CN113787786A - 一种夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113787786A
CN113787786A CN202110907917.XA CN202110907917A CN113787786A CN 113787786 A CN113787786 A CN 113787786A CN 202110907917 A CN202110907917 A CN 202110907917A CN 113787786 A CN113787786 A CN 113787786A
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noctilucent
woven
fabric
coating
cloth
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CN113787786B (zh
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王清清
张嘉雯
张欣欣
刘兴谱
魏取福
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Jiangnan University
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    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料，该功能面料表面先后涂覆夜光涂层及光敏剂涂层得到。夜光粉作为蓄太阳能的材料，通过刮涂的方式将其涂覆于织物上，吸收和储存日光中的紫外光和可见光，切断光源后将储存的能量以荧光的形式释放出来，发出的荧光被光敏剂吸收，在光照下增强抗菌效果，在暗室有氧环境中持续产生活性氧物质，达到协同增效抗菌的目的。非织造布的上下层通过图案压花结合，有良好透气性和吸湿性。本发明由于基材为普通的非织造物，因而可以将其应用在人们日常的用品上，特别是户外用品中如帐篷等，实现暗室抗菌效果，同时由于色彩的可更换可以实现户外用品的醒目性。

Description

一种夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于夜光抗菌型面料领域，具体涉及一种夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
众所周知，微生物特别是细菌和霉菌极易在各种织物上繁殖，其中各种户外用品常用于野外，非常容易滋生细菌，而微生物的侵染除对人体造成疾病以外，还可酿成如恶臭、发霉、变质等多种不良后果。随着人们生活水平和卫生意识进一步的提高，越来越多的年轻人和家庭出行游玩时，选择野外进行活动。人们对各种户外运动产品的需求激增，在追求产品的美观、舒适的同时，对其卫生保健功能提出了更高的要求，生产具有抗菌功能的帐篷等户外用品是使人们免受或少受细菌侵害的有效途径之一，因此具有抗菌功能的帐篷越来越受到人们的青睐，具有巨大的开发潜力和应用市场。
市场上常常采用以抗菌剂直接涂层、加固整理到织物表面的方法，使织物具有抗菌效果，而抗菌剂的种类繁多，抗菌材料通常为金属离子，抗生素等。但金属离子对人体有一定的毒副作用，而抗生素的大量使用易使细菌产生耐药性， 而光动力抗菌可以很好地解决上述问题，有着高效快速，可局部使用，不易产生耐药性等的优点。但光敏抗菌剂的一个必要条件就是光照，当光源切断后光敏剂无法产生活性氧物质（ROS），使光驱动抗菌材料的抗菌性能变差，使其在暗室中无法发挥作用，应用场景受限。
发明内容
技术问题：针对现有技术不足，本发明提供了一种夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料及其制备方法，解决了织物面料表面易滋生繁殖微生物，以及普通负载光敏抗菌剂的面料在暗室环境中难以产生抗菌作用的技术问题。
