CN112231639A - Diagnosis method for ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of high-steep coal ash rock slope - Google Patents
Diagnosis method for ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of high-steep coal ash rock slope Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for diagnosing ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of a high steep coal ash rock slope, which comprises the following steps of firstly, investigating field conditions; secondly, investigating soil fertility; thirdly, analyzing the content of the soil related elements; fourthly, analyzing the content of heavy metals in the soil; fifthly, evaluating the heavy metal pollution degree and the potential ecological risk; sixthly, improving measures are provided; seventhly, implementing a specific greening scheme; the method analyzes pollution and defects existing in the rock and soil by performing multi-aspect data monitoring and comparison on rock and soil sampling of the high-steep coal-ash rock slope, purposefully creates plant greening conditions, solves the problem of extreme drought in dry seasons and the influence of toxic and harmful elements or strong acid environment of the bottom of the rock slope, and comprehensively considers the slope gradient, the concentration of toxic substances in the coal-ash rock slope, the slope height, the greening landscape effect, the plant diversity and other factors to set a specific greening scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental greening and ecological restoration, in particular to a method for diagnosing ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of a high-steep coal ash rock slope.
Background
The ecological environment is restored and reconstructed, the control consciousness of people on water and soil loss is improved, the comprehensive treatment progress is accelerated, the planning is done actively, a perfect protection system is established, and plant measures, soil conservation cultivation measures and engineering measures are implemented according to local conditions;
at present, the living standard of people is improved, excessive development exists in certain areas, which can cause pollution and bare problems of toxic and harmful elements in rock and soil, vegetation is cut down, the vegetation coverage rate is reduced, and the ecological environment is damaged, but the ecological environment is reconstructed only by planting vegetation with stubborn vitality, which has the great defect that the toxic and harmful element content, nutrient element deficiency, extreme habitat and the like in rock and soil are not considered, which can cause the phenomena that the nutrition of the planted vegetation cannot be kept up to the ground or heavy metal pollution and the like occur, therefore, the invention provides the diagnosis method for the ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of the high-steep coal ash rock slope to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for diagnosing the ecological reconstruction environment conditions of the high-steep coal ash rock slope, the method for diagnosing the ecological reconstruction environment conditions of the high-steep coal ash rock slope obtains the problems of heavy metal pollution, nutrient element defects and extreme acidity of rock and soil through carrying out multi-aspect data monitoring and comparison on rock and soil sampling, purposefully meets the basic requirements of plant growth on water and nutrition by planting soil formed by artificially constructing a plant growth medium, avoids the toxic and influence of rock percolate, creates plant greening conditions in the aspects of reducing pollution risks caused by drought and rainy season scouring and the like at the source, solves the problem of extreme drought season and the influence of harmful elements of the rock substrate or the extreme acid environment, and comprehensively considers the slope gradient, the toxic substance concentration of the coal ash rock slope, the extreme acid slope and the influence of the toxic elements or the extreme acid environment of the slope, The specific greening scheme is set by factors such as the height of the side slope, the greening landscape effect, the diversity and the sustainability of the plants.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for diagnosing ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of a high steep coal ash rock slope comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, investigating site conditions, investigating a project area on the spot, acquiring information such as illumination intensity, air humidity, air temperature, wind direction and wind speed of the project area on the spot, measuring an excavation gradient, and detecting the pH value of construction water and seepage water;
secondly, investigating soil fertility, namely obtaining samples of coal limestone, plant biological bags and ditch bottom sediments in a project area for indoor analysis and research to obtain the physicochemical properties of the samples of rock quality and soil (plant biological bags and the like), and comparing the physicochemical properties with the average value specified in the agricultural industry standard 'national cultivated land type area, cultivated land soil strength classification' (NY/T309-plus 1996);
analyzing the content of soil-related elements, measuring soil, lithologic elements and anions in the project area, and comparing the measured values with the average value of the content of international or national soil elements;
fourthly, analyzing the content of heavy metals in the soil, detecting rock quality and heavy metal elements in the soil in the project area, comparing and analyzing the rock quality and heavy metal elements with a secondary standard of soil environmental quality standard, and simultaneously performing variance analysis on soil physicochemical properties and pollution degrees of soil and rock quality;
evaluating the heavy metal pollution degree and the potential ecological risk by using a potential ecological risk index method, taking a secondary standard value of soil environment quality standard as a reference value, and researching a pollution degree interval range and a corresponding ecological risk level determined by the Wangzhong under various conditions in multiple places in China in the aspect of heavy metal pollution; calculating pollution factors and comprehensive pollution degree by using a Hakanson potential ecological risk index method; calculating potential ecological risks of the rock quality and the heavy metals in the soil, and drawing a conclusion;
sixthly, providing corresponding improvement measures according to the conclusion obtained in the fifth step;
seventhly, arranging and implementing a specific greening scheme according to the improvement measures proposed in the sixth step;
the further improvement lies in that: the soil fertility in the second step refers to the ability of the soil to provide and coordinate nutritional conditions and environmental conditions for plant growth, is a comprehensive expression of various basic properties of the soil, is the most essential characteristic of the soil which is different from the matrix of the mature soil and other natural bodies, and is also a material basis of the soil as natural resources and agricultural production data.
