CN113769043A - 一种升解通瘀的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种升解通瘀的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药领域,尤其涉及一种升解通瘀的中药组合物及其制备方法,该中药组合物由如下重量份的原料药组成:黄芪12‑18份,党参7‑11份,山茱萸10‑14份,益母草8‑12份,三棱4‑8份,柴胡10‑14份,莪术4‑8份,升麻7‑11份,桔梗10‑14份,知母12‑18份。本发明通过检测升解通瘀颗粒中13个主要活性成分,以芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮、异鼠李素、黄芪甲苷、知母皂苷B2、菝葜皂苷元、柴胡皂苷D,柴胡皂苷C、桔梗皂苷D、阿魏酸、姜黄素、党参炔苷、益母草碱含量作为评判指标,得出了一种最优的升解通瘀的中药组合物及其制备方法,适用于产业化实际生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,尤其涉及一种升解通瘀的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
升解通瘀汤在临床应用多年,效果明显,功效有升陷解毒,活血利水,主治难治性心绞痛,大气下陷、血瘀络阻,症见胸闷胸痛、气短乏力,或兼下肢水肿,舌淡暗质嫩或舌紫,脉沉弱、左寸尤甚。
史载祥教授认为,难治性心绞痛的发病机制是普通冠心病心绞痛病理基础上的复杂化。普通冠心病心绞痛的主导病机是本虚标实,本虚以气虚为主,标实以血瘀为主。在治疗难治性心绞痛时不但要重视活血化瘀,还要重视清热解毒。史教授在长期临床实践中认识到,寒、热、郁、瘀等各种病因长期作用形成瘀阻冠脉,由血瘀进一步导致胸中大气下陷,由于气虚血瘀,导致气虚水停和“血不利则为水”,因此,患者出现胸闷胸痛、气短乏力、肢体浮肿等症状。基于以上病机特点,难治性心绞痛的临床证候特点多表现为寒热虚实错杂。因此,史教授认为,升陷解毒、活血利水是防治难治性心绞痛的基本治疗原则。根据以上认识,史教授在张锡纯升陷汤基础上,结合自己的用药经验,组成符合这一治疗原则的“升解通瘀汤”,长期的临床观察表明,该方对难治性心绞痛非常有效。方中黄芪既善补气又善升气,且为“疮家圣药”,能扶正托毒,为主药;张锡纯言:“大气者以元气为根本,以水谷之气为原料,以胸中之地为宅窟”,故以党参健脾补后天大气之本,山茱萸补肾充先天大气之源,共为臣药;升麻、柴胡、知母、桔梗4味既能升举清阳,又能理气解毒,且防补益药物之温燥,三棱、益母草2药通脉化瘀利水,以上6药共为佐使。
升解通瘀汤是在古方的基础上经多年临床实际运用效果所总结出的经验方,以往由患者自行煎煮,煎煮效果差异较大会对临床疗效有着显著影响。有鉴于此,本发明通过测量不同条件下升解通瘀的中药组合物的13个主要活性成分,以芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮、异鼠李素、黄芪甲苷、知母皂苷B2、菝葜皂苷元、柴胡皂苷D,柴胡皂苷C、桔梗皂苷D、阿魏酸、姜黄素、党参炔苷、益母草碱作为评判指标,得出了一种最优的升解通瘀的中药组合物及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种升解通瘀的中药组合物及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是这样的:一种中药组合物,由如下重量份的原料药组成:黄芪12-18份,党参7-11份,山茱萸10-14份,益母草8-12份,三棱4-8份,柴胡10-14份,莪术4-8份,升麻7-11份,桔梗10-14份,知母12-18份。
优选的,由如下重量份的原料药组成:黄芪15份,党参9份,山茱萸12份,益母草10份,三棱6份,柴胡12份,莪术6份,升麻9份,桔梗12份,知母15份
优选的,所述中药组合物按照常规工艺加入常规辅料制成临床上可接受的药物制剂。
本发明还提供了采用上述中药组合物加入常规辅料按照常规方法制备得到的药物制剂。
优选的,所述药物制剂包括水煎剂、片剂、颗粒剂、散剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、溶液剂。其中的固体剂型包括片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂和散剂。在这些固体剂型中,活性化合物与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合,如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙,或与下述成分混合:(a)填料或增容剂,例如,淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸;(b)粘合剂,例如,羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶;(c)保湿剂,例如,甘油;(d)崩解剂,例如,琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些复合硅酸盐、和碳酸钠;(e)缓溶剂,例如石蜡;(f)吸收加速剂,例如,季胺化合物;(g)润湿剂,例如鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(h)吸附剂,例如,高岭土;和(i)润滑剂,例如,滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠,或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂中,剂型也可包含缓冲剂。