技术方案：
本发明提供了一种夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料，其特征在于，包括机织棉布或非织造布基材，所述基材在表面敷有夜光粉/光敏剂涂层后形成夜光抗菌基材，所述夜光粉为稀土铝酸锶夜光粉，所述光敏剂为孟加拉玫瑰红光敏剂。
所述的机织棉布基材是以天然棉纤维为原料，将棉线通过机织技术织造形成的面料；所述非织造布基材是以聚丙烯为原料，通过高温熔融纺丝形成的纤维在高速热气流的夹持牵引下被拉伸细化并喷射，利用余热自粘接形成网状结构纤维集合体。
其中，所述机织棉布基材的微孔结构和非织造布基材纤维直径为2-5 μm且排列杂乱无序，具有三维多微孔结构。
本发明还提供了一种夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料的制备方法，包括机织棉布或非织造布基材的织造、夜光粉/光敏剂涂层的调配以及夹层结构的形成，具体步骤如下：
（1）机织棉布或非织造布基材的织造：采用机织/熔喷法制造棉布或非织造布；
（2）夜光粉/光敏剂涂层的调配：
（2.1）涂层的初步处理：将棉布或非织造布裁成20 cm×15 cm大小的方形布，20cm为经纱方向，15 cm为纬纱方向，该织物厚度为0.16 m；夜光粉含量为75%；烧杯中加入15g夜光粉、5 g透明尼龙胶浆后，用移液枪加入4 mL去离子水，用玻璃棒搅拌至肉眼观察均匀；
（2.2）将经步骤（2.1）处理后的混合物利用丝网印刷刮涂至机织棉布或非织造布基材上，放入130℃烘箱 3 min烘干；
（2.3）烧杯中加入6 g PVA-SbQ后用量筒量取60 mL去离子水，用玻璃棒搅拌至PVA-SbQ在水中充分溶解后，称取0.06 g孟加拉玫瑰红加入溶液中，搅拌均匀，静置沉淀5min，取上层均匀分散的孟加拉玫瑰红溶液全部加至容器中，将经步骤（2.2）处理后的机织棉布或非织造布基材浸泡10 min后取出，无夜光涂层的一面贴近铝箔纸，放入60℃烘箱中烘至夜光粉涂层面干燥后取出翻面，再烘至整块织物干燥后取出；
（2.4）将敷有涂层的织物基材用紫外光灯光照2 h使涂层与织物交联加固，得到处理好的夜光抗菌基材；
（3）夹层结构的形成：将步骤（2）得到的机织棉布或非织造布基材，与另外一层未经任何处理的机织棉布或非织造布基材通过压花工艺用针线图案方式将两片基材缝合在一起，含夜光层的一面在两片基材中间，形成夹层结构。
有益效果：
（1）本发明织物由机织棉布或非织造布基材为主要生产原料，其具有柔软手感好、舒适性高的特点。但织物的吸湿性高、微孔结构给细菌提供大量附着点有利于细菌繁殖，负载后可有效改善这一情况；
（2）本发明利用夜光粉作为储光能的材料，通过丝网印刷的方式涂覆于织物基材上，在光照条件下吸收紫外光和可见光，并将光能储存，在黑暗中以荧光的形式释放出来，发出的荧光可被光敏剂吸收，从而在暗室有氧环境中也能起到抗菌作用，达到全天候抗菌的目的；
（3）本发明的夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料由于光敏剂的存在，在光照和暗室的情况下，对金黄色葡萄球菌均具有良好的灭杀效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明的表面微观结构图及截面的激光共聚焦扫描显微镜图；
图2为本发明稀土铝酸锶夜光粉SAOED的荧光发射和激发光谱以及孟加拉玫瑰红RB的紫外-可见光吸收光谱图；
图3为本发明以KI为底物检测孟加拉玫瑰红RB的单线态氧检测图；
图4为本发明光-暗周期循环光动力材料抗金黄色葡萄球菌的性能效果图；
