CN107453613A - A kind of solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor and control method - Google Patents
A kind of solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107453613A CN107453613A CN201710775520.3A CN201710775520A CN107453613A CN 107453613 A CN107453613 A CN 107453613A CN 201710775520 A CN201710775520 A CN 201710775520A CN 107453613 A CN107453613 A CN 107453613A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
- H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/4815—Resonant converters
- H02M7/4818—Resonant converters with means for adaptation of resonance frequency, e.g. by modification of capacitance or inductance of resonance circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention belongs to electroporation field, it is related to a kind of solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor and its control method, the continually changing low-voltage DC that solar cell panel assembly is sent efficiently is converted into the direct current that stable virtual value is 220V, and controlled by MPPT and electric energy is constantly equally converted into thermal energy storage in insulated electric water heater to use at any time, installation is very easy, it is non-maintaining, photo-voltaic power supply converter has small volume, it is in light weight, the characteristics of transformation of electrical energy efficiency high, cost is low, long lifespan, in addition to can be dedicated for solar electric water heater, it can also be used for other middle-size and small-size isolation boosting DC/DC converters；When the output voltage of photo-voltaic power supply converter by 220VdcIt is adjusted to 400VdcAnd corresponding circuit parameter adjustment is done, also can be as the prime of the prime or middle-size and small-size uninterrupted power source of middle-size and small-size solar photovoltaic grid-connection or off-network inverter.
Description
Technical field：
The invention belongs to electroporation field, is related to a kind of solar-electricity hot water powered with solar cell panel assembly
Device, particularly a kind of solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor and its control method.
Background technology：
Traditional solar water heater is made up of thermal-collecting tube, attemperater, support, connecting pipe etc., its mainly according to
Absorb the width of sunshine by the coating of thermal-collecting tube and penetrate and water is heated and be used to produce and live.Solar water heater is by structure point
General expression solar water heater and Split water-heater, wherein general expression solar water heater are thermal-collecting tube and attemperater one
Bodyization is arranged on the roof of building, and cost is relatively low, and Solar Enercy Fission Geyser then separates the two, is used for non-top layer
Family, cost are of a relatively high.No matter which kind of structure type, its principle is all that solar energy is directly translated into heat energy, service life
It generally 10 years, all there are problems that following some, such as outdoor connecting pipe and its heat-insulation layer are easily old in use for some time
To change leak or breakage, local pipe is easily caused under cold snap and freezes and can not use, vacuum glass heat collection tube easily bursts,
Whole installation procedure is complicated and regular maintenance bothers.With the development of solar energy and its photovoltaic industry, the price of photovoltaic cell is
3 yuan/watt are dropped to, and the photoelectric conversion rate of novel photovoltaic battery is up to 20%, this is created for exploitation solar energy electric heater
Condition.Therefore, a kind of solar energy for being generated electricity with solar cell panel assembly and being powered by high-efficiency photovoltaic supply convertor is designed
Electric heater has very big practical value and realistic meaning.
The content of the invention：
The defects of it is an object of the invention to overcome prior art to exist, it is high that design provides a kind of solar electric water heater
Photo-voltaic power supply converter and control method are imitated, solar cell panel assembly is arranged on window lower section or roof and is allowed to towards too
Sun, the unstable low-voltage DC output it are transformed into having for stabilization as input by high-efficiency photovoltaic supply convertor
The direct voltage output that valid value is 220V is powers installed in the insulated electric water heater of bathroom, while high-efficiency photovoltaic power conversion
Device also carries out MPPT maximum power point tracking (MaximumPowerPoint to the power output of solar cell panel assembly
Tracking, MPPT) control, utilized with ensureing that solar power generation obtains maximal efficiency；Installed in the heat preservation electric heating water of bathroom
Device is efficiently using the insulated electric water heater of solar energy, or user is in the mechanical or Intelligent electric hot water of bathroom installation
Device, generally insulated electric water heater is switched by switching and high-efficiency photovoltaic supply convertor is electrically connected, but also can be in urgency
Take and switch to industrial frequency AC 220V to power at any time, then switch back again, so as to the electricity that solar cell panel assembly is sent
Thermal energy storage can be constantly converted into use at any time in insulated electric water heater.
