CN113248270A - 一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002077 partially stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropiophenone Chemical compound CC(N)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种碳纤维复合ZrO2‑C材料及其制备方法,包括以下质量百分比的组分:二氧化锆细粉22~28%,石墨12~18%,金属硅粉3~5%,碳化硼0~2%,碳纤维0.3~1.2%,酚醛树脂5~8%,余量为二氧化锆颗粒。本发明在ZrO2‑C材料中加入碳纤维,显著提高了材料的强度及抗热震性,进而在不增加碳含量的情况下改善材料的力学及抗热震性能,延长浸入式水口的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含碳耐火材料领域,尤其是涉及一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
在连铸过程中浸入式水口渣线部位材料的性能决定着浸入式水口的使用寿命。抗热震性和抗侵蚀性是浸入式水口最为关键的两大性能,如果抗热震性不好,水口在接触钢水时就会炸裂,如果抗侵蚀性不好,其使用寿命就缩短。而目前浸入式水口的渣线部位的材料主要是ZrO2-C复合材料,如何提高ZrO2-C材料的性能,使其既有优异的抗热震性又有良好的抗侵蚀性,从而提高其使用寿命是一直以来亟需解决的问题。
在浸入式水口生产和应用中,常通过调整ZrO2-C复合材料中ZrO2和石墨碳的含量来调整材料抗热震性和抗侵蚀性,一般来说,增加碳含量可以提高浸入式水口的抗热震性,然而碳含量的增加的虽然提高了抗热震性,但同时也降低了材料高温强度和抗氧化性,进而使材料的抗侵蚀性能降低,综合效果并不理想。目前,ZrO2-C复合材料中碳含量仍然保持在12%-18%,碳含量高强度低,碳含量低热震差。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种热震性能更好、力学性能更优的浸入式水口渣线的碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料及其制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料,包括以下质量百分比的组分:二氧化锆细粉22~28%,石墨12~18%,金属硅粉3~5%,碳化硼0~2%,碳纤维0.3~1.2%,酚醛树脂5~8%,余量为二氧化锆颗粒。
优选的,所述氧化锆为部分稳定氧化锆,氧化锆粗颗粒的粒径小于425um;二氧化锆细粉为钙稳定型二氧化锆,其粒度小于150μm。
优选的,所述石墨为鳞片石墨,粒径小于75um。
优选的,所述金属硅粉和碳化硼均为细粉,其粒度均小于75μm。
优选的,所述碳纤维的长度为3~0.1mm,直径为3~5μm。
一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将二氧化锆细粉、石墨、金属硅粉、碳化硼按比例进行混合,然后将碳纤维加入混合料中进行机械搅拌分散,得到预混料;
(2)将二氧化锆颗粒和一半的酚醛树脂混合后进行混练,然后与步骤(1)的预混料混合,再加入剩余一半的酚醛树脂进行混练;
(3)将步骤(2)的原料混合均匀后,困料20~24h后压制成型,然后对样品进行干燥;
(4)将步骤(3)中干燥后的样品在匣钵中埋碳后,一同放入高温窑炉中在1000℃~1200℃下进行烧结,随炉冷却后得到碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料。
优选的,所述步骤(1)的机械搅拌分散,搅拌速度为1200-2000r/min,分散时长为5-10min。
优选的,所述步骤(3)干燥的温度和时间为80℃保温6h,120℃保温12h,200℃保温3h。
优选的,所述步骤(4)的烧结过程为:
(a)从0℃升温至1000℃时的升温速率为5℃/min;
(b)从1000℃升温至1200℃时的升温速率为3℃/min,然后在最高烧成温度保温3h;
(c)随炉降降至室温。
本发明的有益效果是:
碳纤维具有高模量、高强度等优异的性能,与耐火材料复合可以对材料的力学性能和抗热震性能提升。本发明采用碳纤维作为添加剂,通过原料的合理搭配,制备出碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料。该ZrO2-C复合材料抗热震性能好,可延长浸入式水口渣线部位用ZrO2-C材料的使用寿命;本发明中碳纤维的分散方法简单而有效,简化了碳纤维复合材料,进一步降低了产品的生产成本。本发明将高模量、高强度的碳纤维与ZrO2-C材料进行复合,从而在不增加碳含量的情况下改善材料的力学及抗热震性能。