图5为本发明在循环光照-黑暗条件下(白色照射和灰色暗期照射)对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合本发明的附图，对本发明的实施例作进一步清楚、详细的描述。本实施例所涉及的仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
本实验样品为稀土铝酸锶夜光粉/孟加拉玫瑰红负载机织棉布，共分为三个步骤：第一步将规格为80 s 151×152根/吋的平纹机织棉织物裁成20 cm×15 cm（20 cm为经纱方向，15 cm为纬纱方向）大小的方形布，该织物厚度为0.16 m。烧杯中加入15 g夜光粉、5 g透明尼龙胶浆后，用移液枪加入4 mL去离子水，用玻璃棒搅拌至肉眼观察均匀。
第二步将经处理后的混合物利用丝网印刷刮涂至机织棉布或非织造布基材上，放入130℃烘箱 3 min烘干。
第三步在烧杯中加入6 g PVA-SbQ后用量筒量取60 mL去离子水（10% w/v PVA-SbQ/去离子水），用玻璃棒搅拌至PVA-SbQ在水中充分溶解后，称取0.06 g孟加拉玫瑰红（1%w/w 孟加拉玫瑰红/PVA-SbQ）加入溶液中，搅拌均匀，静置沉淀5 min，取上层均匀分散的孟加拉玫瑰红溶液全部加至容器中，将处理后的机织棉布或非织造布基材浸泡10 min后取出，无夜光涂层的一面贴近铝箔纸，放入60℃烘箱中烘至夜光粉涂层面干燥后取出翻面，再烘至整块织物干燥后取出。最后将敷有涂层的织物基材用紫外光灯光照2h使涂层与织物交联加固，最终制得以发光夜光粉为背景的光动力抗菌织物。
图1为本发明的基材的表面微观结构图及截面的激光共聚焦扫描显微镜图，其中a为棉纱线表面形貌扫描电镜图，b为基材表面微观形貌扫描电镜图，c为截面微观形貌扫描电镜图；d为夜光抗菌面料的截面激光共聚焦扫描显微镜图。
图2为本发明稀土铝酸锶夜光粉SAOED的荧光发射和激发光谱以及孟加拉玫瑰红RB的紫外-可见光吸收光谱图；对于稀土铝酸锶夜光粉SAOED，其在368 nm左右有一个典型的激发峰，激发光谱覆盖紫外光和可见光，意味着太阳光即可以激发夜光粉储存太阳能；在512 nm左右是稀土铝酸锶夜光粉SAOED的光致发光光谱的最大发射波长（激发波长为368nm）；孟加拉玫瑰红RB的紫外可见光谱在540 nm左右处有一个强峰；RB吸收光谱与SAOED发射光谱重叠范围较大，为夜光粉向孟加拉玫瑰红供能可行性提供了有力依据。
图3为本发明以KI为底物检测孟加拉玫瑰红的单线态氧检测图。样品2为只含有稀土铝酸锶夜光粉SAOED的基材，为对照组，样品3为同时含有稀土铝酸锶夜光粉SAOED和孟加拉玫瑰红RB的基材，样品4为只含有孟加拉玫瑰红RB的基材。用KI作为间接检测单线态氧的底物，孟加拉玫瑰红在光照下产生了单线态氧可以氧化KI，使得I-被氧化成I3-，在 352 nm左右出现吸收峰，其吸光度随着I3-的浓度增多而逐渐变大，对相关样品进行20 min时长的光-暗疲劳周期循环光辐射实验（光照5 min，暗室15 min），如图所示样品2无光氧化效果。样品3和样品4的单线态氧主要在光照期间产生，而样品4在黑暗中不产生1O2，样品3在黑暗中仍然可以产生少量1O2（暗室中，样品3在365 nm处的吸光度曲线呈上升趋势），这很好的证明了光是发生抗菌光动力灭活的必要因素之一：当光源切断，抗菌光动力灭活机制暂停。样品4在暗室中由夜光粉发出余辉作为光源可以延续抗菌光动力灭活的发生。当光源再次照射样品，ROS产量显著增加，活性没有明显降低。在四个循环周期后样品3表现出比样品4更强的光氧化活性，这主要体现在样品3在365 nm处的吸光度是样品4的约2.36倍，表明夜光粉供能下，光动力材料的1O2产量大大增加，即夜光粉对于孟加拉玫瑰红产生1O2有增效作用。
