CN107114103B - Plant salt tolerance identification pond and application method thereof - Google Patents
Plant salt tolerance identification pond and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107114103B CN107114103B CN201710437012.4A CN201710437012A CN107114103B CN 107114103 B CN107114103 B CN 107114103B CN 201710437012 A CN201710437012 A CN 201710437012A CN 107114103 B CN107114103 B CN 107114103B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant salt tolerance identification pond and a use method thereof, wherein the structure of the plant salt tolerance identification pond comprises two parts, namely a salt tolerance identification pond and a salinity regulating pond; the salt tolerance appraisal pond is from top to bottom respectively is salt soil layer, sand layer, stone layer and infiltration pipeline, and salt soil layer top sets up the water level observation pipe, contain brine in the salinity equalizing basin, the top sets up water level adjusting device. The pool walls of the salt tolerance identification pool and the salinity regulating pool are marked with graduated scales with the minimum graduation of 0.5 cm. The brine can be diluted by seawater, can be leached by saline-alkali soil, and can be prepared manually. The application method of the plant salt tolerance identification pond comprises five steps of land leveling and plastic film mulching of the salt tolerance identification pond, brine addition of a salinity adjustment pond, preparation of plant materials, adjustment and maintenance of soil salinity and salt damage evaluation. The invention overcomes the defects of uncontrollable salt content and poor stability of the existing salt pond soil and improves the accuracy of plant salt tolerance identification tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is applied to the relevant technical fields of plant salt tolerance screening and identification, and particularly relates to a plant salt tolerance identification pool and a use method thereof.
Background
The salinized land area of the whole world reaches 4 hundred million hectares, the salinized soil can inhibit the growth of plants, so that the crop is greatly reduced in yield, even particles are not harvested, and the method forms a serious threat to agricultural production. The salt tolerance difference between different plant types and varieties is large, the plant salt tolerance is identified, and the screening of the plant types or varieties with strong salt tolerance can effectively reduce the harm of soil salinization to agricultural production by planting in the salinized soil.
At present, a lot of research on plant salt tolerance screening at home and abroad is carried out, and most of the research is carried out by adopting a water culture mode to obtain single salt (such as NaCl) or double salt (such as NaCl and Na) 2 CO 3 ) The salt stress was simulated and the effect of the salt stress was simulated,the salinized soil has various types, so that the influence of the salinized soil on plant growth is very complex, and the identification result of the water planting mode often has a certain gap from the actual one. Meanwhile, the existing method for screening and identifying the salt tolerance of plants through a salt pond has various defects, such as uncontrollable salt content in soil, poor stability, low experimental efficiency and large error.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a plant salt tolerance identification pond with simple structure, good stability and controllable salt content and a use method thereof.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a plant salt tolerance appraisal pond which characterized in that: the plant salt tolerance identification pool consists of a salt tolerance identification pool and a salinity regulating pool; the salt tolerance appraisal pond is connected with the salinity equalizing basin through the shared pool wall of one side, the salt tolerance appraisal pond comprises pool wall and bottom of the pool, is salt soil layer, sand layer, stone layer and oozing water piping from top to bottom respectively in the pond, and salt soil layer top sets up the water level observation pipe, the salinity equalizing basin is enclosed by pool wall and bottom of the pool, holds the brine in the pond, and the top sets up water level regulating device, water level regulating device comprises rumble and suspension solid.
The invention further improves that: the bottom of the pool is constructed on the horizontal ground, and the walls of the salt tolerance identification pool and the salinity regulating pool are marked with graduated scales with the minimum graduation of 0.5 cm.
The invention further improves that: the water level observation tube consists of a cylindrical outer tube and an embedded buoy, the upper end of the outer tube is flush with the upper surface of the saline soil layer, the length of the outer tube is 20 cm, and the embedded buoy is a light cylinder with the length of 8-10 cm.