本发明采用干法混合、半干压制成型和高温热处理工艺制备ZrO2-C复合耐火材料,碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料的体积密度为3.20~3.4g/cm3,抗折强度15~20MPa,耐压强度30~45MPa,热震后的抗折强度9~14MPa,残余强度保持率63~80%。
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述,并且在某种程度上,基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述,但不局限于下列实施例。
实施例1:
一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料包括如下质量百分含量的各组分:二氧化锆颗粒50%,二氧化锆细粉22%,金属硅粉4%,碳化硼1%,鳞片石墨17.6%,碳纤维加入量为0.4%,酚醛树脂外加5%。
本实施例的氧化锆为部分稳定氧化锆,氧化锆粗颗粒的粒径小于425um;二氧化锆细粉为钙稳定型二氧化锆,其粒度小于150μm。石墨为鳞片石墨,粒径小于75um。金属硅粉和碳化硼均为细粉,其粒度均小于75μm。碳纤维的长度为0.1mm,直径为5μm。本发明的结合剂为酚醛树脂。
一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)按质量百分比取二氧化锆细粉、碳化硼、金属硅粉、石墨混合均匀,加入碳纤维后,在高速搅拌机中以1200r/min,分散时长为5min,得到预混料;
(2)将二氧化锆颗粒和一半的结合剂混合,混练10min;然后将步骤(1)的预混料混合10min,然后再加入剩余一半的结合剂,混合30min;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的原料困料24h后,在120MPa的压力下压制成型;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的试样在烘箱中干燥,干燥温度及时间为:80℃保温6h;120℃保温12h;200℃保温3h;
(5)将步骤(4)干燥后的试样放入高温窑炉中进行烧成。烧成过程为:从室温升温至1000℃时的升温速率为5℃/min;从1000℃升温至1200℃时的升温速率为3℃/min,然后在最高烧成温度保温3h;然后随炉降至室温。
本实施例所制备的碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料体积密度为3.25g/cm3,气孔率为15.15%,抗折强度为19.3MPa,抗压强度为43.3MPa,经1100℃水冷三次热震后的残余强度为12.5MPa,残余强度保持率达到64.24%。
实施例2:
一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料包括如下质量百分含量的组分:二氧化锆颗粒45%,二氧化锆细粉24%,金属硅粉4%,碳化硼1%,鳞片石墨17.7%,长度为3mm、直径3μm的碳纤维加入量为0.3%,酚醛树脂5%。
一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)按质量百分比取二氧化锆细粉、碳化硼、金属硅粉、石墨混合均匀,加入碳纤维后,在高速搅拌机中以1200r/min,分散时长为5min;
(2)将二氧化锆颗粒和一半的结合剂混合,混练10min;然后将步骤(1)的预混料,混合10min,然后再加入剩余一半的结合剂,混合30min;
(3)将步骤(2)的原料困料24h后,在120MPa的压力下压制成型;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的试样在烘箱中干燥,干燥温度及时间为:80℃保温6h;120℃保温12h;200℃保温3h;
(5)将步骤(4)干燥后的试样放入高温窑炉中进行烧成。烧成过程为:从室温升温至1000℃时的升温速率为5℃/min;从1000℃升温至1200℃时的升温速率为3℃/min,然后在最高烧成温度保温3h;然后随炉降至室温。
本实施例所制备的碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料体积密度为3.31g/cm3,气孔率为14.53%,抗折强度为17.3MPa,抗压强度为39.4MPa,经1100℃水冷三次热震后的残余强度为12.3MPa,残余强度保持率达到71.10%。
实施例3:
一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料如下质量百分含量的各组分:二氧化锆颗粒46%,二氧化锆细粉25%,金属硅粉4%,碳化硼1%,鳞片石墨17.4%,长度为3mm碳纤维加入量为0.6%,酚醛树脂5%。
一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)按质量百分比取二氧化锆细粉、碳化硼、金属硅粉、石墨混合均匀后,加入碳纤维后,在高速搅拌机中以1200r/min,分散时长为5min,得到预混料;
