CN113785131A - 节段式的轴向滑动轴承 - Google Patents

节段式的轴向滑动轴承 Download PDF

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CN113785131A
CN113785131A CN202080033415.2A CN202080033415A CN113785131A CN 113785131 A CN113785131 A CN 113785131A CN 202080033415 A CN202080033415 A CN 202080033415A CN 113785131 A CN113785131 A CN 113785131A
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segments
segment
preparation
wedge
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S·维茨
K·克里克曼
N·卡瓦斯
R·波波维奇
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ZF Wind Power Antwerpen NV
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
    • F16C17/047—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with fixed wedges to generate hydrodynamic pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
    • F16C17/06—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings
    • F16C17/065—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings the segments being integrally formed with, or rigidly fixed to, a support-element
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    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
    • F16C17/06—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with tiltably-supported segments, e.g. Michell bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F16C33/1065—Grooves on a bearing surface for distributing or collecting the liquid
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    • F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F16C33/1075—Wedges, e.g. ramps or lobes, for generating pressure
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F16C33/108—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid with a plurality of elements forming the bearing surfaces, e.g. bearing pads
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
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    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/26—Brasses; Bushes; Linings made from wire coils; made from a number of discs, rings, rods, or other members

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种轴向滑动轴承，轴向滑动轴承具有在物理上相互隔开的、分别为一体式的至少两个节段(105)。至少一个节段(105)具有用作滑动面的至少一个楔形面(103)。

