CN113765384B - Continuous maximum power point tracking method - Google Patents
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- CN113765384B CN113765384B CN202111134395.0A CN202111134395A CN113765384B CN 113765384 B CN113765384 B CN 113765384B CN 202111134395 A CN202111134395 A CN 202111134395A CN 113765384 B CN113765384 B CN 113765384B
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/181—Circuits; Control arrangements or methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of power management, and particularly relates to a continuous maximum power point tracking method. The invention provides an MPPT method suitable for a simplified ripple association method of a closed-loop MPPT system aiming at a BUCK-BOOST power level converter specific to a vibration energy collecting system on the basis of the MPPT method of the closed-loop MPPT system and the ripple association method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power management, and particularly relates to a continuous maximum power point tracking method.
Background
Many electronic devices, such as wireless sensor network nodes or implanted devices that are not easily detachable, require constant power from a battery. However, the use of batteries not only increases the area and weight of these small devices, but also requires periodic replacement due to limited working time, which wastes a lot of money and resources, and more importantly, in many cases, the device structure and system do not support the replacement of batteries or are desired to be avoided, such as monitoring on tunnels, bridges and roads or biological tissue network devices implanted into human bodies. Therefore, the replacement of chemical batteries is one of the development bottlenecks in the technology of the current internet of things devices, and the adoption of self-powered technology is one of the approaches to solve such problems.
Self-powering technology essentially uses energy harvesting technology to allow devices to draw energy from the environment and supply itself to form a virtuous cycle, which not only can be used as a backup supplement for some batteries, but also can directly replace some power supply schemes with large area size, poor environmental protection or high cost, and the ultimate achievement goal of energy harvesting technology is the infinite life of the devices. Therefore, this technique has received much attention from researchers and research institutions. The energy collecting system can collect the widely existing energy such as photoelectric energy, heat energy, radio frequency energy, vibration energy, biological energy and the like in the environment.
Because the energy collected from the environment is usually small, the design optimization goal of the power management circuit is to achieve low power consumption as much as possible to improve the energy collection efficiency, for example, a low-voltage low-power circuit structure or an intermittent working mode can be adopted to achieve the goal. Meanwhile, the control circuit module needs to adopt a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) module, and the MPPT method can enable the Power management system to work at a Maximum Power transmission Point so as to improve the energy collection efficiency. Considering the characteristics of unpredictability and instability of external environment energy, the MPPT module should have a fast tracking speed, a strong adaptability and a real-time capability, and for reducing power consumption, the MPPT module is started only when the energy source changes so as to reduce the working time of the circuit. On the basis of ensuring the performances, the low-cost and small-volume IoT can be realized to meet the requirement of laying IoT in a large area.
In order to make the energy collection circuit system work at the optimal efficiency point, the maximum power point tracking technology is introduced, and the maximum power point tracking technology can be divided into open loop MPPT and closed loop MPPT according to the loop characteristics of the system. The open-loop MPPT method is mainly adjusted according to a relationship between an open-circuit voltage of an energy harvester and a maximum power point voltage, for example, the maximum power point voltage of a solar energy collection system is about 0.7 times of the open-circuit voltage of the solar energy harvester, and the maximum power point voltage of a thermal energy and vibration energy collection system is 1/2 of the open-circuit voltage of the harvester. The traditional open circuit voltage method belongs to open loop MPPT. The open-loop MPPT has the advantages that the structure is simple and easy to implement, but the switch connection between the primary energy collector and the subsequent power stage circuit is disconnected within a fixed time to obtain a constantly-changing open-circuit voltage, the collection efficiency is low due to energy loss, and the tracking error is large. The closed-loop MPPT technology is based on a closed-loop control method, real-time adjustment is carried out by utilizing output voltage and current to achieve a maximum power point, and compared with the open-loop MPPT, the adjustment precision and complexity are higher. Closed loop MPPT includes a perturbation and observation method and a conductance increment method. The hill climbing algorithm is a common disturbance observation method, and is simple, high in applicability, wide in application and gradually developed to multiple dimensions. A Ripple Correlation Control (RCC) also belongs to a closed-loop MPPT technique, which utilizes the rule that the power of an energy source becomes a single peak point under the coordinate of the input voltage of a system, and compares the relationship between the output power of the energy source and the derivative of the input voltage of a power stage to determine whether the system is operated at the maximum power point. The implementation of the RCC method requires a circuit with large power consumption, such as a differentiator and a multiplier, which violates the goal of low power consumption of the energy collection system. In addition, other MPPT methods include a short-circuit current method, a sliding mode control method, and the like, which are comparatively less used.