The invention further improves that: the diameter of the water seepage pipeline is more than 10 cm and less than 30 cm, the water seepage pipeline is communicated with the salinity adjusting tank and the salt tolerance identifying tank, water seepage holes with the diameter of 3-8 mm are uniformly distributed on the pipeline wall, and the density of the water seepage holes is 5-8 per square cm.
The invention further improves that: the thickness of the stone layer is more than 3 times of the diameter of the water seepage pipeline, the thickness of the sand layer is more than 15 cm, and the thickness of the saline soil layer is more than 50 cm.
The invention further improves that: the brine can be diluted by seawater, can be leached by saline-alkali soil, and can be prepared manually.
The application method of the plant salt tolerance identification pool comprises the following steps:
(1) And (5) leveling land in the salt tolerance identification pond and mulching.
According to the scales around the wall of the identification pool, the upper surface of the saline soil layer of the identification pool is arranged to be horizontal, the base fertilizer is applied, the mulch film is covered, and the thickness of the mulch film is 0.04-0.08 mm.
(2) And adding salt water in a salinity regulating tank.
Adding the obtained brine into a salinity regulating tank, wherein the brine water surface height is 40-80 cm lower than the upper surface of a salt soil layer of the identification tank.
(3) Preparation of plant material.
A. The sowing method comprises the following steps: after the plant seeds are sterilized, sowing in an identification pool. When sowing, a wood board is put on the identification pool, a sowing person squats on the wood board, seeds are sowed into the saline soil layer, and then the saline soil layer is covered with a mulching film, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.04-0.08 mm.
B. Seedling transplanting method: sowing plant seeds in a plug tray or a field without salt and alkali stress, and transplanting the plant seeds into an identification pond after seedlings grow to a proper height. When transplanting, firstly covering a mulching film on the saline soil layer, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.04-0.08 mm, then building a wood board on the identification pool, squatting on the wood board by a seedling transplanting personnel, puncturing the mulching film, and transplanting seedlings into the saline soil layer.
(4) And (5) regulating and maintaining the salinity of the soil.
Rotating the windlass at the top of the salinity regulating tank to move the suspended solids downwards, and regulating the saline water surface of the tank to rise so as to maintain the saline water surface at a height 10 cm lower than the upper surface of the saline soil layer. When the upper surface of the buoy in the water level observation pipe is flush with the upper surface of the saline soil layer, the windlass is rotated in the opposite direction, so that suspended solids are lifted, and the saline water level of the pool is regulated to be reduced to the original height. This was done every 3 days to keep the soil salinity stable.
(5) And (5) salt damage evaluation.
10-20 plants are randomly selected, morphological indexes related to salt damage in the whole growth period are recorded, and the salt tolerance of the plants is identified and evaluated by applying a salt tolerance level calculation formula suitable for the crops.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. compared with indoor salt tolerance identification, the method is more objective. According to the invention, plants are directly sowed or transplanted into the saline soil layer, so that the stress of the saline soil on the plants under natural conditions can be better simulated compared with indoor identification, and the influence of waterlogging caused by water planting on the salt tolerance evaluation is avoided, so that the identification and evaluation on the salt tolerance of the plants are carried out more objectively and accurately.
2. The invention is more stable than field identification test. According to the invention, the salt soil layer salinity is uniformly stabilized by utilizing the salt water interaction principle and through covering the surface of the salt soil layer and adjusting the water level of the salinity adjusting tank, so that the result of the salt tolerance identification test is more stable, and the repeatability of the identification result is enhanced.
3. The invention has wide application range. By adjusting the salt and alkali degree of the brine in the salinity regulating tank, the salt tolerance of various crops can be identified in a larger range of salt and alkali degree. Meanwhile, by increasing the thickness of the saline soil layer, the salt tolerance identification of plants with longer root systems can be realized.