固体剂型如片剂、糖丸、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂可采用包衣和壳材制备,如肠衣和其它本领域公知的材料。它们可包含不透明剂,并且,这种组合物中活性化合物或化合物的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道内的某一部分中释放。可采用的包埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。必要时,活性化合物也可与上述赋形剂中的一种或多种形成微胶囊形式。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括水煎剂和溶液剂,液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆或酊剂。除了活性化合物外,液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂,如水或其它溶剂,增溶剂和乳化剂,例知,乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油,特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油或这些物质的混合物等。
除了这些惰性稀释剂外,组合物也可包含助剂,如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料。
除了活性化合物外,悬浮液可包含悬浮剂,例如,乙氧基化异十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、乙醇铝和琼脂或这些物质的混合物等。
本发明还提供了一种制备上述中药组合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)按照选定的重量份数称取黄芪,党参,山茱萸,益母草,三棱,柴胡,莪术,升麻,桔梗和知母;
(f)将步骤(a)中的药物与常规辅料按照常规工艺制成临床上可接受的水煎剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、散剂、丸剂或溶液剂。
优选的,具体包括以下步骤:
(a)按照选定的重量份数称取黄芪,党参,山茱萸,益母草,三棱,柴胡,莪术,升麻,桔梗和知母、并打碎;
(b)将三棱、莪术和柴胡浸泡后用蒸馏法提取挥发油,得到所述挥发油、药渣和第一水溶液,所述挥发油混合β-环糊精,制得包合物,干燥;所述三棱、莪术和柴胡打碎后浸泡的方式采用温浸,温度为40-60℃,时间为2-6h,优选4h;所述蒸馏法具体为水蒸气蒸馏法即可;
(c)将步骤(b)中所述药渣与升麻、桔梗、知母和益母草合并煎煮,过滤后得到第二水溶液;合并煎煮加水量为三棱、莪术和柴胡与升麻、桔梗、知母和益母草质量的6-10倍;煎煮3次,每次0.5-2h,合并三次煎煮液;
(d)将步骤(b)得到的所述第一水溶液和步骤(c)得到的所述第二水溶液混合后进行浓缩,得到清膏,将所述清膏与醇溶液充分混合后静置,取上清液为第一上清液;其中,浓缩后得到的清膏的相对密度为1.2-1.3g/cm2(50-60℃);
(e)将黄芪、党参、山茱萸用6-10倍量醇溶液加热回流提取三次,每次0.5-2h,合并三次提取液,滤过,得到第一提取液;
(f)混合步骤(d)中的所述第一上清液和步骤(e)中的所述第一提取液,回收醇,干燥后混合步骤(a)中的所述包合物,制得药物活性成分,加入常规辅料按照常规工艺制成临床上可接受的水煎剂、散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂或溶液剂。其中,回收醇的方式为通过减压蒸馏回收;回收醇后的所述第一提取液还要再次浓缩,浓缩至相对密度为1.2-1.3g/cm2(45-55℃),浓缩后干燥,粉碎成细粉与所述包合物混合。
优选的,步骤(b)中,所述包合物的制备方法为:取蒸馏水加热至75-90℃,添加所述β-环糊精,混合均匀再降温至45-60℃,按所述β-环糊精与所述挥发油质量比为5-6:1缓慢添加所述挥发油,混合均匀后过滤,沉淀物即为所述包合物。
其中,蒸馏水的用量为β-环糊精质量的25-30倍。添加所述β-环糊精后混合均匀的方式为搅拌,转速为200r/min;添加所述挥发油后混合均匀的方式为搅拌,先转速为200r/min搅拌15min左右,再加速(转速为800r/min)搅拌30min左右,最后在转速为200r/min搅拌15min左右,即可完成;搅拌完成后还需弃去上层浮沫,冷藏静置24h后抽滤,得到的沉淀物即为所述包合物;使用时,还需50-60℃减压干燥去除水分,筛子(5号筛)筛分即可。
优选的,步骤(d)中,所述清膏与醇溶液混合时,所述醇溶液中的醇含量占所述清膏与醇溶液总量的40%-60%;所述醇溶液为乙醇溶液。
优选的,步骤(e)中,所述黄芪、党参、山茱萸和所述醇溶液的质量比为1:6-10,所述醇溶液是体积分数为75%的乙醇,加热回流3次,每次1.5-2.5小时,合并3次的提取液,得到所述第一提取液。