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a continuous maximum power point tracking technique.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a continuous maximum power point tracking method is used for a BUCK-BOOST converter, energy is input into the BUCK-BOOST converter through an AC-DC rectifying circuit by a piezoelectric sensor, specifically, a capacitor is connected between the output of the AC-DC rectifying circuit and the input of the BUCK-BOOST converter, energy is provided for the BUCK-BOOST converter through discharge of the capacitor, and the voltage of the capacitor is defined as V IN Then at V IN In the voltage drop stage, the capacitor discharges to provide energy for the inductance of the BUCK-BOOST converter IN During voltage drop period T ON The method for tracking the maximum power point is characterized in that the input voltage is detected in stages, and comprises the following steps:
s1, setting T ON Setting the initial working frequency f of the BUCK-BOOST converter;
s2, at T ON Sampling in time V IN Information;
s3, judging
Whether or not it is true, wherein>
Is V IN Speed varying with time, i.e. V IN If the derivative of the time is positive, the step S4 is carried out, otherwise, the step S5 is carried out;
s4, delaying for preset time t a Post-sampling V IN Information, wherein t a The system fixes the delay time and judges the sampling again
If yes, locking and outputting the current working frequency f, otherwise, entering the step S5;
s5, judging
And if so, increasing the working frequency f and returning to the step S3, otherwise, decreasing the working frequency f and returning to the step S3.
The invention has the beneficial effects that on the basis of a closed-loop MPPT system and an MPPT method based on a ripple association method, the MPPT method suitable for the ripple association method is simplified and applied to a BUCK-BOOST power level converter special for a vibration energy collecting system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vibration energy collection system with MPPT functionality.
Figure 2MPP area schematic.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the MPPT operation principle.
Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of MPP tracking for RCC method-frequency adjustment method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the attached drawings:
in the case of a vibration energy harvesting system, as shown in fig. 1, the output port of the energy source is connected to the input port of the BUCK-BOOST converter via an AC-DC rectifier, the voltage at the connection being defined as V IN . As can be seen from the above, the present invention,the maximum power point tracking technology is to adjust the input resistance R of the BUCK-BOOST converter IN Internal resistance R of piezoelectric collector P Matched to achieve maximum energy transfer efficiency, when the system reaches the maximum power point, V IN The voltage will be at V MPP Near the point. Since the piezoelectric energy source has the transient and fluctuating properties, V IN The voltage inevitably has some ripples, so the MPPT precision can not reach 100 percent, namely V IN Not hundreds of equal to V MPP Voltage, only adjusting V as much as possible IN Voltage to make it approach V MPP And (4) point. Generally, a tuning accuracy of more than 90% is considered to be at the maximum optimization point. Schematically shown in fig. 2, the area S is referred to as an MPP region.
The specific operating principle of MPPT is shown in fig. 3. The energy collected by the piezoelectric collector is stored in an input capacitor C after passing through an AC-DC rectifying circuit IN When the capacitance C is IN The BUCK-BOOST converter is connected to the capacitor C after the voltage at the BUCK-BOOST converter is charged to the maximum power point voltage IN And starting the working cycle of the device, namely opening the upper pipe and the lower pipe in sequence to transmit energy to the output capacitor. Slave capacitor C IN Viewed from the perspective of (A), it is equivalent to a reservoir, and the input energy source firstly gives the capacitor C IN Charging, when the water level reaches a certain value V IN To reach V MPP After voltage, the outlet brake pipe is opened and the converter is driven from C IN The capacitor draws charge when the capacitor C IN When the upper voltage is reduced to the outside of the maximum power point voltage region, namely exceeds the S area shown in figure 2, the converter is forbidden, and the capacitor C IN The voltage on is recharged to the maximum power point and the process continues to repeat. When V is IN When the voltage reaches the maximum power point and the system is in a steady state, the capacitor C IN The upper charge flows in and out to reach an equilibrium state, V IN V of voltage not exceeding MPP area MPP The vicinity of the point fluctuates.
