CN113812336B - Method for evaluating whether lake sediment is suitable for anchoring and growing submerged plants - Google Patents

Method for evaluating whether lake sediment is suitable for anchoring and growing submerged plants Download PDF

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CN113812336B
CN113812336B CN202111097276.2A CN202111097276A CN113812336B CN 113812336 B CN113812336 B CN 113812336B CN 202111097276 A CN202111097276 A CN 202111097276A CN 113812336 B CN113812336 B CN 113812336B
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plant
sediment
water
submerged
anchoring
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CN113812336A (en
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何亮
彭永相
张萌
葛刚
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Nanchang University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for evaluating whether lake sediment is suitable for anchoring and growing submerged plants, which comprises the following steps: s1, collecting in-situ columnar sediments in a to-be-recovered area of a lake by using a columnar mud sampler with the inner diameter larger than 5cm; s2, selecting a submerged plant propagule to be recovered and planting the selected submerged plant propagule in the sediment; s3, placing the stainless steel frame for fixing the sediment column in an unshielded outdoor open-ground container, wherein the water depth in the container is kept at 1-1.2m; s4, continuously observing the growth condition of the plants during the culture period of 4-8 weeks; s5, measuring the anchoring force of the plants capable of growing during harvesting; and S6, judging whether the submerged plant can be stably planted in the water area to be recovered. According to the method, the columnar mud sampler is used for collecting columnar sediments to culture submerged plants, instead of configuring the sediments or using the grab bucket mud sampler for collecting the sediments, the disturbance on the sediments can be avoided, and therefore the relationship between the lake sediments and the growth and anchoring of the plants can be reflected more accurately.

Description

Method for evaluating whether lake sediment is suitable for anchoring and growing submerged plants
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment engineering, in particular to a method for evaluating whether lake sediments are suitable for anchoring and growing submerged plants.
Background
The submerged vegetation is an important component of a lake ecosystem, has an important role in maintaining the stability and the function of a system, can maintain the stable state of clear water in the lake through ways of reducing bottom mud resuspension caused by wind waves, absorbing nutrition, secreting algae-inhibiting organic matters, providing refuges for zooplankton and the like, and simultaneously can increase the heterogeneity of the lake environment and provide food for animals, thereby improving the diversity of aquatic animals and having the reputation of 'underwater forests'. However, at present, many lakes in China face eutrophication problems, the transparency of water is reduced, the coverage area of submerged vegetation is reduced, the diversity is reduced, even completely disappears, and the lakes are degraded into secondary bare land, so that the recovery of submerged plants is a key part of lake ecological restoration.
In the eutrophication process of lakes, the organic matter content in sediments is increased, an anaerobic environment is easily generated, and the toxic action of sulfides is added, so that the root growth of submerged plants can be inhibited and even rotten roots can be generated, thus causing plant death.
At present, when submerged plant recovery is carried out, the step of evaluating the suitability of sediments is omitted in many engineering projects, submerged plants are directly planted, the survival rate of plants is often low, the engineering effect is poor, partial projects adopt grab bucket type mud samplers to fetch sediments, whether the sediments are suitable for the growth of the submerged plants is evaluated, but the original layered structure of the sediments can be damaged by the sediment sampling method, the evaluation result is inaccurate, and therefore a method for evaluating whether lake sediments are suitable for anchoring and growing of the submerged plants is urgently needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for evaluating whether lake sediments are suitable for anchoring and growing of submerged plants, which has the advantage of more accurately evaluating whether lake sediments to be recovered are suitable for anchoring and growing of the submerged plants and solves the problem that whether a recovery area is suitable for anchoring and growing of submerged plant species to be recovered cannot be accurately judged when submerged plant recovery is carried out.
