CN101951033A - Device and method for intelligently supplying power to node based on wireless sensor network - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for intelligently supplying power to a node based on a wireless sensor network, which belongs to the technical field of low-energy consumption power supply of the node of the wireless sensor network, and aims to solve the problem that the energy supplies and management of the node are inconvenient because the distribution of the node in the field wireless sensor network is wide and the layout environment thereof is complicated. In the technical scheme of the invention, a MCU microprocessor selects the power supply mode of supplying power directly by a solar battery or releasing energy by a super capacitor by collecting external voltages and through internal comparison and judgment so as to intelligently control charging and power supply circuits, and control the node to enter different working modes according to the energy state so as to improve the efficiency of energy utilization. The device and the method of the invention can solve the intrinsic power supply problem of the nodes of the wireless sensor network, and extend the lifecycle of the whole wireless sensor network.

Description

Node intelligent power supply device and method based on wireless sensor network

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of low energy consumption power supply for nodes of a wireless sensor network, and specifically relates to a node intelligent power supply device and method using microprocessor control, direct power supply technology using renewable energy and supercapacitor energy storage elements.

Background technique

Due to the large number of wireless sensor network nodes, wide distribution areas and long-term deployment in unattended environmental areas, the environment in which it is located is complex, and it is not practical to replenish energy by replacing batteries. Therefore, effective energy-saving strategies must be adopted. Extend the lifetime of the network. Harvesting energy from the environment is an effective way to make sensor nodes work for a long time. At present, energy storage devices are mostly used to obtain energy such as solar energy, vibration energy, wind energy or temperature difference energy from the environment to supply energy for wireless sensor network nodes.

Taking solar energy as an example, solar energy is currently the most common and mature renewable energy source, and the energy it generates is sufficient, suitable for wireless sensor network nodes deployed in the environment, and the use of environmental energy has an increasing impact on people. Green Energy Consciousness offers a practical approach. Since most of the current power supply objects are low-power wireless sensor network nodes, it is sufficient to use one of many ambient energy sources to supply sensor nodes.

At present, most solar power supply devices use batteries as rechargeable batteries, but batteries are restricted by their inherent conditions, and there are problems such as poor cycle life, poor high and low temperature performance, sensitive charging and discharging process, difficult recovery of deep discharge performance and capacity, and environmental pollution. Traditional storage batteries are increasingly unable to meet people's requirements for energy storage systems. Supercapacitor is a new type of electric energy storage device that has been mass-produced in recent years, also known as electrochemical capacitor. Supercapacitors also have the advantages of long cycle life, high power density, fast charge and discharge speed, good high temperature performance, flexible capacity configuration, environmental friendliness and maintenance-free, so the application range is becoming wider and wider.

In addition, many mature solar power supply devices that are currently formed are not specifically designed for wireless sensor network nodes. Moreover, the traditional solar power supply device has the following three disadvantages for the application of low-power wireless sensor network nodes: (1) many analog signal components such as capacitors, operational amplifiers and resistors are used, which increases the energy consumption and operation of the circuit itself. (2) The battery is used for charging, which has defects such as limited charging life, poor high and low temperature performance, and serious environmental pollution; (3) The solar battery is connected to the charging control circuit, and stops operating after the battery is fully charged. Battery power supply, because the solar battery is in a state of non-operation at this time, so the solar energy is not used efficiently, and the lack of energy management and control steps makes the power supply efficiency low.

Contents of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to reduce the energy consumption and operating cost of the power supply equipment in the wireless sensor network, simplify the circuit scale of the power supply device, improve energy utilization efficiency, reduce maintenance probability, improve safety performance, and prolong the lifetime of the entire wireless sensor network. Use cycle.

