
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
表2：实施例1-4及对比例1的性能比较结果
Figure 555889DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
由上可知，本申请采用了新的结合系统，制造出了高强度的氮化铝结合氧化镁出钢口砖，显著提高了出钢口的抗侵蚀性，抗氧化性，耐冲刷性和使用寿命，使用寿命可增加2倍以上。
因此，本申请的技术方案，其带来的不只是材料成本的降低，更重要的是一年少换40次出钢口，少用修补料等耐火材料成本直接降低40×0.5+0.4×8=23.2万，每次更换用时2h，这样可以减少停炉时间80h，可以多生产钢80/24×30=100炉次，约为1.2万吨钢，可以创造价值约360万元/年，同时还减少了劳动强度。因此选择优质出钢口，一座120t转炉可以提高价值383.2万元/年，相当于给每个出钢口创造价值约25.5万元。因此，本申请的氮化铝结合氧化镁砖优质出钢口具有重要意义。

Claims (4)

1.一种出钢口，其特征在于，包括98电熔镁砂、金属铝粉、碳纤维或碳纤维母体、液体石蜡，其中各组分的质量分数为：98镁砂75~90%，金属铝粉10~25%，外加碳纤维或碳纤维母体0.02~0.5%，外加液体石蜡1~4%；所述出钢口的制备方法为：按照配方比例进行配料后，放入强力式混料机内混料2min以上，然后高压成型、氮化、真空浸渍和固化而得；所述98电熔镁砂粒径包括3~1，1~0，细粉三种，其中不同粒径的镁砂的质量分数为：粒径3~1为 30~50%，粒径1~0为20~35%，180目细粉为3~12%；
所述金属铝粉为纯度大于97%，颗粒尺寸小于0.088mm；
所述氮化的温度大于1000oC；氮化时间大于10h，氮气流量为100~200L/min；
所述真空浸渍，其条件是真空度小于10mm汞柱，其压力要求大于0.2MPa，浸渍时间要求大于2h，浸渍树脂的粘度小于1Pa.S。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种出钢口，其特征在于，所述碳纤维或碳纤维母体指的是石墨纤维、沥青纤维或聚丙烯腈纤维。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种出钢口，其特征在于，所述高压成型的压力要求大于200MPa。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种出钢口，其特征在于，所述固化的条件是温度在120~280oC，固化时间为4~24h。
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