图4在对光动力材料进行光-暗周期抗菌效果测试时，将细菌溶液与材料提前暗室接触 40 min，再进行接续的抗菌实验。结果表明，在20 min光照后，样品3和样品4的抑菌率分别为93.3858%和96.9767%。比上述实验中未进行暗接触的样品抑菌率分别增加0.72个对数单位和0.98个对数单位，再一次验证了暗接触可以提高光动力失活效率。在进行第一次40 min暗室后，发现样品4有细菌繁殖，细菌存活率由3.0232%上升至4%，而样品3在暗室中并无细菌再次增殖现象的发生，这一现象表明对于夜光粉增效的孟加拉玫瑰红材料来说，在光源切断时具有抑制细菌再次繁殖的功能。两个光-暗循环后，样品2（无光敏剂对照组）在光照和暗室中都没有抗菌效果，样品4抑菌率为99.9879%，样品3抑菌率达到99.9965%（增加 0.544个对数单位），这与上述底物氧化和电子顺磁共振波谱结果一致。总而言之，该实验证明夜光粉对光敏剂杀菌效果有协同增效作用。
图5为本发明在循环光照-黑暗条件下(白色照射和灰色暗期照射)对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能图。由图可见，光敏剂可以破坏金黄色葡萄球菌的结构，加入夜光粉后，金黄色葡萄球菌的结构被破坏的更加彻底，以上均可证明稀土铝酸锶夜光粉和孟加拉玫瑰红具有协同增效的抗菌效果。

Claims (3)

1.一种夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料，其特征在于，包括机织棉布或非织造布基材，所述基材在表面敷有夜光粉/光敏剂涂层后形成夜光抗菌基材，所述夜光粉为稀土铝酸锶夜光粉，所述光敏剂为孟加拉玫瑰红光敏剂；
所述的机织棉布基材是以天然棉纤维为原料，将棉线通过机织技术织造形成的面料；所述非织造布基材是以聚丙烯为原料，通过高温熔融纺丝形成的纤维在高速热气流的夹持牵引下被拉伸细化并喷射，利用余热自粘接形成网状结构纤维集合体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料，特征在于，所述机织棉布基材的微孔结构和非织造布基材纤维直径为2-5 μm且排列杂乱无序，具有三维多微孔结构。
3.一种根据权利要求1-2任一所述的夜光储能长效光动力抗菌型面料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括机织棉布或非织造布基材的织造、夜光粉/光敏剂涂层的调配以及夹层结构的形成，步骤如下：
（1）机织棉布或非织造布基材的织造：采用机织/熔喷法制造棉布或非织造布；
（2）夜光粉/光敏剂涂层的调配：
（2.1）涂层的初步处理：将棉布或非织造布裁成20 cm×15 cm大小的方形布，20 cm为经纱方向，15 cm为纬纱方向，该织物厚度为0.16 m；夜光粉含量为75%；烧杯中加入15 g夜光粉、5 g透明尼龙胶浆后，用移液枪加入4 mL去离子水，用玻璃棒搅拌至肉眼观察均匀；
（2.2）将经步骤（2.1）处理后的混合物利用丝网印刷刮涂至机织棉布或非织造布基材上，放入130℃烘箱 3 min烘干；
（2.3）烧杯中加入6 g PVA-SbQ后用量筒量取60 mL去离子水，用玻璃棒搅拌至PVA-SbQ在水中充分溶解后，称取0.06 g孟加拉玫瑰红加入溶液中，搅拌均匀，静置沉淀5 min，取上层均匀分散的孟加拉玫瑰红溶液全部加至容器中，将经步骤（2.2）处理后的机织棉布或非织造布基材浸泡10 min后取出，无夜光涂层的一面贴近铝箔纸，放入60℃烘箱中烘至夜光粉涂层面干燥后取出翻面，再烘至整块织物干燥后取出；
（2.4）将敷有涂层的织物基材用紫外光灯光照2h使涂层与织物交联加固，得到处理好的夜光抗菌基材；
（3）夹层结构的形成：将步骤（2）得到的机织棉布或非织造布基材，与另外一层未经任何处理的机织棉布或非织造布基材通过压花工艺用针线图案方式将两片基材缝合在一起，含夜光层的一面在两片基材中间，形成夹层结构。
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