The further improvement lies in that: the physicochemical properties in the second step include the dry matter content, pH, total phosphorus content, total nitrogen content, etc. of the rock and soil (vegetation bags, etc.) samples.
The further improvement lies in that: the improvement measures in the sixth step are proposed at the core of life servo and guarantee conditions.
The further improvement lies in that: the improvement measures in the sixth step comprise the aspects of substrate stabilization, soil improvement, vegetation restoration, ecological benefit improvement, biodiversity improvement, ecosystem function enhancement and the like.
The further improvement lies in that: the concrete greening scheme in the seventh step needs to be arranged and implemented by comprehensively considering the slope direction of the side slope, the toxic substance concentration of the soil and the coal ash rock side slope, the height of the side slope, the greening landscape effect, economy and feasibility, the plant diversity, the sustainability and other factors, and realizing organic combination of arbor, shrub, vine and grass and collocation of plant species as far as possible.
The further improvement lies in that: the specific greening scheme in the seventh step comprises the aspects of arbor planting grooves, anti-seepage planting pits, anti-seepage plant growing bags, hanging type greening, container greening, painted wall landscapes and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention analyzes the pollution and the defect of the rock quality and the soil by monitoring and comparing the rock quality and the soil of the high steep coal ash rock slope in multiple aspects, and the planting soil formed by artificially constructing the plant growth medium is targeted to meet the basic requirements of plant growth on water and influence, avoid the toxicity and influence of rock percolate, and build plant greening conditions in the aspects of reducing pollution risks caused by drought and rain erosion in dry seasons and the like at the source, solve the problem of extreme drought in dry seasons and the influence of toxic and harmful elements or strong acid environment of the bottom of the rocky side slope, comprehensively consider the factors of slope gradient, coal ash rock side slope toxic substance concentration, side slope height, greening landscape effect, plant diversity, sustainability and the like to set a specific greening scheme, so as to realize organic combination of arbor-shrub-vine-grass and collocation of plant species as much as possible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a layout diagram of a greening restoration scheme for a south slope of a project area according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a layout diagram of a greening restoration scheme for a north slope of a project area according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the present invention, the following detailed description will be made with reference to the following examples, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Examples
According to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a method for diagnosing ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of a high steep coal ash rock slope, including the following steps:
firstly, investigating site conditions, investigating the site of a high and steep rock slope in a project area, according to the site measurement of the last ten days of 5 months, the on-site illumination intensity of the project area is 63509-67815 lux, the air humidity is 40% -60%, the air temperature is 31-34.1 ℃, the wind direction is southeast wind, the wind speed is 1.9-2.0 m/s, the slope of the excavated slope is measured to be 45-55 degrees, the pH value of construction water is measured to be weak acid, and the pH value of seepage water is measured to be strong acid, namely 5.1-5.2, and the pH value of seepage water is measured to be strong acid, which is shown in Table 1 below;
TABLE 1 project site survey conditions
And secondly, investigating soil fertility, wherein the soil fertility refers to the capability of providing and coordinating nutritional conditions and environmental conditions for plant growth, is the comprehensive expression of various basic properties of soil, is the most essential characteristic of soil which is different from soil matrix and other natural bodies, and is also the material basis of soil as natural resources and agricultural production data.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining samples of coal limestone, plant bag soil and ditch bottom sediment in a project area for indoor analysis and research, obtaining physicochemical properties such as dry matter content, pH, total phosphorus content and total nitrogen content of the samples of rock quality and soil (plant bags and the like), comparing the physicochemical properties with the average value specified in the agricultural industry standard national cultivated land type area and cultivated land soil strength grade division (NY/T309 and 1996), and obtaining the measurement result shown in the following table 2;
TABLE 2 analysis results of physicochemical properties of Jinghai highway K15 sample
Comparative analysis of the data in Table 2 shows that pH may be one of the main causes of plant death in the plant growing bag, and pH 4.5 may be the threshold for normal survival of plants in the area. Therefore, how to isolate the dissolution of acidic substances in the bedrock to avoid plant injury may be one of the keys to the success of the plant repair in the area.