To achieve these goals, the agent structure bag of solar electric water heater of the present invention photovoltaic supply convertor
Include reverse hold-off diode, filter capacitor, resonant capacitance, switching tube, fly-wheel diode, high frequency transformer, high-frequency rectification circuit,
Output filter capacitor, switching switch, first voltage sample circuit, current sampling circuit, second voltage sample circuit, isolation voltage
Sample circuit, DC/DC power supplys, control single chip computer and drive circuit；Input voltage is through reverse hold-off diode and by filter capacitor
Input after filtering as circuit below, wherein, input voltage is the output voltage of solar cell panel assembly, and filter capacitor is used
In the energy of absorption high frequency transformer primary side inductance feedback, while filter action is played, reverse hold-off diode is used to prevent instead
To current direction solar cell panel assembly；Primary side inductance, resonant capacitance, switching tube, the fly-wheel diode electricity of high frequency transformer
Connection composition single tube resonance circuit, for by filtered DC inverter into high-frequency alternating current；High frequency transformer is by primary side electricity
Sense, magnetic core, secondary inductance composition, wherein, magnetic core is the magnetic core with air gap, and the coefficient of coup of primary side inductance and secondary inductance is
0.5-0.9, high-frequency alternating current are applied to high frequency transformer primary side inductance both ends, induced at high frequency transformer secondary inductance both ends
The positive and negative asymmetric high-frequency ac voltage of amplitude；Single tube resonance circuit and high frequency transformer are used to energy being delivered to pair from primary side
Side；High-frequency rectification circuit uses two kinds of circuit structures, when high-frequency rectification circuit is using high-frequency rectification circuit structure I i.e. high frequency voltage-multiplying
During rectification circuit, solar cell panel assembly is by one to three pieces of output voltages are 34.4V, power output is 300W solar-electricity
Pond plate composition, high-frequency rectification circuit structure I is by the commutation diode of structure I first, the commutation diode of structure I second, structure I first
Filter capacitor, the filter capacitor of structure I second electrical connection composition, for carrying out rectification to the high-frequency alternating current of high frequency transformer secondary
Filtering；When high-frequency rectification circuit is high frequency full bridge rectifier using high-frequency rectification circuit structure II, solar panel group
Part is made up of the solar panel that two to five pieces of output voltages are 34.4V, power output is 300W, high-frequency rectification circuit structure
II by the commutation diode of structure II first, the commutation diode of structure II second, the commutation diode of structure II the 3rd, structure II the 4th
Commutation diode electrical connection composition, for carrying out rectification to the high-frequency alternating current of high frequency transformer secondary；Output filter capacitor is used
Direct current after to rectification is filtered；Switching switch is used in 220VdcOutput and 220VacSwitch between civil power；Rectification is filtered
220V after rippledcVoltage switchs access insulated electric water heater through switching, when illumination long-time deficiency is interim is badly in need of hot water, will cut
Change switch and be connected to 220VacCivil power continues to heat, and is switched back again after；First voltage sample circuit gathers solar panel group
The output voltage signal of part simultaneously delivers to control single chip computer, the output current letter of current sampling circuit collection solar cell panel assembly
Number and deliver to control single chip computer, control single chip computer receives the output voltage signal of the solar cell panel assembly that collection comes and defeated
Go out current signal and carry out MPPT controls；The voltage signal of second voltage sample circuit collection switching tube drain-source interpolar simultaneously delivers to control
Single-chip microcomputer, before the current drive signal rising edge of switching tube arrives, whether the voltage of detection switch pipe drain-source interpolar is zero
Judge whether switching tube realizes that no-voltage is open-minded；The direct current output voltage signal of isolation voltage sample circuit collection converter is simultaneously sent
To control single chip computer, control single chip computer carries out Voltage Feedback control according to the converter direct current output voltage signal of reception；DC/DC
Are down into+12V by the output voltage of solar cell panel assembly for power supply and+5V two-way exports, the negative pole and solar energy of+12V outputs
The negative pole electrical connection of battery panel components, powers for drive circuit driving side；The negative pole and solar cell panel assembly of+5V outputs
Negative pole electrically connects, and is control single chip computer, isolation voltage sample circuit outlet side, the power supply of drive circuit control signal side；Control is single
Piece machine receives first voltage sample circuit, current sampling circuit, second voltage sample circuit, the collection of isolation voltage sample circuit
Voltage and current signal, via MPPT control programs, Sofe Switch determining program, Voltage Feedback control program, pulse width modulation
(Pulse Width Modulation, PWM)+pulse frequency modulated (Pulse Frequency Modulation, PFM) controls
Program generates the control signal of switching tube and delivers to drive circuit jointly；Drive circuit receives the switch that control single chip computer is sent
Through amplifying driving switch pipe after pipe control signal.