(II) technical scheme
In order to realize the purpose of more accurately evaluating whether the lake sediment to be recovered is suitable for anchoring and growing of the submerged plants, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for evaluating whether lake sediments are suitable for anchoring and growing submerged plants, comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting a columnar sediment of a to-be-recovered area by using a columnar mud sampler with the inner diameter larger than 5cm, wherein the height of a sediment sampling pipe is 30cm, when the collected sediment is less than 30cm, jacking a sediment from the lower end to the upper end of the sampling pipe to a position 2-3cm away from an upper opening by using a jacking device with a proper size, and then putting the sampling pipe into a stainless steel sampling pipe frame;
s2, selecting a propagule (seed, winter bud, broken branch, seedling and the like) of the submerged plant to be recovered to plant in the sediment, directly scattering the seed on the surface of the sediment, and planting the other propagules to the depth of 2-3cm;
s3, placing the stainless steel sampling pipe frame in a culture container placed in an open outdoor place without shielding, wherein the water depth in the container is kept at 1-1.2m;
s4, continuously observing the growth condition of the plant during the culture period of 4-8 weeks, wherein if a propagule cannot germinate and grow or the plant dies midway during the period, the sediment is not suitable for the submerged plant to grow, and if the final biomass of the plant is larger than the initial biomass at the time of planting, the plant can grow;
s5, measuring the anchoring force of the plants capable of growing during harvesting;
s6, calculating the drag force possibly suffered by the submerged plant in the lake to be recovered, comparing the drag force with the measured anchoring force, and judging whether the submerged plant can be stably planted in the water area to be recovered.
Preferably, the culture container is cement pond, plastic drum or plastic box, the water of water for being superior to the natural water of surface water III class or the running water through abundant aeration is cultivated, the sampling pipe is the PC polycarbonate hyaline tube, the top holds in the palm the device and comprises the plastic disk that the diameter is less than the sampling pipe internal diameter and thickness is 1cm, the PC polycarbonate hyaline tube that the external diameter is less than the sampling pipe internal diameter and can seal the rubber buffer of sampling pipe bottom, the pipe support adopts stainless steel, and the aperture is greater than the sampling pipe external diameter.
Preferably, the anchoring force measuring method includes:
(1) Winding the plant base by a soft rope;
(2) Then hooking the soft rope by using a digital display type tension meter hook with the measuring range of 1-5N;
(3) Slowly pulling out, recording the maximum instantaneous value of the plant in the process of pulling out the sediment, namely the size of the anchoring force of the plant, in the process of pulling out, if the anchoring force exceeds the measuring range of the tension meter, replacing the tension meter with a digital display tension meter with 5-20N, and if the anchoring force still exceeds the measuring range of the tension meter, replacing the digital display tension meter with a larger measuring range until the anchoring force can be measured.
Preferably, the formula of the force dragged by the water flow at a specific flow rate of the submerged plant is calculated as follows:
F＝A*m*v 1.5
wherein F is the dragging force (N) to which the plant is subjected, A is the roughness coefficient of the plant, m is the dry weight (kg) of the overground part of the plant, v is the water velocity (m.s) -1 ) The flow rate may be set according to the maximum flow rate that the water area to be restored may encounter, e.g. 0.6 m.s for no flow rate data -1 And calculating (the flow rate is the possible flow rate of the lake under the extreme storm condition), when the plant anchoring force is greater than the dragging force, indicating that the submerged plant under the sediment condition can be stably planted, and when the anchoring force is less than the dragging force, indicating that the submerged plant under the sediment condition can not be stably planted.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for evaluating whether lake sediments are suitable for anchoring and growing of submerged plants, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method is simple, the cost is low, and the effect is quick;
(2) According to the method, the columnar mud sampler is used for collecting sediments to culture submerged plants, instead of configuring the sediments or using the grab bucket mud sampler for collecting the sediments, the disturbance on the sediments can be avoided, and therefore the relationship between the sediments in the lake and the growth and anchoring of the plants can be more accurately reflected;
(3) By the method, whether the sediments in the water area to be repaired are suitable for anchoring and growing of the submerged plants can be accurately judged, guidance is provided for ecological restoration engineering, and the engineering can be smoothly implemented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the method for evaluating whether lake sediment is suitable for anchoring and growing of submerged plants according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of experimental results of an experimental example in the method for evaluating whether lake sediments are suitable for anchoring and growing submerged plants according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, there are shown a plant propagule 1, a culture container 2, a sampling tube 3, a jacking device 4, a sampling tube holder 5, and a sediment 6.