4. The invention can gradually increase the salt water concentration to avoid death caused by suddenly facing high-concentration salt stress of the plant seedlings, thereby identifying the true salt tolerance level of the plant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the water seepage pipeline
FIG. 3 shows the comparison of the results of the present invention with the results of 3-time identification of the same variety by indoor hydroponic identification and field identification
In the figure: 1 a salt tolerance identification pool, 2 a salinity regulating pool, 3 pool walls, 4 a graduated scale, 5 a salt soil layer, 6 a sand layer, 7 a stone layer, 8 a water seepage pipeline, 9 diluted seawater, 10 pool bottoms, 11 a water level regulating device, 12 windlasses, 13 suspended solids and 14 water level observation pipes.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made of a plant salt tolerance identification pool and a using method thereof according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a plant salt tolerance identification pool consists of a salt tolerance identification pool 1 and a salinity regulating pool 2; the salt tolerance appraisal pond 1 is connected with salinity equalizing basin 2 through the shared pool wall 3 of one side, salt tolerance appraisal pond 1 comprises pool wall 3 and bottom of the pool 10, is salt soil layer 5, sand layer 6, stone layer 7 and infiltration pipe 8 respectively from top to bottom in the pond, and salt soil layer top sets up water level observation tube 14, salinity equalizing basin 2 is enclosed by pool wall 3 and bottom of the pool 10, holds brine 9 in the pond, and the top sets up water level regulating device 11, water level regulating device 11 comprises rumble 12) and suspension solid 13.
The bottom 10 of the pond is constructed on the horizontal ground, and the pond walls 3 of the salt tolerance identification pond 1 and the salinity regulating pond 2 are marked with graduated scales 4 with the minimum graduation of 0.5 cm.
The water level observation tube 14 consists of a cylindrical outer tube and an embedded buoy, the upper end of the outer tube is flush with the upper surface of the saline soil layer, the length of the outer tube is 20 cm, and the embedded buoy is a light cylinder with the length of 10 cm.
The diameter of the water seepage pipeline 8 is larger than 10 cm and smaller than 30 cm, the water seepage pipeline 8 is communicated with the salinity adjusting tank 2 and the salt tolerance identifying tank 1, water seepage holes with the diameter of 10 mm are uniformly distributed on the pipeline wall, and the density of the water seepage holes is 5 per square cm.
The thickness 7 of the stone layer is larger than 3 times of the diameter of the water seepage pipeline 8, the thickness of the sand layer 6 is larger than 15 cm, and the thickness of the saline soil layer is larger than 50 cm.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (5) leveling land in the salt tolerance identification pond and mulching.
According to the scales around the wall of the identification pool, the upper surface of the saline soil layer of the identification pool is arranged to be horizontal, the base fertilizer is applied, the mulch film is covered, and the thickness of the mulch film is 0.04-0.08 mm.
(2) And adding salt water in a salinity regulating tank.
Adding the obtained brine into a salinity regulating tank, wherein the brine water surface height is 40-80 cm lower than the upper surface of a salt soil layer of the identification tank.
(3) Preparation of plant material.
A. The sowing method comprises the following steps: after the plant seeds are sterilized, sowing in an identification pool. When sowing, a wood board is put on the identification pool, a sowing person squats on the wood board, seeds are sowed into the saline soil layer, and then the saline soil layer is covered with a mulching film, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.04-0.08 mm.
B. Seedling transplanting method: sowing plant seeds in a plug tray or a field without salt and alkali stress, and transplanting the plant seeds into an identification pond after seedlings grow to a proper height. When transplanting, firstly covering a mulching film on the saline soil layer, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.04-0.08 mm, then building a wood board on the identification pool, squatting on the wood board by a seedling transplanting personnel, puncturing the mulching film, and transplanting seedlings into the saline soil layer.
(4) And (5) regulating and maintaining the salinity of the soil.
Rotating the windlass at the top of the salinity regulating tank to move the suspended solids downwards, and regulating the saline water surface of the tank to rise so as to maintain the saline water surface at a height 10 cm lower than the upper surface of the saline soil layer. When the upper surface of the buoy in the water level observation pipe is flush with the upper surface of the saline soil layer, the windlass is rotated in the opposite direction, so that suspended solids are lifted, and the saline water level of the pool is regulated to be reduced to the original height. This was done every 3 days to keep the soil salinity stable.