Insulated electric water heater of the present invention includes following three kinds：First, commercially available standard machinery formula electric heater, 220Vdc
The inlet wire of standard machinery formula electric heater is changed to the power supply of high-efficiency photovoltaic supply convertor during power supply, repacking is convenient；It is second, commercially available
Common Intelligent electric water heater, 220VdcDuring power supply, the power supply of common Intelligent electric water heater is by 220VdcDirectly power, its
Control circuit is powered directly from 220VdcInlet wire power taking, rectification circuit need to be skipped；Third, the existing insulation for efficiently utilizing solar energy
Electric heater, fully according to 220VdcPower supply is designed, and cost is lower, installation is more convenient.
The present invention realizes that the detailed process of solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor control comprises the following steps：
(1) electric on circuit, SCM program initialization, switching tube is adopted the mode soft start that PWM is combined with PFM, that is, given
Determine the original switching frequency and initial turn-on time of switching tube, gradually adjusted to setting value according to the control law of setting, make change
Parallel operation output voltage reaches 220Vdc；
(2) whether the output voltage for detecting converter changes, and when the output voltage of converter is unstable, is controlled by PFM
The switching frequency of method controlling switch pipe processed, the output voltage of stabilization transform device；Isolation voltage sample circuit collection converter
Direct current output voltage signal is simultaneously sent to control single chip computer, by Voltage Feedback control program compared with set-point, digital PID compensation
Afterwards, switch tube carries out PFM controls；If the output voltage stabilization of converter is constant, the set driving control of maintained switch pipe
Signal processed, if the output voltage of converter becomes big, the signal of increase switching tube switching frequency is sent, if the output electricity of converter
Buckling is small, then sends the signal for reducing switching tube switching frequency, so as to the output voltage of stabilization transform device；
(3) whether the voltage of its drain-source interpolar is zero to judge whether switching tube realizes zero before being opened by detection switch pipe
Voltage is open-minded, is interrupted by first and controls its driving pulse width with the method for PWM controls to realize that the no-voltage of switching tube is opened
Logical, the first priority interrupted is interrupted better than other；Before the current drive signal rising edge of switching tube arrives, second voltage is adopted
The voltage signal of sample circuit collection switching tube drain-source interpolar simultaneously delivers to control single chip computer, if Sofe Switch determining program judges switching tube
The voltage of drain-source interpolar is not zero, then it is open-minded to be not carried out no-voltage for switching tube, is interrupted into first, reduces switch controlled letter
Number pulse width a reference value, first interrupt return, wait detect next time；
(4) when the maximum power point of solar cell panel assembly shifts, interrupt controlling switch pipe by second and drive
The dutycycle of dynamic signal, it is equal with the equivalent internal resistance of solar cell panel assembly to adjust the equiva lent impedance of converter and load,
To realize MPPT, the second priority interrupted is interrupted inferior to first；First voltage sample circuit, current sampling circuit collect too
It is positive can the output voltages of battery panel components, output current signal and deliver to control single chip computer, in the n seconds enter one time second
It is disconnected, n value by program setting, MPPT control programs it is upper once carry out MPPT controls when the characteristic information that records on the basis of
Continue MPPT controls, until converter is operated in maximum power point, second interrupts return；
(5) judge whether converter needs to be stopped, if converter needs to be stopped, block output switch pipe
Drive signal；If converter need not be stopped, the output voltage of converter is detected again, is repeated the above steps, realize
The control of converter；In whole control process, the switching for switching switch is independently completed by user according to actual conditions.