The first embodiment is as follows: a method for assessing the suitability of lake sediments for the anchorage and growth of submerged plants, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting a columnar sediment of a region to be recovered by using a columnar mud sampler with the inner diameter larger than 5cm, wherein the height of a sediment sampling pipe is 30cm, when the collected sediment is less than 30cm, using a jacking device with a proper size to jack the sediment from the lower end of the sampling pipe to the upper end of the sampling pipe at a position 2cm away from an upper opening, and then putting the sampling pipe into a stainless steel sampling pipe frame;
s2, selecting a propagule (seed, winter bud, broken branch, seedling and the like) of the submerged plant to be recovered to plant in the sediment, directly broadcasting the seed on the surface of the sediment, and planting the other propagules to the depth of 2cm;
s3, placing the stainless steel sampling pipe frame in a culture container placed in an open outdoor place without shielding, wherein the water depth in the container is kept at 1m;
s4, continuously observing the growth condition of the plant during the culture period of 4 weeks, wherein during the period, if a propagule cannot germinate and grow or the plant dies midway, the sediment is not suitable for the growth of the submerged plant, and if the final biomass of the plant is larger than the initial biomass during planting, the plant can grow;
s5, measuring the anchoring force of the plants capable of growing during harvesting;
s6, calculating the drag force possibly suffered by the submerged plant in the lake to be recovered, comparing the drag force with the measured anchoring force, and judging whether the submerged plant can be stably planted in the water area to be recovered.
Wherein, the culture container is cement pond, plastic drum or plastic box, cultivate the water for being superior to the water of surface water III class natural water or through the running water of abundant aeration, the sampling pipe is PC polycarbonate hyaline tube, the top asks the device to be less than the sampling pipe internal diameter by the diameter and the thickness is 1 cm's plastics disk, the PC polycarbonate hyaline tube of sampling pipe internal diameter and can seal the rubber buffer of sampling pipe bottom and constitute, the pipe support adopts stainless steel, and the aperture is greater than the sampling pipe external diameter.
The anchoring force measuring method includes:
(1) Winding the plant base by a soft rope;
(2) Then hooking the soft rope by using a digital display type tension meter hook with the measuring range of 1N;
(3) And slowly pulling out, recording the maximum instantaneous value of the plant in the process of pulling out the sediment, namely the size of the anchoring force of the plant, replacing the digital display tensiometer with a 5N if the force exceeds the measuring range of the tensiometer in the process of pulling out, and replacing the digital display tensiometer with a larger measuring range if the force still exceeds the measuring range of the tensiometer until the anchoring force can be measured.
Meanwhile, the formula of the force dragged by the water flow of the submerged plant at a specific flow speed is calculated as follows:
F＝A*m*v 1.5
wherein F is the dragging force (N) borne by the plant, A is the roughness coefficient of the plant, m is the dry weight (kg) of the overground part of the plant, v is the water velocity (m.s) -1 ) The flow rate may be set according to the maximum flow rate likely to be encountered in the body of water to be restored, e.g.No flow data, which can be 0.6 m.s -1 The roughness coefficient of common submerged plants can be calculated (this flow rate is the flow rate possible in lakes under extreme storm conditions) in Schuten J, davy A J]Oecologia,2000, 123 (4): 445-452, indicating that submerged plants can stably colonize in the sediment condition when the plant anchoring force is greater than the drag force, and indicating that submerged plants cannot stably colonize in the sediment condition when the anchoring force is less than the drag force.