Description

节段式的轴向滑动轴承
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的轴向滑动轴承、一种根据权利要求2的前序部分所述的轴向滑动轴承、一种根据权利要求6的前序部分所述的轴向滑动轴承、以及一种根据权利要求7的前序部分所述的轴向滑动轴承。
文献DE 10 2016 219 002 A1公开了一种用于行星齿轮的轴向滑动轴承，该轴向滑动轴承形状配合地被固定以防旋转。用于行星齿轮的相应两个轴向滑动轴承在此彼此不同。由于在行星销中存在台阶，因此无法在行星齿轮的两侧使用结构相同的轴向滑动轴承。
此外，从现有技术已知一种所谓的倾斜节段轴承和具有楔形面(Tapered Land)的轴向滑动轴承。
本发明所基于的目的在于，使得能够提供一种轴向滑动轴承，该轴向滑动轴承不具有从现有技术已知的解决方案的固有缺点。尤其，轴承的制造和装配应是成本有效的。
这个目的通过根据权利要求1所述的轴向滑动轴承、根据权利要求2所述的轴向滑动轴承、根据权利要求6所述的轴向滑动轴承、以及根据权利要求7所述的轴向滑动轴承实现。优选的改进方案被包含在从属权利要求中并且从在附图中展示的实施例中获得。
轴向滑动轴承是指被设计成用于吸收与滑动轴承的旋转轴线平行地延伸的力的滑动轴承。该轴向滑动轴承的突出之处在于，该轴向滑动轴承仅可以在一个方向上吸收轴向力，即与旋转轴线平行地延伸的力。该轴向滑动轴承无法吸收相反延伸的轴向力。吸收相反延伸的轴向力的装置形成了另外的轴向滑动轴承。
根据本发明的第一轴向滑动轴承具有在物理上相互隔开的、分别为一体式的至少两个、优选地至少三个、四个或五个两个节段。即，轴向滑动轴承的每个单独的节段是一体式地实施的。这些节段中的相应两个节段在物理上相互隔开，即，它们是分开的部段。尤其，没有任何两个节段一体式地相互连接。优选地，此外这些节段彼此分开布置，使得没有任何两个节段彼此接触。
根据本发明，第一轴向滑动轴承的一个或多个、优选地至少两个、三个、四个或五个节段分别具有一个或多个楔形面。
根据本发明的第二轴向滑动轴承具有正好一个节段。该节段是一体式地设计的。
根据本发明，所述节段沿其绕所述轴向滑动轴承的旋转轴线的延伸被中断。这意味着，该节段不是绕旋转轴线以自身闭合的形式延伸。替代于此，该节段的延伸被不含该节段的间隙中断。尤其，节段和节段的一部分既不关于旋转轴线、也不关于另外的轴线旋转对称。
上述楔形面分别形成滑动面。这意味着，它们被设计成以共用的、优选圆环形的滑动面形成一对滑动面。一对滑动面的这两个滑动面可相对于彼此旋转并且在旋转时相对于彼此滑离。滑动面之间的间隙优选地被填充以润滑剂，由此在滑动面之间产生液体摩擦或混合摩擦。
轴向滑动轴承的一对滑动面的滑动面被设计成用于至少在轴向方向上相互传递力。即，一对滑动面的第一滑动面被设计成用于将特定轴向方向上的力传递至这一对滑动面的第二滑动面。反之，该第二滑动面被设计成用于将在轴向方向上与之相反地延伸的力传递至第一滑动面。
根据本发明的轴向滑动轴承的楔形面与常规楔形面轴承的楔形面功能相同。对应地，常规楔形面轴承的楔形面的形状可以转移至根据本发明的轴向滑动轴承的楔形面。因此，这些楔形面中的一个楔形面优选地是关于径向于、即正交于滑动轴承的旋转轴线的平面倾斜的平坦表面。关于平面倾斜的表面与该平面反平行地延伸。平面围绕其倾斜的轴线至少部分地径向延伸、优选仅径向延伸。在至少部分地径向延伸的轴线的情况下，该轴线的延伸的方向矢量径向地定向。楔形面优选地分别与平面围成锐角。
根据本发明的轴向滑动轴承的单独节段极易装配。这在轴承较大的情况下是尤其有利的。因为每个单独的节段相对较小，因此还可以使用被提供用于较小的滑动轴承的材料。尤其可以使用用于具有对应成本优势的、以大型工业规模制造的轴承的材料。
在一个优选的改进方案中，一个或多个、优选地全部节段具有至少两个、优选地三个、四个或五个楔形面。
在此外优选的改进方案中，楔形面关于滑动轴承的旋转轴线彼此旋转对称。即，楔形面可以通过绕滑动轴承的旋转轴线旋转一个或多个旋转角度而互相映射。
在一个优选的改进方案中，槽在这些楔形面中的相应两个楔形面之间延伸。槽优选地至少部分地、优选地完全地关于轴向滑动轴承的旋转轴线径向延伸。
本发明所基于的构思可以通过以下方式实现：该至少一个节段或该正好一个节段具有至少一个倾斜节段而不是至少一个楔形面。涉及楔形面的上述实施方案在此在进行必要变通的情况下还适用于倾斜节段。
在此外优选的改进方案中，轴向滑动轴承的一个或多个、优选地全部节段分别具有至少一个孔以进行油供应。该至少一个孔优选地是这样的通孔，该通孔尤其是在这些楔形面中的两个楔形面之间延伸的槽中。
优选地，轴向滑动轴承可以通过可旋转支承的支架得以改进。该支架优选地是一体式构件。一个或多个、优选地全部节段刚性地(即没有相对移动的可能地)固定在支架中。该固定优选地形状配合地进行。
在一个优选的改进方案中，借助于支架中的凹陷来固定这些节段。该支架因此具有一个或多个凹陷来容纳各个节段。节段因此被插入到凹陷中，使得在节段与凹陷之间相应地形成形状配合的连接。凹陷在此被设计成各个节段的凹形部。
支架优选地通过通入凹陷中的至少一条润滑剂线路得以改进。由此，润滑剂线路以引导润滑剂的方式与孔相连接。以这种方式，可以将润滑剂引入到轴向滑动轴承中。
根据本发明的轴向滑动轴承及其优选的改进方案特别适用于将行星齿轮支承在行星架中。为了支承行星齿轮，优选地设置有两个根据本发明的轴向滑动轴承，这两个轴向滑动轴承位于行星齿轮的相反的端侧。这两个端侧在此各自与楔形面或倾斜节段一起形成一对滑动面。行星架的颊板优选地分别用作轴向滑动轴承的节段的支架。
本发明可以实现在行星齿轮的两侧使用结构相同的轴向滑动轴承。
在附图中展示了本发明的优选实施例。在此，一致的附图标记指代相同或功能相同的特征。在附图中：
图1示出了具有楔形面的节段式的轴向滑动轴承；以及
图2示出了具有倾斜节段的节段式的轴向滑动轴承。
在图1中展示了行星架101。该行星架的颊板具有凹陷103。凹陷103是轴向滑动轴承节段105的凹形部。当轴向滑动轴承节段105插入到凹陷103中时，该轴向滑动轴承节段形状配合地被该凹陷固定。
在凹陷103的底部存在槽107。润滑剂线路109通入槽107中。
轴向滑动轴承节段105具有沿着轴向方向延伸的通孔111。通孔111朝一侧通入轴承间隙中，朝另一侧通入槽107中。以这种方式，在润滑剂线路109与通孔111之间形成了引导润滑剂的连接。
轴向滑动轴承节段105设有楔形面113。槽115在楔形面113之间延伸。通孔111通入这些槽中。楔形面113与另一滑动面(例如行星齿轮的端面)一起形成上述轴承间隙。
在图2中展示的轴向滑动轴承节段201在其基本形状方面与图1中展示的轴向滑动轴承节段105相对应。代替楔形面113，该轴向滑动轴承节段具有倾斜节段203。通过通孔205进行润滑，这些通孔通入各个凹陷207中，相应的倾斜节段203借助该凹陷被固定。
附图标记清单
101 行星架
103 凹陷
105 轴向滑动轴承节段
107 槽
109 润滑剂线路
111 通孔
113 楔形面
115 槽
201 轴向滑动轴承节段
203 倾斜节段
205 轴向滑动轴承节段
207 凹陷