(2) Technical solution

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a node intelligent power supply device based on a wireless sensor network, including a renewable energy battery, a supercapacitor energy storage circuit, and a battery connected to the renewable energy battery and the supercapacitor energy storage circuit. A charging control circuit and a microprocessor connected to the charging control circuit and a power supply circuit, the power supply circuit is connected to the renewable energy battery, the supercapacitor energy storage circuit and the microprocessor; wherein,

The renewable energy battery is used to directly supply power to the power supply circuit and charge the supercapacitor energy storage circuit under the control of the charging control circuit;

The charging control circuit is used to collect and feed back to the microprocessor the voltage value of the renewable energy battery and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit according to the instructions sent by the microprocessor, and at the same time according to the The power supply instruction sent by the microprocessor controls the renewable energy battery to supply power to the supercapacitor energy storage circuit and the power supply circuit, and controls the supercapacitor energy storage circuit according to the power supply instruction sent by the microprocessor supplying power to the power supply circuit;

The microprocessor is used to process the voltage value of the renewable energy battery and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit fed back by the charging control circuit, generate a power supply instruction according to the processing result and send it to the charging control circuit and said power supply circuit;

The supercapacitor energy storage circuit is used for charging or supplying power to the power supply circuit under the control of the charging control circuit;

The power supply circuit is configured to receive power from the renewable energy battery or the supercapacitor energy storage circuit according to the power supply instruction to support node loads with energy.

Preferably, the renewable energy battery is a solar battery, a vibration energy battery, a wind energy battery, a thermoelectric energy battery or other renewable resources obtained from the natural environment.

Preferably, the supercapacitor energy storage circuit includes an energy storage circuit and a boost voltage regulator circuit;

The energy storage circuit is composed of one or several supercapacitor cells connected in series/parallel.

In addition, the present invention also provides a wireless sensor network-based node intelligent power supply method, including the following steps:

Step 1: Collect the voltage value of the renewable energy battery and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit;

Step 2: Process the voltage value of the renewable energy battery and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit, and generate a power supply instruction according to the processing result to control the renewable energy battery to simultaneously supply power to the supercapacitor energy storage circuit and the power supply circuit; or,

controlling the supercapacitor energy storage circuit to supply power to the power supply circuit according to the power supply instruction;

Step 3: According to the power supply instruction, control the power supply circuit to receive power from the renewable energy battery or the supercapacitor energy storage circuit to support the load with energy.

Preferably, the voltage value of the renewable energy battery and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit are collected by the charging control circuit and fed back to the microprocessor;

The power supply instruction is generated according to the results of analog-to-digital conversion and voltage comparison and judgment processing performed by the microprocessor on the voltage value of the renewable energy battery and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit.

Preferably, in the step 2,

When the voltage value of the renewable energy battery is greater than the preset power supply voltage threshold, the microprocessor sends a power supply command to instruct the renewable energy battery to directly supply power to the power supply circuit, and at the same time charge the supercapacitor energy storage circuit.

When the voltage value of the renewable energy battery is greater than the preset power supply voltage threshold, and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit reaches the preset charging voltage threshold, the microprocessor sends a power supply command to instruct the charging control circuit to turn off the charging of the supercapacitor. The charging operation of the capacitor energy storage circuit, while the renewable energy battery only performs the operation of directly supplying power to the power supply circuit.

When the voltage value of the renewable energy battery is lower than the preset power supply voltage threshold value, and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit is higher than the preset first or second discharge voltage threshold value, the microprocessor sends a power supply instruction instruction The supercapacitor energy storage circuit supplies power to the power supply circuit.

When the voltage value of the renewable energy battery is lower than the preset power supply voltage threshold value, and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit is lower than the preset minimum discharge voltage threshold value, the microprocessor sends a power supply command to instruct the charging control circuit to stop The power supply operation of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit to the power supply circuit.

(3) Beneficial effects

Compared with the prior art, the node intelligent power supply device and method provided by the technical solution of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

(1) When the voltage value of the renewable energy battery is high, the technical solution uses the direct power supply method to directly supply power to the power supply circuit, and at the same time charges the supercapacitor energy storage circuit, which can efficiently use environmental energy and add energy management and control steps, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of energy utilization and power supply.