(2)将二氧化锆颗粒和一半的结合剂混合,混练10min,然后将步骤(1)的预混料,混合10min,然后再加入剩余的一半结合剂,混合30min;
(3)将步骤(2)的原料困料24h后,在120MPa的压力下压制成型;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的试样在烘箱中干燥,干燥温度及时间为:80℃保温6h;120℃保温12h;200℃保温3h;
(5)将步骤(4)干燥后的试样放入高温窑炉中进行烧成。烧成过程为:从室温升温至1000℃时的升温速率为5℃/min;从1000℃升温至1200℃时的升温速率为3℃/min,然后在最高烧成温度保温3h;然后随炉降至室温。
本实施例所制备的碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料体积密度为3.29g/cm3,气孔率为15.59%,抗折强度为17.5MPa,抗压强度为38.6MPa,经1100℃水冷三次热震后的残余强度为13.9MPa,残余强度保持率达到79.42%。
对比例1:
对比例1与实施例1、2及3的区别在于,对比例1中未加入碳纤维,其他步骤与实施例1、2及3相同,在此不再赘述。在相同的条件下进行测试,ZrO2-C材料体积密度为3.37g/cm3,气孔率为13.22%,抗折强度为15.5MPa,抗压强度为30.4MPa,经1100℃水冷三次热震后的残余强度为9.8MPa,残余强度保持率达到63.23%。
实施例1、2、3与对比例1相比体积密度相差甚微,显气孔率有小幅度升高,抗折与耐压强度均有一定程度的提高,抗折强度最高提升率达到20%以上,热震后的抗折强度提高了25-40%,残余强度保持率由63%最高至80%。由此可见,加入碳纤维后,ZrO2-C材料的常温强度及抗热震性能有大幅度提高。并且,本发明工艺流程简单,便于大范围实施应用。
以上实施仅用于说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换,只要不脱离本发明的技术方案的实质和精神的基础上,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料,其特征在于:包括以下质量百分比的组分:二氧化锆细粉22~28%,石墨12~18%,金属硅粉3~5%,碳化硼0~2%,碳纤维0.3~1.2%,酚醛树脂5~8%,余量为二氧化锆颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料,其特征在于:所述氧化锆为部分稳定氧化锆,氧化锆粗颗粒的粒径小于425um;二氧化锆细粉为钙稳定型二氧化锆,其粒度小于150μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料,其特征在于:所述石墨为鳞片石墨,粒径小于75um。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料,其特征在于:所述金属硅粉和碳化硼均为细粉,其粒度均小于75μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料,其特征在于:所述碳纤维的长度为3~0.1mm,直径为3~5μm。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将二氧化锆细粉、石墨、金属硅粉、碳化硼按比例进行混合,然后将碳纤维加入混合料中进行机械搅拌分散,得到预混料;
(2)将二氧化锆颗粒和一半的酚醛树脂混合后进行混练,然后与步骤(1)的预混料混合,再加入剩余一半的酚醛树脂进行混练;
(3)将步骤(2)的原料混合均匀后,困料20~24h后压制成型,然后对样品进行干燥;
(4)将步骤(3)中干燥后的样品在匣钵中埋碳后,一同放入高温窑炉中在1000℃~1200℃下进行烧结,随炉冷却后得到碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料。
7.根据权利要求6的一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)的机械搅拌分散,搅拌速度为1200-2000r/min,分散时长为5-10min。
8.根据权利要求6或7的一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)干燥的温度和时间为80℃保温6h,120℃保温12h,200℃保温3h。
9.根据权利要求6的一种碳纤维复合ZrO2-C材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)的烧结过程为:
(a)从0℃升温至1000℃时的升温速率为5℃/min;
(b)从1000℃升温至1200℃时的升温速率为3℃/min,然后在最高烧成温度保温3h;
(c)随炉降降至室温。
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