Claims (11)

1.一种轴向滑动轴承，所述轴向滑动轴承具有在物理上相互隔开的、分别为一体式的至少两个节段(105)；其特征在于，
至少一个节段(105)具有用作滑动面的至少一个楔形面(103)。
2.一种轴向滑动轴承，所述轴向滑动轴承具有正好一个节段；其中
所述节段被设计成一体式的；其特征在于，
所述节段沿其绕所述轴向滑动轴承的旋转轴线的延伸被中断；其中
所述节段具有用作滑动面的至少一个楔形面。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的轴向滑动轴承；其特征在于，
所述至少两个节段(105)中的至少一个节段或所述正好一个节段具有至少两个楔形面(113)。
4.根据前一权利要求所述的轴向滑动轴承；其特征在于，
所述楔形面(113)关于所述滑动轴承的旋转轴线彼此旋转对称。
5.根据前述两项权利要求之一所述的轴向滑动轴承；其特征在于，
槽(115)在相应两个楔形面(113)之间延伸。
6.一种轴向滑动轴承，所述轴向滑动轴承具有在物理上相互隔开的、分别为一体式的至少两个节段(201)；其特征在于，
至少一个节段(201)具有用作滑动面的至少一个倾斜节段(203)。
7.一种轴向滑动轴承，所述轴向滑动轴承具有正好一个节段；其中
所述节段被设计成一体式的；其特征在于，
所述节段沿其绕所述轴向滑动轴承的旋转轴线的延伸被中断；其中
所述节段具有用作滑动面的至少一个倾斜节段(203)。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的轴向滑动轴承；其特征在于，
所述至少两个节段(105)中的至少一个节段或所述正好一个节段具有至少一个孔(111)以进行油供应。
9.根据前述权利要求之一所述的轴向滑动轴承；其特征在于
支架(101)；其中
所述至少两个节段(105)中的至少一个节段或所述正好一个节段刚性地固定在所述支架(101)中。
10.根据前一权利要求所述的轴向滑动轴承；其特征在于，
所述支架(101)设计有至少一个凹陷(103)；其中
所述凹陷(103)形状配合地固定所述至少一个节段(105)。
11.根据权利要求6和8所述的轴向滑动轴承；其特征在于，
所述支架(101)设计有通入所述凹陷(130)中的至少一条润滑剂线路(109)；其中
所述润滑剂线路(109)与所述孔(111)以引导润滑剂的方式相连接。
CN202080033415.2A 2019-05-22 2020-03-05 节段式的轴向滑动轴承 Pending CN113785131A (zh)

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