(2) This technical solution uses supercapacitors instead of batteries as energy storage devices, which greatly improves the capacitance capacity of energy storage devices, and is also suitable for high-power charging and discharging processes with high power requirements. At the same time, it also simplifies charging and discharging circuits and reduces maintenance probability. It provides safety, reliability and work efficiency in the process of energy supply.

(3) The technical solution uses a microprocessor combined with a charging control circuit to perform unified intelligent control and management, control renewable energy batteries for charging and direct power supply, control the charging and discharging of supercapacitor energy storage circuits, and control power supply circuits to regulate energy Output mode; at the same time, the operation of preventing overcharge and overdischarging of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit is carried out through the operation and processing operation inside the microprocessor, the collected voltage value is comprehensively judged, and different power supply instructions are generated to control Nodes enter different power supply working modes; this technical solution integrates many functions into the microprocessor, thus reducing a large number of energy-consuming components in the circuit, reducing the energy consumption of the device itself, saving energy, and reducing the traditional power supply equipment. maintenance work and costs.

In summary, the node intelligent power supply device and method provided by the technical solution of the present invention use renewable energy for power supply and energy storage, use supercapacitors instead of batteries, and introduce node microprocessors to control charging and power supply circuits to solve the power supply circuit problem. The problem of energy consumption itself can efficiently supply power for wireless sensor network nodes; this technical solution continuously collects environmental energy through renewable energy batteries and charges the energy storage circuit to ensure the persistence of energy and overcome the inability to replace batteries and battery life. The limited difficulty effectively solves the power supply problem of wireless sensor network nodes and prolongs the life cycle of the entire wireless sensor network.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a node intelligent power supply device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

2 is a schematic diagram of the charging control circuit of the node intelligent power supply device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of a supercapacitor energy storage circuit of a node intelligent power supply device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit of a node intelligent power supply device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

5 is a node working mode conversion diagram of the node intelligent power supply device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a node intelligent power supply method in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, content, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Example 1

Firstly, the node intelligent power supply device based on wireless sensor network is described in detail.

As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of the principle of a node intelligent power supply device. The node intelligent power supply device includes: a renewable energy battery 1, a supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3, and a charging device connected to the renewable energy battery 1 and the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3. Control circuit 2, MCU (Micro Control Unit-micro control unit) microprocessor 4 and power supply circuit 5 that are connected to charge control circuit 2, described power supply circuit 5 is connected with renewable energy battery 1, supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 and MCU Microprocessor 4 is connected. Wherein, the renewable energy battery 1 can be a solar battery, a vibration energy battery, a wind energy battery, a thermoelectric energy battery or other renewable resources obtained from the natural environment. In the present invention, the renewable energy battery 1 is a solar battery 1a as an example Be explained.

The solar cell 1a is used to directly supply power to the power supply circuit 5 and charge the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 under the control of the charging control circuit 2;

The charging control circuit 2 is used to collect the voltage value of the solar cell 1a and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 according to the instruction sent by the MCU microprocessor 4 and feed back the collected voltage value to the microprocessor 4, and simultaneously according to the MCU The power supply instruction sent by the microprocessor 4 controls the solar battery 1a to supply power to the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 and the power supply circuit 5, and controls the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 to supply power according to the power supply instruction sent by the MCU microprocessor 4. The circuit 5 supplies power;

The MCU microprocessor 4 is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion and voltage comparison and judgment processing on the voltage value of the solar battery 1a fed back by the charging control circuit 2 and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3, and generate a power supply instruction according to the processing result and send it to the charging station. Control circuit 2 and power supply circuit 5;

The supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is used to charge under the control of the charging control circuit 2 or to supply power to the power supply circuit 5; the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 includes an energy storage circuit and a boost voltage regulator circuit; the energy storage circuit is mainly composed of One or several supercapacitors are connected in series/parallel;

The power supply circuit 5 is used to receive power from the solar battery 1a or the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 according to the power supply instruction to support the node load with energy.