进一步的,将所述药物活性成分与常规辅料混合制备颗粒剂时,常规辅料选择为糊精和阿司帕坦,混匀、制成颗粒后干燥即可。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:本发明通过检测升解通瘀颗粒中13个主要活性成分,以芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮、异鼠李素、黄芪甲苷、知母皂苷B2、菝葜皂苷元、柴胡皂苷D,柴胡皂苷C、桔梗皂苷D、阿魏酸、姜黄素、党参炔苷、益母草碱含量作为评判指标,得出了一种最优的升解通瘀的中药组合物及其制备方法,适用于产业化实际生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明的芒柄花素(269/197)的实验结果;
图2为本发明的毛蕊异黄酮(285/137)的实验结果;
图3为本发明的黄芪甲苷(785/143)的实验结果;
图4为本发明的异鼠李素(317/153)的实验结果;
图5为本发明的姜黄素(369/285)的实验结果。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。若未特别指明,实施举例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1升解通瘀颗粒的提取、制剂工艺优化
本发明为了研究中药组合物(升解通瘀颗粒)配方的最优配比、最优制剂工艺,以处方中13个主要活性成分:芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮、异鼠李素、黄芪甲苷、知母皂苷B2、菝葜皂苷元、柴胡皂苷D,柴胡皂苷C、桔梗皂苷D、阿魏酸、姜黄素、党参炔苷、益母草碱作为评判指标,筛选药材是否粉碎、提取溶剂的种类、提取溶剂的量、浸泡时间、提取方法、提取温度、是否密闭、提取时间、提取次数这9个因素对中药组合物主要活性成分的影响。故首先对上述9个因素进行水平设计,如下表1:
表1
其中,粉碎对应步骤(a)中药物的是否需要粉碎;溶剂种类对应步骤(c、e)中药物的溶剂种类;溶剂量对应步骤(c)中药渣与升麻、桔梗、知母和益母草的溶剂量;浸泡时间对应步骤步骤(c、e)中药物浸泡在溶剂的时间;提取方法对应步骤(c、e)中药物的提取方法;提取温度对应步骤(c、e)中药物提取时的温度;密闭对应步骤(c、e)中药物提取时的提取装置状态;提取时间对应步骤(c、e)中药物的提取时长;提取次数对应步骤(c、e)中药物的提取次数。
根据表1的因素和水平,借助DPS 6.55软件,设计了9因素12次实验的混合水平均匀设计表,见表2。
表2
注:表格中因素与方案对应部分的数字为对应因素的水平数。
根据表1与表2得到具体的有效成分提取方案(见表3)。
表3
注:1)粉碎:按照处方组成,称取各中药后,置粉碎机内粉碎至到40目大小。2)提取溶剂:乙醇为分析纯,水是超纯水。3)提取溶剂的量:按1g药材对应1ml溶剂体积计。10倍量溶剂体积:即为1g药材用10ml溶剂体积,依此类推。4)浸泡时间:指从浸泡到开始提取之间的时间。浸泡均密闭,在室温下进行。5)提取温度:水的沸点为100℃,则水的沸点的1/2为50℃、1/4为25℃;乙醇的沸点为78℃,则乙醇的沸点的1/2为39℃、1/4为20℃。6)密闭:浸泡时均密闭。7)提取时间:从提取开始到过滤之间的时间。药材粉碎后提取,药液不容易滤出,故每个提取瓶统一静置5分钟后再过滤。
实施例2升解通瘀颗粒的质量标准研究
按照表3各方案设定条件进行提取的提取液经减压(乙醇于45℃、水于60℃以下)浓缩后2000rpm离心10min,取上清液,最后用各自相应溶剂定容至0.2g/ml的浓度。低速离心后的提取液超声振荡5~10min后,15000rpm离心5min,高速离心后的提取液直接进样。
质谱条件:aters BEA C18色谱柱(50×2.1mm,填料粒度1.7μm),流动相:乙腈:0.05%乙酸铵=(30~90):(70~10),在4min内完成梯度变化;流速:0.4ml/min,进样量:3μl,柱温30度。正负离子模式。
表4升解通瘀颗粒中13个生物活性成分的质谱参数
化合物名称 | 分子量 | 碎片离子峰1 | 碎片离子峰2 | CE |
芒柄花素 | 268.26 | 197.0 | 253 | 45 |
毛蕊异黄酮 | 284.26 | 137 | 213 | 41 |
异鼠李素 | 316.26 | 153 | 229.1 | 43 |
黄芪甲苷 | 784.97 | 143 | 437.1 | 34 |
知母皂苷B2 | 921.07 | 757.3 | 267.1 | 60 |
菝葜皂苷元 | 416.64 | 273.1 | 255.1 | 32 |
柴胡皂苷D | 780.98 | 781.4 | 513.2 | 35 |
柴胡皂苷C | 927.12 | 779.3 | 283.2 | 60 |
桔梗皂苷D | 1224.38 | 919.4 | 267.1 | 60 |
阿魏酸 | 194.184 | 133.1 | 178 | 22 |
姜黄素 | 368.39 | 177.0 | 285 | 24 |
党参炔苷 | 396.43 | 114 | 209.1 | 33 |
益母草碱 | 311.33 | 71.9 | 181 | 34 |
实验结果见附图1-5,知母皂苷B2、菝葜皂苷元、柴胡皂苷D,柴胡皂苷C、桔梗皂苷D、阿魏酸、姜黄素、党参炔苷、益母草碱等的质谱图片和标准曲线省略。