The total phosphorus content (TP) of the soil refers to the sum of various forms of phosphorus in the soil. The rock sample TP has larger spatial difference, and the soil TP is lower than the national soil level; in addition, a large part of phosphorus in the acid soil is combined with iron, aluminum, calcium and the like to form insoluble iron phosphate, aluminum phosphate and calcium phosphate, and is fixed to represent ineffective phosphorus, so that the plants are lack of phosphorus.
The Total Nitrogen (TN) of the soil refers to the sum of the contents of various nitrogen elements in the soil. The rock quality TN variation coefficient is 44.54%; the TN variation coefficient of the soil is 25.94 percent. The total nitrogen of mineral soil in China is about 0.1-50 g/kg-1The total nitrogen of the project area is in the range of mineral soil. Compared with the agricultural industry standard of the people's republic of China, namely ' national cultivated land type region and cultivated land soil strength grade division ' (NY/T309-1996), the soil can not reach nine types of soil of lime (rock) soil dry cultivated land type, the fertility is extremely poor, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the soil in the project area is obviously lower than that of normal farmland soil, so that the purpose of vegetation recovery can not be achieved due to the fact that plants are directly planted and the plant nutrition is lack.
Thirdly, analyzing the content of the soil-related elements, measuring the soil, lithologic elements and anions in the project area, comparing the measured values with the average value of the content of the international or national soil elements, and obtaining the measurement result shown in the following table 3;
TABLE 3 analysis results of elements and anions of Jinghai Highway K15 sample
Remarking: the S unit marked "+" is%, equivalent to 10-2The conversion relation with mg/kg is 1% ═ 10000 mg/kg.
As can be seen from Table 3, the rock quality S content and the soil sample S content of the project area are far higher than the soil level of China, and the problem of hydrogen sulfide toxicity can occur due to excessively high sulfur content; the content of rock and soil fluoride is in the soil range of China; the spatial difference of the Cl < - > content of the rock stratum is large, the Cl < - > content of the soil is lower than the average level of the production demonstration area, and the Cl < - > content of the soil is not a limiting factor influencing the survival of plants.
Fourthly, analyzing the content of heavy metals in the soil, detecting the rock quality and heavy metal elements in the soil in the project area, monitoring and analyzing results shown in the following table 4, comparing and analyzing the results with the secondary standard of soil environmental quality standard, and simultaneously performing variance analysis on the physical and chemical properties and the pollution degree of the soil and the rock quality, wherein the analysis results are shown in the following table 5;
TABLE 4 weight (unit: mg. kg) of Haicha K15 sample-1)
Remarking: the Al unit marked "-" is%, equivalent to 10-2The conversion relation with mg/kg is 1% ═ 10000 mg/kg.
As can be seen from Table 4, the overproof rate of the rock Cr content and the soil Cr content of the project area is 100% relative to the secondary standard value of the soil environmental quality Standard (GB15618-1996), and the contents of Hg, As and Ni are overproof; in addition, the average values of Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn in the soil and the average values of Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn in the rock are not beyond the standard.