Compared with prior art, the continually changing low-voltage DC that solar cell panel assembly can be sent is high by the present invention
Effect is converted into the direct current that stable virtual value is 220V, and electric energy is constantly equally converted into heat energy by MPPT controls and deposited
To use at any time in insulated electric water heater, the high efficiency solar electric heater formed has following some spies for storage
Point：When install it is very easy, non-maintaining, only the output end of the solar cell panel assembly of outdoor mounted need to be connected by electric wire
The input of photo-voltaic power supply converter is connected to, then the output end of photo-voltaic power supply converter is connected to bathroom by switching switch
Insulated electric water heater input, photo-voltaic power supply converter has small volume, spy in light weight, transformation of electrical energy efficiency high
Point, it is convenient to be installed to some outdoor, indoor or bathroom convenient fixed place；Second, advantage of lower cost, life-span
It is long, by the cost accounting of yuan/watt of solar photovoltaic battery component 3, with capacity and heating effect identical new type solar energy electric heating
Hydrophone cost is less than general expression solar water heater, and cost is lower compared with Solar Enercy Fission Geyser, with solar energy
The continuous improvement of cell panel cost performance, its advantage can be increasing, and the life-span of new type solar energy electric heater was up to 25 years；Three
It is that there is connecting pipe leak or icing, pipe insulating layer breakage, vacuum glass heat collection tube unlike solar water heater
The hidden danger of quality phenomenons such as explosion；In addition to can be dedicated for solar electric water heater, it can also be used to other middle-size and small-size isolation boosting DC/
DC converters；When the output voltage of photo-voltaic power supply converter by 220VdcIt is adjusted to 400VdcAnd do corresponding circuit parameter and adjust
It is whole, also can be as the prime of middle-size and small-size solar photovoltaic grid-connection or off-network inverter, or middle-size and small-size uninterrupted power source
The prime of (Uninterruptible Power Supply, UPS).
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of control process chart of solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 be solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor of the present invention working waveform figure, wherein UgsTo open
Close pipe Q driving voltage, UdsFor the voltage between switching tube Q hourglass source electrodes, UPFor resonant capacitance CrThe voltage at both ends, IPFor primary side
Inductance LPElectric current.
Embodiment：
Technical scheme is described in more detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment：
Solar electric water heater described in the present embodiment includes reversely two poles of cut-off with the agent structure of photovoltaic supply convertor
Pipe D, filter capacitor Ci, resonant capacitance Cr, switching tube Q, sustained diodeQ, high frequency transformer 1, high-frequency rectification circuit 2, output
Filter capacitor Co, switching switch S, first voltage sample circuit 4, current sampling circuit 5, second voltage sample circuit 6, isolation electricity
Press sample circuit 7, DC/DC power supplys 8, control single chip computer 9 and drive circuit 14；Input voltage UiThrough reverse hold-off diode D simultaneously
By filter capacitor CiInput after filtering as circuit below, wherein, input voltage UiFor the output electricity of solar cell panel assembly
Pressure, filter capacitor CiFor absorbing the primary inductor L of high frequency transformer 1PThe energy of feedback, while filter action is played, reversely cut-off
Diode D is used to prevent reverse current from flowing to solar cell panel assembly；The primary inductor L of high frequency transformer 1P, resonant capacitance
Cr, switching tube Q, sustained diodeQElectrical connection composition single tube resonance circuit, for filtered DC inverter to be handed over into high frequency
Stream electricity.High frequency transformer 1 is by primary inductor LP, magnetic core T, secondary inductance LSComposition, wherein, magnetic core T is the magnetic core with air gap,
Primary inductor LPWith secondary inductance LSThe coefficient of coup be 0.5-0.9, high-frequency alternating current is applied to the primary side inductance of high frequency transformer 1
LPBoth ends, in the secondary inductance L of high frequency transformer 1SBoth ends induce the asymmetric high-frequency ac voltage of positive and negative amplitude；Single tube resonance
Circuit and high frequency transformer 1 are used to energy being delivered to secondary from primary side；High-frequency rectification circuit 2 uses two kinds of circuit structures, when