Wherein, the power supply instructions include the following categories:

First-level power supply command: when the voltage value of the solar battery 1a is greater than the preset power supply voltage threshold value, instruct the solar battery 1a to directly supply power to the power supply circuit 5 and charge the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 at the same time;

The second stage power supply instruction: when the voltage value of the solar battery 1a is greater than the preset power supply voltage threshold value, and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 reaches the preset charging voltage threshold value, instruct the charging control circuit 2 to turn off the The charging operation of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3, while the solar battery 1a only directly supplies power to the power supply circuit 5;

The third level power supply instruction: when the voltage value of the solar battery 1a is lower than the preset power supply voltage threshold value, and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is higher than the preset first or second discharge voltage threshold value, the indication The supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 supplies power to the power supply circuit 5;

The fourth type of power supply instruction: when the voltage value of the solar battery 1a is lower than the preset power supply voltage threshold value, and the voltage value of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is lower than the preset minimum discharge voltage threshold value, instruct the charging control circuit 2 The power supply operation of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 to the power supply circuit 5 is stopped.

Example 2

The specific constituent modules and working principle of the node intelligent power supply device involved in the first embodiment are introduced in detail below.

The solar cell 1a comprises a miniature monocrystalline silicon solar panel; a miniature monocrystalline silicon solar panel is a semiconductor photodiode that can directly convert sunlight energy into electrical energy by the photovoltaic effect, and when the sun shines on the photodiode, the photoelectric The diode will convert the light energy of the sun into electric energy and generate current; the solar cell 1a collects solar energy and artificial light energy through the photoelectric effect and converts them into electric energy, and generates a voltage of about 5v under the control of the charging control circuit 2 through direct power supply technology priority The power supply circuit 5 is directly powered, and the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is charged through the charging control circuit 2; when many solar cells 1a are connected in series or in parallel, it can become a solar cell array with relatively large output power.

As shown in Figure 2, it is a schematic diagram of the charging control circuit of the node intelligent power supply device. For example, the charging control circuit 2 receives the charging control command C_CHR from the MCU microprocessor 4 and collects the voltage value V _{S_IN} of the solar battery 1a through the Schottky rectifier D ₁ Generate a charging voltage V _CHR to charge the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 .

As shown in Figure 3, it is a schematic diagram of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit of the node intelligent power supply device. It consists of two parts.

其中C为超级电容的单体电容量，U_max为单体超级电容充电完成的电压值，

U_{ic_min}为芯片的最低启动电压。故超级电容阵列的能量总输出为W_all＝mnW。其等效串联内阻

等效电容为

其中N_s为串联器件数，N_p为并联支路数，gRs指代单个超级电容的内阻，gC为单个超级电容的电容量。本实施例采用两个2.3V的超级电容单体串联构成储能电路31，若要扩大其应用范围只需要改变超级电容的串并联数量和相应的芯片即可。In the energy storage circuit 31 , the charging voltage V _CHR charges the supercapacitor through the current-limiting resistor R ₅ and the anti-reverse charge diode D ₂ to generate a voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 . The energy stored in a single supercapacitor is limited and the withstand voltage is not high. It needs to be expanded by corresponding series and parallel methods to be suitable for different applications. Assuming that the energy storage circuit 31 is composed of m in series and n groups in parallel, the energy output of each energy storage circuit 31 is

Where C is the capacitance of a single supercapacitor, U _max is the voltage value of a single supercapacitor after charging,

U _{ic_min} is the minimum starting voltage of the chip. Therefore, the total energy output of the supercapacitor array is W _all =mnW. Its equivalent series internal resistance

The equivalent capacitance is

Among them, N _s is the number of series devices, N _p is the number of parallel branches, gRs refers to the internal resistance of a single supercapacitor, and gC is the capacitance of a single supercapacitor. In this embodiment, two 2.3V supercapacitors are connected in series to form the energy storage circuit 31 . To expand its application range, it is only necessary to change the number of supercapacitors connected in series and in parallel and the corresponding chips.