The traditional RCC method can calculate the actual MPP value, and only needs the current converter input voltage and current. It does not require any stored values. To calculate MPP, two differentiators and three multipliers are required. Usually, the multiplier can use a four-quadrant analog multiplier or an analog multiplier with some amplifiers, but these structural components are complex and consume much power, which reduces the chip area efficiency and the input voltage range. In order to avoid using a multiplier in an analog low-power consumption system, the invention provides a novel continuous maximum power point tracking technology.
The energy collecting system applicable to the invention uses the BUCK-BOOST converter in the DCM working mode as the power stage, the control mode adopts the COT mode for control, and the power stage converter of the vibration energy collecting system is only controlled at T ON The stage is connected with the piezoelectric collector, and the input capacitor C is connected with the piezoelectric collector IN Discharge provides energy to the inductor, V IN Voltage drop; and at T OFF And T IDLE The (upper and lower power tubes are turned off simultaneously) stage is disconnected with the piezoelectric collector, and the energy source is the input capacitor C IN Charging, V IN The voltage rises. In this case at V IN During the rise period I cannot be performed IN Detection of voltage, therefore, is selected at V IN During voltage drop period T ON The detection of the input voltage and current is performed in stages, then it can be deduced that:
wherein
Is the derivative of the input current with respect to time, as known from the input current characteristic of the BUCK-BOOST converter, the TON phase, the input current I IN I.e. the inductor current and I IN There is a correlation between the derivatives of (a). So that there are:
therefore, a very ingenious conclusion is obtained, and in the DCM BUCK-BOOST converter, under the condition that the control method selects the COT mode, only the COT mode is needed to be set at T ON The phase detection input voltage information is passed through a differentiator and multiplied by a fixed value T ON The obtained information is compared with the input voltage, and whether the input voltage is at the maximum power point voltage or not can be accurately judged. Compared with an open-circuit voltage method, the RCC method peculiar to the BUCK-BOOST converter in the DCM working mode has huge advantages, because the RCC method not only inherits the advantages of the open-circuit voltage method, but also completely avoids energy loss caused by frequent switching of the open-circuit voltage method, and has the advantages of high tracking precision, high speed and real-time tracking of the closed-loop MPPT method.
Considering the RCC method used in the DCM BUCK-BOOST converter, it can be known from the simplified relationship between the input voltage and the maximum power point voltage that the converter needs to have the on-time T ON Fixed, i.e. using COT control, by adjusting the frequency f of the converter to the input voltage V IN The maximum power point voltage is reached. In order to increase the MPPT tracking accuracy and avoid misjudgment of the maximum power point caused by some unstable factors, continuous twice judgment is designed to meet the requirement of V IN ＝V MPP The locking of the operating frequency is only performed when the condition is met. The specific work flow diagram is shown in fig. 4.
Claims (1)
1. A continuous maximum power point tracking method is used for a BUCK-BOOST converter, energy is input into the BUCK-BOOST converter through an AC-DC rectifying circuit by a piezoelectric sensor, specifically, a capacitor is connected between the output of the AC-DC rectifying circuit and the input of the BUCK-BOOST converter, energy is provided for the BUCK-BOOST converter through discharge of the capacitor, and the voltage of the capacitor is defined as V IN Then at V IN In the voltage drop stage, the capacitor discharges to provide energy for the inductance of the BUCK-BOOST converter IN During voltage drop period T ON The method for tracking the maximum power point is characterized in that the input voltage is detected in stages, and comprises the following steps:
s1, setting T ON Setting the initial working frequency f of the BUCK-BOOST converter;
s2 at T ON Sampling in time V IN Information;
s3, judging
Whether or not it is true, wherein>
Is a V IN Speed varying with time, i.e. V IN If the derivative of time is positive, the step S4 is carried out, otherwise, the step S5 is carried out;
s4, delaying for preset time t a Then sampling V again IN Information, and judging after sampling again
If yes, locking and outputting the current working frequency f, otherwise, entering the step S5;
s5, judging
And if so, increasing the working frequency f and returning to the step S3, otherwise, decreasing the working frequency f and returning to the step S3./>
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- 2021-09-27 CN CN202111134395.0A patent/CN113765384B/en active Active
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