During the concrete operation, the in-situ columnar sediment that will gather is from the sampling pipe bottom with the top support plastic stopper from the sampling pipe lower extreme top to the position about 2cm apart from the upper shed of upper end, and sampling pipe is fixed to reuse sampling pipe support in addition, and a plant propagule is planted respectively in every sampling pipe, puts into culture container with the pipe support at last.
Example two: a method for evaluating whether lake sediment is suitable for anchoring and growing of submerged plants, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting a columnar sediment of a region to be recovered by using a columnar mud sampler with the inner diameter larger than 5cm, wherein the height of a sediment sampling pipe is 30cm, when the collected sediment is less than 30cm, using a jacking device with a proper size to jack the sediment from the lower end of the sampling pipe to the upper end of the sampling pipe at a position which is 3cm away from an upper opening, and then putting the sampling pipe into a stainless steel sampling pipe frame;
s2, selecting the propagules (seeds, winter buds, broken branches, seedlings and the like) of the submerged plants to be recovered to be planted in the sediments, directly broadcasting the seeds on the surface of the sediments, and planting the other propagules to the depth of 3cm;
s3, placing the stainless steel sampling pipe frame in a culture container placed in an open outdoor place without shielding, wherein the water depth in the container is kept at 1.2m;
s4, continuously observing the growth condition of the plant during the culture period of 8 weeks, wherein during the period, if a propagule cannot germinate and grow or the plant dies midway, the sediment is not suitable for the growth of the submerged plant, and if the final biomass of the plant is greater than the initial biomass during planting, the plant can grow;
s5, measuring the anchoring force of the plants capable of growing during harvesting;
s6, calculating the drag force possibly applied to the submerged plant in the lake to be recovered, comparing the drag force with the measured anchoring force, and judging whether the submerged plant can be stably planted in the water area to be recovered.
Wherein, culture container is cement pond, plastic drum or plastics case, cultivate the water for being superior to the water of the natural water of surface water III class or through the running water of abundant aeration, the sampling pipe is the PC polycarbonate hyaline tube, the top asks the device to be less than the sampling pipe internal diameter by the diameter and the PC polycarbonate hyaline tube that thickness is 1cm, external diameter are less than the sampling pipe internal diameter and can seal the rubber buffer of sampling pipe bottom and constitute, the pipe support adopts stainless steel, and the aperture is greater than the sampling pipe external diameter.
The anchoring force measuring method includes:
(1) Winding the plant base by a soft rope;
(2) Then hooking the soft rope by using a digital display type tension meter hook with the measuring range of 5N;
(3) Slowly pulling out, recording the maximum instantaneous value of the plant in the process of pulling out the sediment, namely the anchoring force of the plant, and in the process of pulling out, if the force exceeds the measuring range of the tension meter, replacing the tension meter with a 20N digital display tension meter, and if the force still exceeds the measuring range of the tension meter, replacing the digital display tension meter with a larger measuring range until the anchoring force can be measured.
Meanwhile, the formula of the force dragged by the water flow of the submerged plant at a specific flow velocity is calculated as follows:
F＝A*m*v 1.5
wherein F is the dragging force (N) to which the plant is subjected, A is the roughness coefficient of the plant, m is the dry weight (kg) of the overground part of the plant, v is the water velocity (m.s) -1 ) The flow rate can be set according to the maximum flow rate which the water area to be recovered may encounter, for example, 0.6 m.s can be used for no flow rate data -1 Calculating (the flow rate is the flow rate possible in the lake under extreme storm conditions), the rough coefficient of the common submerged plants can be found in Schutten J, davy A Jlocity，biomass and morphology[J]Oecologia,2000, 123 (4): 445-452, indicating that submerged plants can stably colonize the sediment condition when the plant anchoring force is greater than the drag force, and indicating that submerged plants cannot stably colonize the sediment condition when the anchoring force is less than the drag force.