High content of rock Al and soil Al in project area, and high content of SO4 2+And Al3+It was shown that soluble aluminium minerals containing sulphur, after dissolution in water, may release H by hydrolysis+Strong acidity of the bedrock and soil is brought about, which may be responsible for the low pH in this area.
TABLE 5 analysis of variance of soil and rock quality related indexes
As can be seen from Table 5, the pH, TP, SO42-, Cr and lithology in the soil have very significant differences (P < 0.01); the soil S, TN, Cd, Cu, Al and rock have significant difference (P is less than 0.05); other indices were not statistically different (P > 0.05).
Fifthly, evaluating the heavy metal pollution degree and the potential ecological risk by using a potential ecological risk index method, taking a secondary standard value of soil environment quality standard as a reference value, and adopting a pollution degree interval range and a corresponding ecological risk level determined by a Wang Xiong research on heavy metal pollution under various conditions in multiple places in China, wherein the details are shown in the following table 6; the pollution factors and the comprehensive pollution degree calculated by using the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method are shown in the following table 7; calculating the potential ecological risks of the rock quality and the heavy metals in the soil, and obtaining a conclusion as shown in the following table 8;
TABLE 6 pollution level and potential ecological Risk level
TABLE 7 soil heavy metal pollution factor and comprehensive pollution degree
As can be seen from Table 7, the pollution factors of the rock and the eight heavy (similar) metals in the soil have larger differences, wherein the Cd pollution factor 7.57 is in a higher pollution degree, As belongs to a medium pollution degree, and the pollution factors of other elements are less than 1 and belong to a low pollution degree.
TABLE 8 potential ecological risk coefficient and comprehensive potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in soil
As can be seen from Table 8, the ecological risks of the rock heavy metal potential risk coefficient and the soil heavy metal potential risk coefficient in the project area reach a moderate level.
From the perspective of rock quality and soil single pollution elements, the ecological risk of the potential ecological risk coefficient of Cd reaches a high pollution degree, while the potential ecological risk of the rest heavy metal elements is a low pollution degree, from the perspective of overall pollution degree, the order of the influence degree of each pollutant of rock quality on the ecological risk is Cd > Hg > As > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb > Zn, and the soil order is Cd > Hg > As > Ni > Cu > Cr > Pb > Zn, which are basically consistent, and it can be seen that the background value content of Cd in rock quality is high, so that the potential ecological risk of Cd in soil is high, and on the other hand, the Cd has a large biological toxicity coefficient.
The obtained rock quality and soil are drought, extremely acidic, barren and steep; the content of sulfur reaches the level of coal mine, the content of aluminum is extremely high, and the conditions of the vertical place are extremely poor; the heavy metal content is abnormal, the rock quality and the soil eight heavy metals belong to medium-level potential ecological risks, the main pollution factor is Cd, and the pollution index and the potential ecological risk coefficient of the Cd play decisive roles in the comprehensive pollution index and the comprehensive potential ecological risk index respectively.
Sixthly, providing improvement measures in the aspects of stabilizing the substrate, improving the soil, recovering vegetation, improving ecological benefits, improving biodiversity, enhancing the functions of an ecological system and the like according to the conclusion obtained in the fifth step by the core of life servo and guarantee conditions;
and seventhly, comprehensively considering the slope gradient and slope direction of the side slope, the toxic substance concentration of the soil and coal ash rock side slope, the height of the side slope, the landscape effect of greening, economy and feasibility, plant diversity, sustainability and other factors according to the improvement measures provided in the sixth step, and realizing the organic combination of arbor, shrub, vine and grass and the arrangement of plant species as much as possible to implement a specific greening scheme, wherein the specific greening scheme comprises aspects of arbor planting grooves, anti-seepage planting pits, anti-seepage vegetation bags, hanging type greening, container greening, painted wall landscape and the like.