(5) And (5) salt damage evaluation.
10-20 plants are randomly selected, morphological indexes related to salt damage in the whole growth period are recorded, and the salt tolerance of the plants is identified and evaluated by applying a salt tolerance level calculation formula suitable for the crops.
The plant salt tolerance identification pool is more objective than indoor salt tolerance identification. Compared with indoor identification, the method can better simulate the stress of the saline soil on the plants under natural conditions, and avoid the influence of waterlogging caused by water planting on the salt tolerance evaluation, thereby carrying out the identification evaluation on the salt tolerance of the plants more objectively and accurately. The plant salt tolerance identification pool is more stable than the field identification test. By utilizing the principle of salt water interaction, uniform and stable salt soil layer salinity is realized by covering a film on the surface of the salt soil layer and adjusting the water level of a salinity adjusting tank, so that the result of a salt tolerance identification test is more stable, and the repeatability of the test is enhanced. The plant salt tolerance identification pool has wide application range. By adjusting the salt and alkali degree of the brine in the salinity regulating tank, the salt tolerance of various crops can be identified in a larger range of salt and alkali degree. Meanwhile, by increasing the thickness of the saline soil layer, the salt tolerance identification of plants with longer root systems can be realized. In a word, the plant salt tolerance identification pool has the advantages of wide application range, objective, accurate and stable identification result.
The foregoing is provided by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and is not intended to be limited to the specific constructions and applications illustrated herein, but rather to all modifications and equivalents which may be utilized as fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
The technical features are known to those skilled in the art except the technical features described in the specification.
Implementation example 1: the salt tolerance evaluation was performed by selecting four wheat varieties of mountain-melting No. 3, de-anti No. 961, huai-Mai 20 and Yangmai 11 with different salt tolerance according to the above-mentioned method, and the plant height increment, root length increment, dry weight of the overground part and dry weight of the underground part were measured. From the identification results, the difference of salt tolerance between different materials is extremely remarkable (P is less than 0.01), and the salt tolerance is as follows: mountain melt number 3 > Dekang 961 > Huaimai 20 > Yangmai 11, which is consistent with the known result, shows that the method can be used for identifying the salt tolerance of different wheat varieties.
Implementation example 2: the salt tolerance identification evaluation is carried out by selecting three cabbage type rape varieties with different salt tolerance, namely salt oil impurity No. 3, middle double No. 9 and Qin oil No. 7 according to the mode, and the identification result shows that the salt tolerance difference among different materials is extremely obvious (P is less than 0.01), and the salt tolerance is as follows: the salt oil impurity number 3 is more than middle double number 9 is more than Qin oil number 7, which is consistent with the existing research results, and the method is proved to be applicable to the identification of the salt tolerance of different rape varieties.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a plant salt tolerance appraisal pond which characterized in that: the plant salt tolerance identification pool consists of a salt tolerance identification pool (1) and a salinity regulating pool (2); the salt tolerance identification pond (1) is connected with the salinity regulation pond (2) through a shared pond wall (3) on one side, the salt tolerance identification pond (1) consists of a pond wall (3) and a pond bottom (10), a saline soil layer (5), a sand layer (6), a stone layer (7) and a water seepage pipeline (8) are respectively arranged in the pond from top to bottom, a water level observation pipe (14) is arranged at the top of the saline soil layer, the salinity regulation pond (2) is formed by enclosing the pond wall (3) and the pond bottom (10), brine (9) is contained in the pond, a water level regulating device (11) is arranged above the pond, and the water level regulating device (11) consists of a windlass (12) and a suspension solid (13);
the diameter of the water seepage pipeline (8) is larger than 10 cm and smaller than 30 cm, the water seepage pipeline (8) is communicated with the salinity adjusting tank (2) and the salt tolerance identifying tank (1), water seepage holes with the diameter of 3-8 mm are uniformly distributed on the pipeline wall, and the density of the water seepage holes is 5-8 per square centimeter;
in the salinity regulating tank, the brine surface height should be 40-80 cm lower than the upper surface of the brine layer of the identification tank;
when the water level adjusting device adjusts the salinity of the saline soil layer, the saline water of the adjusting pool is maintained at the height that the upper surface of the saline soil layer is 10 cm downwards.