During the concrete operation, the in-situ columnar sediment that will gather is from the sampling pipe bottom with the top support plastic stopper from the sampling pipe lower extreme top to the position about 3cm apart from the upper shed of upper end, and sampling pipe is fixed to reuse sampling pipe support in addition, and a plant propagule is planted respectively in every sampling pipe, puts into culture container with the pipe support at last.
Example three: a method for evaluating whether lake sediment is suitable for anchoring and growing of submerged plants, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting a columnar sediment of a region to be recovered by using a columnar mud sampler with the inner diameter larger than 5cm, wherein the height of a sediment sampling pipe is 30cm, when the collected sediment is less than 30cm, using a jacking device with a proper size to jack the sediment from the lower end of the sampling pipe to the upper end of the sampling pipe at a position 2.5cm away from an upper opening, and then putting the sampling pipe into a stainless steel sampling pipe frame;
s2, selecting the propagules (seeds, winter buds, broken branches, seedlings and the like) of the submerged plants to be recovered to be planted in the sediments, directly broadcasting the seeds on the surface of the sediments, and planting the other propagules to the depth of 2.5cm;
s3, placing the stainless steel sampling pipe frame in a culture container placed in an open outdoor place without shielding, wherein the water depth in the container is kept at 1.1m;
s4, continuously observing the growth condition of the plant during the culture period of 6 weeks, wherein if a propagule cannot germinate and grow or the plant dies midway during the culture period, the deposit is not suitable for the submerged plant to grow, and if the final biomass of the plant is greater than the initial biomass at the planting time, the plant can grow;
s5, measuring the anchoring force of the plants capable of growing during harvesting;
s6, calculating the drag force possibly suffered by the submerged plant in the lake to be recovered, comparing the drag force with the measured anchoring force, and judging whether the submerged plant can be stably planted in the water area to be recovered.
Wherein, the culture container is cement pond, plastic drum or plastic box, cultivate the water for being superior to the water of surface water III class natural water or through the running water of abundant aeration, the sampling pipe is PC polycarbonate hyaline tube, the top asks the device to be less than the sampling pipe internal diameter by the diameter and the thickness is 1 cm's plastics disk, the PC polycarbonate hyaline tube of sampling pipe internal diameter and can seal the rubber buffer of sampling pipe bottom and constitute, the pipe support adopts stainless steel, and the aperture is greater than the sampling pipe external diameter.
Further, the anchoring force measuring method includes:
(1) Winding the plant base by a soft rope;
(2) Then hooking the soft rope by using a digital display type tension meter hook with the measuring range of 2.5N;
(3) And slowly pulling out, recording the maximum instantaneous value of the plant in the process of pulling out the sediment, namely the size of the anchoring force of the plant, and in the process of pulling out, if the force exceeds the measuring range of the tension meter, replacing the digital display tension meter with 12.5N, and if the force still exceeds the measuring range of the tension meter, replacing the digital display tension meter with a larger measuring range until the anchoring force can be measured.
Meanwhile, the formula of the force dragged by the water flow of the submerged plant at a specific flow velocity is calculated as follows:
F＝A*m*v 1.5
wherein F is the dragging force (N) to which the plant is subjected, A is the roughness coefficient of the plant, m is the dry weight (kg) of the overground part of the plant, v is the water velocity (m.s) -1 ) The flow rate can be set according to the maximum flow rate which the water area to be recovered may encounter, for example, 0.6 m.s can be used for no flow rate data -1 The roughness coefficient of common submerged plants can be calculated (this flow rate is the flow rate possible in lakes under extreme storm conditions) in Schuten J, davy A J]Oecologia,2000, 123 (4): 445-452, indicating that the sediment conditioned sinking water plant can stably colonize when the plant anchoring force is greater than the drag force, and indicating that the sediment conditioned sinking water plant can stably colonize when the anchoring force is less than the drag forceThe plants cannot be stably planted.