In the step-up voltage stabilizing circuit 32, due to the continuous discharge along with the operation of the supercapacitor, the voltage at its two ends will continue to decrease, and when the supercapacitor releases 50% of the energy stored, its terminal voltage will drop to 70% of the initial voltage, A corresponding boost voltage regulation control circuit is required to avoid affecting the normal operation of the load due to the reduction in the voltage of the super capacitor array, and to improve the utilization rate of the energy storage of the super capacitor. A stable output voltage V _{C_BR} can be provided through a DC-DC boost regulator chip, plus an inductor L, a Schottky diode D ₃ and an output capacitor C ₁ . According to the data sheet of the DC-DC boost voltage regulator chip, high conversion efficiency can be obtained by selecting appropriate inductors, capacitors, and Schottky diodes.

As the core part of the technical solution of this embodiment, the MCU microprocessor 4 is used to send instructions to the charging control circuit 2, and the charging control circuit 2 collects the voltage value V _{S_IN} of the solar battery 1a and the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 , after a series of processing such as internal analog-to-digital conversion and voltage judgment, the power supply command is obtained according to the processing results. If the voltage value V _{S_IN} of the solar cell 1a is greater than the preset power supply voltage threshold value (selected as 4V here), the MCU microprocessor 4 sends a power supply command including the charging control signal C_CHR and the output control signal C_OUT; the charging control The signal C_CHR opens the path between the charging control circuit 2 and the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 to ensure charging. The output control signal C_OUT controls the direct power supply of the solar battery 1a to the power supply circuit 5; if the voltage value V _{S_IN} of the solar battery 1a is less than the preset When the set power supply voltage threshold value (selected as 4V here), and the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is also higher than the preset minimum discharge threshold value V _{D_th} , then the MCU microprocessor 4 will Issue a power supply command including the output control signal C_OUT to control the opening of the energy path from the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 to the power supply circuit 5, and after the voltage stabilization process of the power supply circuit 5, it is used as the power supply energy of the node.

As shown in Figure 4, it is a schematic diagram of the power supply circuit of the node intelligent power supply device. The power supply circuit 5 is connected to the output V _{S_IN} of the solar battery 1a and the output V _{C_BR} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3, and receives the output control signal of the MCU microprocessor 4. The power supply command of C_OUT outputs the voltage of one of the solar battery 1a and the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 to supply power to the node load after the voltage is stabilized. If the MCU microprocessor 4 selects the solar battery 1a to output V _{S_IN} for direct power supply, the control signal C_OUT controls the power supply circuit 5 voltage regulator chip to perform voltage stabilization processing on the solar battery 1a output V _{S_IN} , and the processed voltage is used as V _{C_OUT} output power supply At the same time, the control signal C_OUT is controlled by the inverter _D5 to cut off the power supply output path of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3; similarly, if the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is selected for power supply output, the control signal C_OUT acts on the triode _Q4 and the field effect transistor Q ₅ , open the output path of V _{C_BR} , so that V _{C_BR} serves as the output power of V _{C_OUT} , and at this time, the power supply path of the output V _{S_IN} of the solar cell 1a is cut off.

Further, when the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 discharges and outputs, the MCU microprocessor 4 collects the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 through the charging control circuit 2, and judges whether it reaches the preset charging voltage threshold value V _{C_th} , the charging control signal C_CHR is sent to turn off the charging control circuit 2, so as to prevent the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 from being overcharged.

Further, when the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 discharges and outputs, the MCU microprocessor 4 collects the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 through the charging control circuit 2, and judges whether it is lower than the preset minimum discharge voltage threshold If the value V _{D_th} is lower than, the MCU microprocessor 4 controls the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 to stop supplying power to the power supply circuit 5 through the output control signal C_OUT, so as to prevent the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 from over-discharging.