实施例3升解通瘀颗粒的稳定性研究
取同一份升解通瘀颗粒的供试溶液(样品编号1),分别于0、4、8、12、16、24小时进样,每次进样3μL,所有成分的RSD均小于5.0%,表明供试品在24小时内稳定。
实验结果见表5:
表5
注:N/A表示未检测出。
通过表5可以看出,提取方案N9的实验数据中的生物活性成分最为全面,在此基础上,结合其他条件经过进一步优化,进一步确认了优选的参数,最终确定的条件为:步骤(a)中的药物需要粉碎;步骤(c)中的溶剂为水;步骤(e)中的溶剂为乙醇;步骤(c)中溶剂的量为三棱、莪术和柴胡与升麻、桔梗、知母和益母草干质量的6-10倍,更优选为8倍;步骤(c)和(e)的浸泡时间对提取出药材主要活性成分含量影响不大,因此优选浸泡0-60min,更为优选采用不浸泡;步骤(c)和(e)的提取方法均为常规水浴;步骤(c)提取的温度为100℃;步骤(e)提取的温度为醇溶液沸点(乙醇沸点78℃);步骤(c)和(e)药物提取时均密封;步骤(c)每次的提取时间为1h;步骤(e)每次的提取时间为1h;步骤(c)的提取次数为3次;步骤(e)的提取次数为3次;本发明实际参数的实验结果见表6:
以上研究证实,本部分建立的同时检测升解通瘀颗粒中芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮、异鼠李素、黄芪甲苷、知母皂苷B2、菝葜皂苷元、柴胡皂苷D,柴胡皂苷C、桔梗皂苷D、阿魏酸、姜黄素、党参炔苷、益母草碱等13种化学成分的方法是准确可行的。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种中药组合物,其特征在于,由如下重量份的原料药组成:黄芪12-18份,党参7-11份,山茱萸10-14份,益母草8-12份,三棱4-8份,柴胡10-14份,莪术4-8份,升麻7-11份,桔梗10-14份,知母12-18份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,由如下重量份的原料药组成:黄芪15份,党参9份,山茱萸12份,益母草10份,三棱6份,柴胡12份,莪术6份,升麻9份,桔梗12份,知母15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物按照常规工艺加入常规辅料制成临床上可接受的药物制剂。
4.采用权利要求1-3任一项所述的中药组合物加入常规辅料按照常规方法制备得到的药物制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的药物制剂,其特征在于,所述药物制剂包括水煎剂、散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、溶液剂。
6.一种制备权利要求1-3任一项所述的中药组合物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(a)按照选定的重量份数称取黄芪,党参,山茱萸,益母草,三棱,柴胡,莪术,升麻,桔梗和知母;
(f)将步骤(a)中的药物与常规辅料按照常规工艺制成临床上可接受的水煎剂、散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、丸剂或溶液剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(a)按照选定的重量份数称取黄芪,党参,山茱萸,益母草,三棱,柴胡,莪术,升麻,桔梗和知母、并打碎;
(b)将三棱、莪术和柴胡浸泡后用蒸馏法提取挥发油,得到所述挥发油、药渣和第一水溶液,所述挥发油混合β-环糊精,制得包合物;
(c)将步骤(b)中所述药渣与升麻、桔梗、知母和益母草合并煎煮,过滤后得到第二水溶液;
(d)将步骤(b)得到的所述第一水溶液和步骤(c)得到的所述第二水溶液混合后进行浓缩,得到清膏,将所述清膏与醇溶液混合后静置,取上清液为第一上清液;
(e)将黄芪、党参、山茱萸和醇溶液混合后加热、过滤,得到第一提取液;
(f)混合步骤(d)中的所述第一上清液和步骤(e)中的所述第一提取液,回收醇,干燥后混合步骤(a)中的所述包合物,制得药物活性成分,加入常规辅料按照常规工艺制成临床上可接受的水煎剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、散剂、丸剂或溶液剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)中,所述包合物的制备方法为:取蒸馏水加热至75-90℃,添加所述β-环糊精,混合均匀再降温至45-60℃,按所述β-环糊精与所述挥发油质量比为5-6:1缓慢添加所述挥发油,混合均匀后过滤,沉淀物即为所述包合物。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(d)中,所述清膏与醇溶液混合时,所述醇溶液中的醇含量占所述清膏与醇溶液总量的40%-60%;所述醇溶液为乙醇溶液。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(e)中,所述黄芪、党参、山茱萸和所述醇溶液的质量比为1:6-10,所述醇溶液是体积分数为75%的乙醇。
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