When the use high-frequency rectification circuit of high-frequency rectification circuit 2 structure I is high frequency voltage doubling rectifier circuit, solar cell panel assembly can be by one
To the solar panel composition that three pieces of output voltages are 34.4V, power output is 300W, high-frequency rectification circuit structure I is by tying
The commutation diode D of structure I firstⅠ1, the commutation diode D of structure I secondⅠ2, the filter capacitor C of structure I firstⅠ1, structure I second filter
Electric capacity CⅠ2Electrical connection composition, for carrying out rectifying and wave-filtering to the high-frequency alternating current of the secondary of high frequency transformer 1；Work as high-frequency rectification circuit
When 2 use high-frequency rectification circuit structures II are high frequency full bridge rectifier, solar cell panel assembly can be by two to five pieces of outputs
The solar panel composition that voltage is 34.4V, power output is 300W, high-frequency rectification circuit structure II are whole by structure II first
Flow diode DⅡ1, the commutation diode D of structure II secondⅡ2, the commutation diode D of structure II the 3rdⅡ3, the pole of the 4th rectification of structure II two
Pipe DⅡ4Electrical connection composition, for carrying out rectification to the high-frequency alternating current of the secondary of high frequency transformer 1；Output filter capacitor CoFor right
Direct current after rectification is filtered；Switching switch S is used in 220VdcOutput and 220VacSwitch between civil power；Rectifying and wave-filtering
220V afterwardsdcVoltage is through switching switch S access insulated electric water heaters 3, can will when the illumination interim urgent need water of deficiency for a long time
Switching switch S is connected to 220VacCivil power continues to heat, and is switched back again after；First voltage sample circuit 4 gathers solar cell
The output voltage signal of board component simultaneously delivers to control single chip computer 9, and current sampling circuit 5 gathers the output of solar cell panel assembly
Current signal simultaneously delivers to control single chip computer 9, and control single chip computer 9 receives the output voltage for the solar cell panel assembly that collection comes
Signal and output current signal carry out MPPT controls；Second voltage sample circuit 6 gathers the voltage signal of switching tube Q drain-source interpolars
And control single chip computer 9 is delivered to, and before the current drive signal rising edges of switching tube Q arrive, the electricity of detection switch pipe Q drain-source interpolars
Whether pressure is zero to judge whether switching tube Q realizes that no-voltage is open-minded；The direct current that isolation voltage sample circuit 7 gathers converter is defeated
Go out voltage signal and deliver to control single chip computer 9, control single chip computer 9 is carried out according to the direct current output voltage signal of the converter of reception
Voltage Feedback controls；Are down into+12V by the output voltage of solar cell panel assembly for DC/DC power supplys 8 and+5V two-way exports ,+12V
The negative pole of output electrically connects with the negative pole of solar cell panel assembly, is powered for the driving side of drive circuit 14；The negative pole of+5V outputs
Electrically connected with the negative pole of solar cell panel assembly, be control single chip computer 9, the outlet side of isolation voltage sample circuit 7, drive circuit
14 control signal sides power；Control single chip computer 9 receives first voltage sample circuit 4, current sampling circuit 5, second voltage and adopted
The voltage and current signal that sample circuit 6, isolation voltage sample circuit 7 gather, via MPPT control programs 10, Sofe Switch determining program
11st, Voltage Feedback control program 12, PWM+PFM control programs 13 generate switching tube Q control signal and deliver to driving electricity jointly
Road 14；Drive circuit 14 is received after the switching tube Q control signals that control single chip computer 9 is sent through amplifying driving switch pipe Q.
Insulated electric water heater 3 described in the present embodiment includes following three kinds：When commercially available standard machinery formula electric heater,
220VdcThe inlet wire of standard machinery formula electric heater is changed to the power supply of high-efficiency photovoltaic supply convertor during power supply, repacking is convenient；Second,
Commercially available common Intelligent electric water heater, 220VdcDuring power supply, the power supply of common Intelligent electric water heater is by 220VdcDirectly supply
Electricity, its control circuit are powered directly from 220VdcInlet wire power taking, rectification circuit need to be skipped；Third, existing efficiently utilize solar energy
Insulated electric water heater, fully according to 220VdcPower supply is designed, and cost is lower, installation is more convenient.