In addition, the MCU microprocessor 4 collects the voltage value V _{S_IN} of the solar battery 1a and the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 through the charging control circuit 2, and through energy state analysis, according to sufficient energy, good energy, medium energy, energy stress, The five different energy states of weak energy control the node to enter AM0, AM1, AM2, AM3, AM4 and other five different energy states and the corresponding working modes of the node working mode, as shown in the following table:

As shown in the above table, if the solar energy is sufficient, the solar battery is directly powered, and the supercapacitor energy storage circuit is charged, V _{S_IN} ≥ 4V (the preset power supply voltage threshold value), the power supply device has sufficient energy, and the node’s work at this time The mode is AM0, and the wireless node works efficiently; if the external solar energy is not sufficient due to environmental reasons, the supercapacitor energy storage circuit discharges, and V _{C_BAT} ≥ 4V (the preset first discharge voltage threshold), the energy supply device The energy is good, the working mode of the node is AM1, and the node can work normally; if it is discharged by the supercapacitor energy storage circuit, 3.5V (the preset second discharge voltage threshold) ≤ V _{C_BAT} ≤ 4V (the preset first discharge Voltage threshold value), the energy of the energy supply device needs to be replenished, and the working mode of the node is AM2 at this time, and the node in this working mode can only work as a leaf node; if the supercapacitor energy storage circuit is discharged, V _{D_th} (the preset minimum Discharge voltage threshold) ≤ V _{C_BAT} ≤ 3.5V (the second preset discharge voltage threshold value), the energy supply of the energy supply device is tight, and the working mode of the node is AM3 at this time. Peripheral circuits, only run the necessary acquisition functions; if the supercapacitor energy storage circuit is discharged, the voltage V _{C_BAT} ≤ V _{D_th} (the preset minimum discharge voltage threshold), then the energy of the energy supply device is weak, at this time the energy of the node is weak, and the working mode For AM4, the node does not work when it is powered off, waiting for the energy to recover.

As shown in Figure 5, it is the node working mode transition diagram of the node intelligent power supply device. Since the charging and discharging process has a certain time, the conversion of each working mode gradually changes according to the state of the energy, so the change of the working mode is also gradual. According to The energy is sufficient, the energy is good, the energy is medium, the energy is tight, and the energy is weak. The nodes enter the five working modes of AM0, AM1, AM2, AM3, and AM4 in turn; Enter the 5 working modes of AM4, AM3, AM2, AM1, AM0 in turn.

Furthermore, the MCU microprocessor 4 of the device adopts the node's own microprocessor chip without adding external MCU components, and truly realizes the intelligent energy management of the node, so that the device can work under the energy demand instructions of the node, and more Efficiently cooperate with the actual work requirements of the nodes.

Example 3

The specific flow of the node intelligent power supply method using the node intelligent power supply device involved in Embodiments 1 and 2 will be specifically introduced below.

As shown in Figure 6, the method includes the following steps:

Step 1: MCU microprocessor 4 power-on initialization, and software and hardware initialization; simultaneously set the power supply voltage threshold value of the solar cell 1a (set to 4V here), and the first discharge voltage gate of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 Limit (here set to 4V), the second discharge voltage threshold (here set to 3.5V) and the lowest discharge voltage threshold V _{D_th} .

Step 2: the MCU microprocessor 4 collects the voltage value V _{S_IN} of the solar battery 1a and the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 through the charging control circuit 2;

Step 3: The MCU microprocessor 4 performs analog-to-digital conversion and voltage comparison processing on the voltage value V _{S_IN} of the solar battery 1a and the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3, and generates a power supply instruction according to the processing result to control the solar battery 1a to The supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 and the power supply circuit 5 supply power at the same time; or,

Control the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 to supply power to the power supply circuit 5 according to the power supply instruction;

Step 4: According to the power supply instruction, control the power supply circuit 5 to receive power from the solar battery 1a or the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 to support the node load with energy.