During the concrete operation, the in-situ columnar sediment that will gather is from the sampling tube bottom with the top support plastic stopper from the sampling tube lower extreme top to the position about 2.5cm apart from the upper shed of upper end, and sampling tube frame is fixed to reuse in addition, and a plant propagule is planted respectively in every sampling tube, puts into culture container with the pipe support at last.
Experimental example: the method for evaluating whether the sediment of the double maple lake of Nanchang university is suitable for anchoring and growing the submerged plant hydrilla verticillata comprises the following steps:
(1) 3 parts of sediments at a certain point of the Liangfeng lake of Nanchang university are collected by a columnar mud sampler, the sampling tube is 30cm, when the sediments are less than 30cm, the sediments are jacked from the lower end of the sampling tube to the position of 2-3cm away from the upper end, the lower end of the sampling tube is sealed by a rubber plug, then the sampling tube is placed into a stainless steel sampling tube frame, and the steps are repeated until the sampling number can represent the sediment condition of a region to be recovered.
(2) 3 black algae top branches with good growth, similar biomass and consistent growth vigor and 10cm length are selected from 3 sediments of each sampling point and planted on the surface layer of bottom mud in a sampling pipe for 2-3cm depth, then a sampling pipe frame is placed in a cement pond of a biological garden of Nanchang university, the placing water depth is 100cm, water in the cement pond is aerated tap water, and light is natural illumination; meanwhile, 10 other hydrilla verticillata with the same size is dried to constant weight at 60 ℃, and the biomass is counted as the initial biomass of the cultivated hydrilla verticillata.
(3) Culturing hydrilla verticillata in a cement pond for 6 weeks, observing the growth condition of plants once a week, and if hydrilla verticillata planted in a certain locus deposit dies, indicating that the locus deposit is not suitable for the growth of the hydrilla verticillata; after 6 weeks if the final biomass of the harvested hydrilla verticillata is greater than the starting biomass at planting, it is an indication that hydrilla verticillata is capable of growing in the sediment at that locus.
(4) For surviving hydrilla verticillata, the anchorage force is measured at harvest by the following method:
winding a soft rope at the base of the plant, and hooking the soft rope by using a digital display type tension meter hook with the measuring range of 1-5N; slowly pulling out, and recording the maximum instantaneous value of the plant in the process of pulling out the sediment, namely the anchoring force of the plant; and in the process of pulling out, if the force exceeds the measuring range of the tension meter, the digital tension meter is replaced by a digital display type tension meter of 5-20N.
(5) Judging whether the submerged plants can be stably planted in the water area to be recovered:
the formula of the force dragged by the water flow of the submerged plant at a specific flow velocity is calculated as follows:
F＝A*m*v 1.5
f is the drag force (N) to which the plant is subjected, A is the roughness coefficient of the plant, m is the dry weight (kg) of the overground part of the plant at the time of harvest, v is the water velocity (m.s) -1 ) Since the Liangfeng lake of Nanchang university has no available maximum flow rate, the flow rate is 0.6 m.s -1 Calculation, from the literature Schuten J, davy A J.predictingthe hydroaccurrence forces on merged macromolecules from current velocity, bioglass and morphology [ J]Oecologia,2000, 123 (4): 445-452, the roughness coefficient of the waterweed similar to the shape of the hydrilla verticillata is found to be 1362, the drag force applied to the hydrilla verticillata can be calculated according to the formula and the measured biomass of the overground part of the hydrilla verticillata, when the anchoring force of the hydrilla verticillata is greater than the drag force, the submerged plant under the sediment condition can be stably planted, and when the anchoring force is less than the drag force, the submerged plant under the sediment condition can not be stably planted.