The present embodiment realizes that the process of solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor control comprises the following steps：
(1) electric on circuit, SCM program initialization, switching tube Q adopts the mode soft start that PWM is combined with PFM, that is, given
Determine switching tube Q original switching frequency and initial turn-on time, gradually adjusted to setting value according to the control law of setting, make change
Parallel operation output voltage reaches 220Vdc；
(2) whether the output voltage for detecting converter changes, and when the output voltage of converter is unstable, is controlled by PFM
Method controlling switch pipe Q processed switching frequency, the output voltage of stabilization transform device；Isolation voltage sample circuit 7 gathers converter
Direct current output voltage signal and be sent to control single chip computer 9, by Voltage Feedback control program 12 compared with set-point, numeral
After PID compensation, switch tube Q carries out PFM controls；If the output voltage stabilization of converter is constant, maintained switch pipe Q is set
Driving control signal, if the output voltage of converter becomes big, the signal of increase switching tube Q-switch frequency is sent, if conversion
The output voltage of device diminishes, then sends the signal for reducing switching tube Q-switch frequency, so as to the output voltage of stabilization transform device；
(3) whether the voltage of its drain-source interpolar is zero to judge whether switching tube Q realizes before being opened by detection switch pipe Q
No-voltage is open-minded, is interrupted by first and 1. controls its driving pulse width with the PWM methods controlled to realize the zero of switching tube Q electricity
Press off logical, first interrupts priority 1. better than other interruptions；Before the current drive signal rising edges of switching tube Q arrive, the
The voltage signal of two voltage sampling circuits 6 collection switching tube Q drain-source interpolars simultaneously delivers to control single chip computer 9, if Sofe Switch judges journey
Sequence 11 judges that the voltage of switching tube Q drain-source interpolars is not zero, then it is open-minded to be not carried out no-voltage by switching tube Q, is interrupted into first
1. reducing the pulse width a reference value of switching tube Q control signals, 1. the first interruption returns, wait detects next time；
(4) when the maximum power point of solar cell panel assembly shifts, 2. controlling switch pipe Q is interrupted by second
The dutycycle of drive signal, to adjust the equiva lent impedance of converter and load and the equivalent internal resistance phase of solar cell panel assembly
Deng to realize MPPT, 1. the second priority for interrupting 2. is interrupted inferior to first；First voltage sample circuit 4, current sampling circuit
5 output voltages for collecting solar cell panel assembly, output current signal simultaneously deliver to control single chip computer 9, enter one every the n seconds
2. secondary second interrupts, n value by program setting, MPPT control programs 10 it is upper once carry out MPPT controls when the feature that records
Continue MPPT controls on the basis of information, until converter is operated in maximum power point, 2. the second interruption returns；
(5) judge whether converter needs to be stopped, if converter needs to be stopped, block output switch pipe Q
Drive signal；If converter need not be stopped, the output voltage of converter is detected again, is repeated the above steps, it is real
The control of existing converter；Switching switch S switching is independently completed by user according to actual conditions in whole control process.
Solar electric water heater described in the present embodiment is included with the next stage with the course of work of photovoltaic supply convertor：
t0-t1Period：In t0Moment, switching tube Q driving voltage UgsIt is changed into high level, now primary inductor LPElectric current
It is negative, switching tube Q is not turned on, primary inductor LPPass through sustained diodeQWith filter capacitor CiAfterflow, switching tube Q drain-sources both ends
Voltage be zero, to t1Moment, primary inductor LPElectric current be reduced to zero, switching tube Q conductings, switching tube Q realizes that no-voltage is opened
It is logical；
t1-t2Period：Input voltage is primary inductor LPCharging, primary inductor LPElectric current gradually increase, to t2At the moment, open
Close pipe Q driving voltage UgsIt is changed into low level, switching tube Q shut-offs；
t2-t3Period：Resonant capacitance CrFor primary inductor LPCharging, primary inductor LPElectric current continue to increase, to t3Moment,
Resonant capacitance CrVoltage be reduced to zero, primary inductor LPElectric current increase to maximum；
t3-t4Period：Primary inductor LPIt is reversed resonant capacitance CrCharging, resonant capacitance CrVoltage reversal increase, to t4
Moment, primary inductor LPElectric current be reduced to zero, resonant capacitance CrVoltage reversal increase to maximum；