The method for diagnosing the ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of the high and steep coal ash rocky slope analyzes the pollution and defects existing in the rocky and soil by carrying out multi-aspect data monitoring and comparison on the sampling of the rocky and soil of the high and steep coal ash rocky slope, and the planting soil formed by artificially constructing the plant growth medium is targeted to meet the basic requirements of plant growth on moisture and influence, avoid the toxicity and influence of rock percolate, and create plant greening conditions in the aspects of dissolving risks caused by drought and rain erosion in dry seasons at the source, solve the problem of extreme drought in dry seasons and the influence of toxic and harmful elements or strong acid environment of the bottom of the rock slope, and comprehensively consider the factors of slope gradient, coal ash rock slope toxic substance concentration, slope height, greening landscape effect, plant diversity and the like to set a specific greening scheme so as to realize organic combination and collocation of arbor-shrub-vine-grass as far as possible.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A method for diagnosing ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of a high steep coal ash rock slope is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, investigating site conditions, investigating a project area on the spot, acquiring information such as illumination intensity, air humidity, air temperature, wind direction and wind speed of the project area on the spot, measuring an excavation gradient, and detecting the pH value of construction water and seepage water;
secondly, investigating soil fertility, namely obtaining samples of coal limestone, plant biological bags and ditch bottom sediments in a project area for indoor analysis and research to obtain the physicochemical properties of the samples of rock quality and soil (plant biological bags and the like), and comparing the physicochemical properties with the average value specified in the agricultural industry standard 'national cultivated land type area, cultivated land soil strength classification' (NY/T309-plus 1996);
analyzing the content of soil-related elements, measuring soil, lithologic elements and anions in the project area, and comparing the measured values with the average value of the content of international or national soil elements;
fourthly, analyzing the content of heavy metals in the soil, detecting rock quality and heavy metal elements in the soil in the project area, comparing and analyzing the rock quality and heavy metal elements with a secondary standard of soil environmental quality standard, and simultaneously performing variance analysis on soil physicochemical properties and pollution degrees of soil and rock quality;
evaluating the heavy metal pollution degree and the potential ecological risk by using a potential ecological risk index method, taking a secondary standard value of soil environment quality standard as a reference value, and researching a pollution degree interval range and a corresponding ecological risk level determined by the Wangzhong under various conditions in multiple places in China in the aspect of heavy metal pollution; calculating pollution factors and comprehensive pollution degree by using a Hakanson potential ecological risk index method; calculating potential ecological risks of the rock quality and the heavy metals in the soil, and drawing a conclusion;
sixthly, providing corresponding improvement measures according to the conclusion obtained in the fifth step;
and seventhly, arranging and implementing a specific greening scheme according to the improvement measures proposed in the sixth step.
2. The method for diagnosing the ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of the high-steep-ash rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the soil fertility in the second step refers to the ability of the soil to provide and coordinate nutritional conditions and environmental conditions for plant growth, is a comprehensive expression of various basic properties of the soil, is the most essential characteristic of the soil which is different from the matrix of the mature soil and other natural bodies, and is also a material basis of the soil as natural resources and agricultural production data.
3. The method for diagnosing the ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of the high-steep-ash rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the physicochemical properties in the second step include the dry matter content, pH, total phosphorus content, total nitrogen content, etc. of the rock and soil (vegetation bags, etc.) samples.
4. The method for diagnosing the ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of the high-steep-ash rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the improvement measures in the sixth step are proposed at the core of life servo and guarantee conditions.
5. The method for diagnosing the ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of the high-steep-ash rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the improvement measures in the sixth step comprise the aspects of substrate stabilization, soil improvement, vegetation restoration, ecological benefit improvement, biodiversity improvement, ecosystem function enhancement and the like.
6. The method for diagnosing the ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of the high-steep-ash rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the concrete greening scheme in the seventh step needs to be arranged and implemented by comprehensively considering the slope direction of the side slope, the toxic substance concentration of the soil and the coal ash rock side slope, the height of the side slope, the greening landscape effect, economy and feasibility, the plant diversity, the sustainability and other factors, and the organic combination of arbor, shrub, vine and grass and the configuration mode of plant species are realized as far as possible.
7. The method for diagnosing the ecological reconstruction environmental conditions of the high-steep-ash rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific greening scheme in the seventh step comprises the aspects of arbor planting grooves, anti-seepage planting pits, anti-seepage plant growing bags, hanging type greening, container greening, painted wall landscapes and the like.
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