And (5) combining the results of (3) and (5), obtaining which sites of the maple lake are suitable for the growth and stable planting of the hydrilla verticillata, and providing guidance for subsequent ecological restoration engineering, wherein the result of a specific experiment is shown in fig. 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method is simple, the cost is low, and the effect is quick;
(2) The columnar mud sampler is used for collecting undisturbed in-situ columnar sediments to culture submerged plants instead of configuring sediments or mixed sediments collected by the grab bucket mud sampler, so that the relation between the sediments and the growth and anchoring of the plants can be more accurately reflected;
(3) By the method, whether the sediments in the water area to be repaired are suitable for anchoring and growing of the submerged plants can be accurately judged, guidance is provided for ecological restoration engineering, and the engineering can be smoothly implemented.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (1)

1. A method for assessing the suitability of lake sediments for the anchorage and growth of submerged plants, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting a columnar sediment of a to-be-recovered area by using a columnar mud sampler with the inner diameter larger than 5cm, wherein the height of a sediment sampling pipe is 30cm, when the collected sediment is less than 30cm, jacking a sediment from the lower end to the upper end of the sampling pipe to a position 2-3cm away from an upper opening by using a jacking device with a proper size, and then putting the sampling pipe into a stainless steel sampling pipe frame;
s2, selecting a propagule of the submerged plant to be recovered to plant in the sediment, directly broadcasting seeds on the surface of the sediment, and planting the other propagules to the depth of 2-3cm;
s3, placing the stainless steel sampling pipe frame in a culture container placed in an open outdoor place without shielding, wherein the water depth in the container is kept at 1-1.2m;
s4, continuously observing the growth condition of the plant during the culture period of 4-8 weeks, wherein if a propagule cannot germinate and grow or the plant dies midway, the deposit is not suitable for the submerged plant to grow, and if the final biomass of the plant is greater than the initial biomass at the planting time, the plant can grow;
s5, measuring the anchoring force of the plants capable of growing during harvesting;
s6, calculating the dragging force possibly suffered by the submerged plant in the lake to be recovered, comparing the dragging force with the measured anchoring force, and judging whether the submerged plant can be stably planted in the water area to be recovered;
the culture container is a cement pond, a plastic barrel or a plastic box, the culture water is water of a natural water body superior to surface water III or tap water subjected to full aeration, the sampling tube is a PC polycarbonate transparent tube, the jacking device consists of a plastic wafer with the diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the sampling tube and the thickness of 1cm, a PC polycarbonate transparent tube with the outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the sampling tube and a rubber plug capable of sealing the bottom of the sampling tube, the stainless steel sampling tube frame is made of stainless steel, and the aperture is larger than the outer diameter of the sampling tube;
the anchoring force measuring method comprises the following steps:
(1) Winding the plant base by a soft rope;
(2) Then hooking the soft rope by using a digital display type tension meter hook with the measuring range of 1-5N;
(3) Slowly pulling out, recording the maximum instantaneous value of the plant in the process of pulling out the sediment, namely the size of the anchoring force of the plant, replacing the digital display tensiometer with a 5-20N digital display tensiometer if the anchoring force exceeds the measuring range of the tensiometer in the process of pulling out, and replacing the digital display tensiometer with a larger measuring range if the anchoring force still exceeds the measuring range of the tensiometer until the anchoring force can be measured;
the formula of the force dragged by the water flow of the submerged plant at a specific flow velocity is calculated as follows:
F=A * m * v 1.5
wherein F is the dragging force (N) to which the plant is subjected, A is the roughness coefficient of the plant, m is the dry weight (kg) of the overground part of the plant, v is the water velocity (m.s) -1 ) The flow rate is set according to the maximum flow rate which the water area to be recovered may encounter, such as no flow rate data, using 0.6m s -1 And calculating the flow rate which is possible in the lake under the extreme storm condition, when the plant anchoring force is greater than the dragging force, indicating that the submerged plant under the sediment condition can be stably planted, and when the anchoring force is less than the dragging force, indicating that the submerged plant under the sediment condition can not be stably planted.
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