Wherein, the power supply command includes: a charging control signal C_CHR for controlling the solar battery 1a to charge the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3, and an output control signal C_OUT for controlling the solar battery 1a or the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 to supply power to the power supply circuit 5;

Among them, in step 2:

When the voltage value V _{S_IN} of the solar battery 1a was greater than the preset supply voltage threshold value (set to 4V here), the MCU microprocessor 4 instructed the solar battery 1a to charge the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 by sending the charging control signal C_CHR. Charging, while controlling the solar battery 1a to directly supply power to the power supply circuit 5 by sending the output control signal C_OUT, the output voltage V _{S_IN} of the solar battery 1a is stabilized, and then output to the node load as the power supply output V _{C_OUT} , and the node enters the AM0 working mode at the same time;

When the voltage value V _{S_IN} of the solar battery 1a is greater than the preset power supply voltage threshold value (here set to 4V), and the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 reaches the preset charging voltage threshold value V _{C_th} , instructing the charging control circuit 2 to close the charging operation of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3, while the renewable energy battery only directly supplies power to the power supply circuit;

If due to reasons such as the environment, the external solar energy is not very sufficient, when the voltage value V _{S_IN} of the solar cell 1a is lower than the preset power supply voltage threshold value (here set to 4V), and the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 When it is higher than the preset first discharge voltage threshold value (set to 4V here), the supercapacitor energy storage circuit is instructed to supply power to the power supply circuit, and the node enters the AM1 working mode at this time;

When the voltage value of the solar cell 1a is lower than the preset power supply voltage threshold value, the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is in a discharging state, and the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is higher than the preset second discharge voltage gate limit value (here set to 3.5V), and is lower than the preset first discharge voltage threshold value (here set to 4V), the energy of the energy supply device needs to be supplemented, and the working mode of the node is AM2 at this time, the working mode Nodes in mode can only work as leaf nodes;

When the voltage value of the solar battery 1a is lower than the preset power supply voltage threshold value, the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is in the discharge state at this time, if the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is higher than the preset minimum discharge voltage gate The limit value V _{D_th} is lower than the preset second discharge voltage threshold (here set to 3.5V), the energy supply of the energy supply device is tight, and the working mode of the node is AM3 at this time, and the number of communications between the MCU control nodes is reduced , turn off unnecessary peripheral circuits, and only run the necessary acquisition functions;

When the voltage value of the solar battery 1a is lower than the preset power supply voltage threshold value, the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is in the discharge state at this time, if the voltage value V _{C_BAT} of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit 3 is lower than the preset minimum discharge voltage gate The limit value V _{D_th} means that the energy of the energy supply device is weak, and the charging control circuit is instructed to stop the power supply operation of the supercapacitor energy storage circuit to the power supply circuit. At this time, the energy of the node is weak, and the working mode is AM4. The node is powered off and does not work, waiting for the energy to recover.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A node intelligent power supply device based on a wireless sensor network is characterized in that the power supply device comprises a renewable energy battery, a super capacitor energy storage circuit, a charge control circuit connected with the renewable energy battery and the super capacitor energy storage circuit, a microprocessor connected with the charge control circuit and a power supply circuit, wherein the power supply circuit is connected with the renewable energy battery, the super capacitor energy storage circuit and the microprocessor; wherein,

the renewable energy battery is used for directly supplying power to the power supply circuit and charging the super capacitor energy storage circuit under the control of the charging control circuit;

the charging control circuit is used for acquiring and feeding back a voltage value of the renewable energy battery and a voltage value of the super-capacitor energy storage circuit to the microprocessor according to an instruction transmitted by the microprocessor, controlling the renewable energy battery to supply power to the super-capacitor energy storage circuit and the power supply circuit according to a power supply instruction transmitted by the microprocessor, and controlling the super-capacitor energy storage circuit to supply power to the power supply circuit according to the power supply instruction transmitted by the microprocessor;

the microprocessor is used for processing the voltage value of the renewable energy battery and the voltage value of the super capacitor energy storage circuit which are fed back by the charging control circuit, generating a power supply instruction according to a processing result and transmitting the power supply instruction to the charging control circuit and the power supply circuit;

the super capacitor energy storage circuit is used for charging or supplying power to the power supply circuit under the control of the charging control circuit;

and the power supply circuit is used for receiving the power supply of the renewable energy battery or the super capacitor energy storage circuit according to the power supply instruction to perform energy support on the node load.