2. A plant salt tolerance identification cell according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom (10) of the pool is constructed on the horizontal ground, and the pool walls (3) of the salt tolerance identification pool (1) and the salinity regulating pool (2) are marked with graduated scales (4) with minimum graduations of 0.5 cm.
3. A plant salt tolerance identification cell according to claim 1, wherein: the water level observation tube (14) consists of a cylindrical outer tube and an internal buoy, the upper end of the outer tube is flush with the upper surface of the saline soil layer, the length of the outer tube is 20 cm, and the internal buoy is a light cylinder with the length of 8-10 cm.
4. A plant salt tolerance identification cell according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness (7) of the stone layer is larger than 3 times of the diameter of the water seepage pipeline (8), the thickness of the sand layer (6) is larger than 15 cm, and the thickness of the saline soil layer is larger than 50 cm.
5. A plant salt tolerance identification cell according to claim 1, wherein: the brine (9) is diluted by seawater, or is leached by saline-alkali soil, or is prepared manually.
6. A method of using the plant salt tolerance test pool of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Salt tolerance appraisal pond land is leveled and plastic film covers
According to scales around the wall of the identification pond, the upper surface of the saline soil layer of the identification pond is arranged to be horizontal, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied;
(2) Salt water addition to salinity regulating tank
Adding the obtained brine into a salinity regulating tank, wherein the brine water surface height is 40-80 cm lower than the upper surface of a salt soil layer of the identification tank;
(3) Preparation of plant material
The sowing method comprises the following steps: after the plant seeds are sterilized, sowing in an identification pool. When sowing, a wood board is put on the identification pool, a sowing person squats on the wood board, seeds are sowed into the saline soil layer, and then a mulching film is covered on the saline soil layer, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.04-0.08 mm;
seedling transplanting method: sowing plant seeds in a plug tray or a field without salt and alkali stress, and transplanting the plant seeds into an identification pond after seedlings grow to a proper height. Covering a mulching film on a saline soil layer when transplanting, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.04-0.08 mm, then building a wood board on the identification pool, squatting on the wood board by a seedling transplanting personnel, puncturing the mulching film, and transplanting seedlings into the saline soil layer;
(4) Soil salinity regulation and maintenance
Rotating the windlass at the top of the salinity regulating tank to enable the suspended solids to move downwards, regulating the saline water surface of the tank to rise, and keeping the saline water surface at the height of 10 cm downwards on the upper surface of the saline soil layer by referring to scales on the tank wall. When the buoy in the water level observation pipe floats and the upper surface of the buoy is flush with the upper surface of the saline soil layer, balancing for 20 minutes, rotating the windlass in the opposite direction to lift suspended solids, regulating the saline water level of the pool to the original height, and keeping the salinity of soil stable;
(5) Salt damage evaluation
10-20 plants are randomly selected, morphological indexes related to salt damage in the whole growth period are recorded, and the salt tolerance of the plants is identified and evaluated by applying a salt tolerance level calculation formula suitable for the crops.
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| CN108834796A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-11-20 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of construction method of rice at whole growth periods Salt-Tolerance Identification culture apparatus and application |
| CN109526305B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-05-04 | 广东海洋大学 | Experiment table for screening saline-alkali resistant germplasm of rice |
| CN110231440B (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-08-24 | 广东海洋大学 | Dry land and paddy field test device for simulating seawater supply |
| CN110268879B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-06-18 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Saline-alkali tolerant rice identification device and identification method thereof |
| CN110476798A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-22 | 南通大学 | The circulator and its circulation measuring method of crape myrtle Salt resistant test |
| CN112108507A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-22 | 郭峰 | Plant cultivation and identification pool for soil restoration |
| CN112806182A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-05-18 | 广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 | Artificial salt pond system capable of accurately identifying salt tolerance of plants |
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