2. The wireless sensor network-based node intelligent power supply device according to claim 1, wherein the renewable energy battery is a solar battery, a vibration energy battery, a wind energy battery, a temperature difference energy battery or other renewable resources obtained from natural environment.

3. The wireless sensor network-based node intelligent power supply device of claim 1, wherein the super capacitor energy storage circuit comprises an energy storage circuit and a boost voltage stabilizing circuit;

the energy storage circuit is formed by connecting one or a plurality of super capacitor monomers in series/parallel.

4. A node intelligent power supply method based on a wireless sensor network is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: collecting a voltage value of a renewable energy battery and a voltage value of a super capacitor energy storage circuit;

step 2: processing the voltage value of the renewable energy battery and the voltage value of the super capacitor energy storage circuit, and generating a power supply instruction according to the processing result to control the renewable energy battery to simultaneously supply power to the super capacitor energy storage circuit and the power supply circuit; or,

controlling a super-capacitor energy storage circuit to supply power to a power supply circuit according to the power supply instruction;

and step 3: and controlling a power supply circuit to receive power supply of a renewable energy battery or a super capacitor energy storage circuit according to the power supply instruction to perform energy support on the load.

5. The intelligent power supply method for the nodes based on the wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 4, wherein the voltage value of the renewable energy battery and the voltage value of the super capacitor energy storage circuit are collected by a charging control circuit and fed back to the microprocessor;

and the power supply instruction is generated according to the results of the analog-to-digital conversion and voltage comparison judgment processing of the voltage value of the renewable energy battery and the voltage value of the super capacitor energy storage circuit by the microprocessor.

6. The intelligent power supply method for nodes based on the wireless sensor network as claimed in any one of claims 4-5, wherein in the step 2,

when the voltage value of the renewable energy battery is larger than the preset power supply voltage threshold value, the microprocessor sends a power supply instruction to indicate the renewable energy battery to directly supply power to the power supply circuit, and meanwhile, the super capacitor energy storage circuit is charged.

7. The intelligent power supply method for nodes based on the wireless sensor network as claimed in any one of claims 4-5, wherein in the step 2,

when the voltage value of the renewable energy battery is larger than the preset power supply voltage threshold value and the voltage value of the super capacitor energy storage circuit reaches the preset charging voltage threshold value, the microprocessor sends a power supply instruction to instruct the charging control circuit to close the charging operation on the super capacitor energy storage circuit, and meanwhile, the renewable energy battery only carries out the operation of directly supplying power to the power supply circuit.

8. The intelligent power supply method for nodes based on the wireless sensor network as claimed in any one of claims 4-5, wherein in the step 2,

when the voltage value of the renewable energy battery is lower than a preset power supply voltage threshold value and the voltage value of the super-capacitor energy storage circuit is higher than a preset first or second discharge voltage threshold value, the microprocessor sends a power supply instruction to instruct the super-capacitor energy storage circuit to supply power to the power supply circuit.

9. The intelligent power supply method for nodes based on the wireless sensor network as claimed in any one of claims 4-5, wherein in the step 2,

when the voltage value of the renewable energy battery is lower than a preset power supply voltage threshold value and the voltage value of the super capacitor energy storage circuit is lower than a preset minimum discharge voltage threshold value, the microprocessor sends a power supply instruction to instruct the charging control circuit to stop the power supply operation of the super capacitor energy storage circuit on the power supply circuit.

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