t4-t5Period：Resonant capacitance CrFor primary inductor LPReverse charging, to t5Moment, resonant capacitance CrVoltage be reduced to
Zero, primary inductor LPElectric current reversely increase to maximum；
t5-t6Period：Primary inductor LPFor resonant capacitance CrCharging, resonant capacitance CrVoltage gradually increase, to t6Moment,
Resonant capacitance CrVoltage increase to and filter capacitor CiVoltage it is equal, the voltage at switching tube Q drain-sources both ends is zero；
t6-t7Period：Primary inductor LPPass through sustained diodeQWith filter capacitor CiAfterflow, switching tube Q drain-sources both ends
Voltage is zero, to t7Moment, switching tube Q driving voltage UgsIt is changed into high level, now primary inductor LPElectric current be it is negative, switch
Pipe Q is not turned on.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor, it is characterised in that agent structure includes reversely two poles of cut-off
Pipe, filter capacitor, resonant capacitance, switching tube, fly-wheel diode, high frequency transformer, high-frequency rectification circuit, output filter capacitor,
Switch switch, first voltage sample circuit, current sampling circuit, second voltage sample circuit, isolation voltage sample circuit, DC/
D/C power, control single chip computer and drive circuit；After input voltage is used as through reverse hold-off diode and after being filtered by filter capacitor
The input of face circuit, wherein, input voltage is the output voltage of solar cell panel assembly, and filter capacitor is used to absorb high frequency change
The energy of depressor primary side inductance feedback, while filter action is played, reverse hold-off diode is used to prevent reverse current flow direction too
Positive energy battery panel components；Primary side inductance, resonant capacitance, switching tube, the fly-wheel diode electrical connection composition single tube of high frequency transformer
Resonance circuit, for by filtered DC inverter into high-frequency alternating current；High frequency transformer is by primary side inductance, magnetic core, secondary
Inductance forms, wherein, magnetic core is the magnetic core with air gap, and the coefficient of coup of primary side inductance and secondary inductance is 0.5-0.9, high frequency
Alternating current is applied to high frequency transformer primary side inductance both ends, and it is not right to induce positive and negative amplitude at high frequency transformer secondary inductance both ends
The high-frequency ac voltage of title；Single tube resonance circuit and high frequency transformer are used to energy being delivered to secondary from primary side；High-frequency rectification
Circuit uses two kinds of circuit structures, when high-frequency rectification circuit is high frequency voltage doubling rectifier circuit using high-frequency rectification circuit structure I,
Solar cell panel assembly is made up of the solar panel that one to three pieces of output voltages are 34.4V, power output is 300W, high
Frequency rectifier circuit structure I is by the commutation diode of structure I first, the commutation diode of structure I second, the filter capacitor of structure I first, knot
The filter capacitor of structure I second electrical connection composition, for carrying out rectifying and wave-filtering to the high-frequency alternating current of high frequency transformer secondary；Work as high frequency
Rectification circuit using high-frequency rectification circuit structure II be high frequency full bridge rectifier when, solar cell panel assembly is by two to five pieces
Output voltage is 34.4V, power output is 300W solar panel composition, high-frequency rectification circuit structure II is by structure II the
One commutation diode, the commutation diode of structure II second, the commutation diode of structure II the 3rd, the commutation diode of structure II the 4th electricity
Connection composition, for carrying out rectification to the high-frequency alternating current of high frequency transformer secondary；After output filter capacitor is used for rectification
Direct current is filtered；Switching switch is used in 220VdcOutput and 220VacSwitch between civil power；220V after rectifying and wave-filteringdc
Voltage switchs access insulated electric water heater through switching, and when illumination deficiency is badly in need of hot water, switching switch is connected into 220VacCivil power after
Continuous heating, is switched back again after；The output voltage signal of first voltage sample circuit collection solar cell panel assembly is simultaneously sent
To control single chip computer, the output current signal of current sampling circuit collection solar cell panel assembly simultaneously delivers to control single chip computer,
Control single chip computer receives the output voltage signal for the solar cell panel assembly that collection comes and output current signal carries out MPPT
Control；The voltage signal of second voltage sample circuit collection switching tube drain-source interpolar simultaneously delivers to control single chip computer, works as in switching tube
Before preceding drive signal rising edge arrives, whether the voltage of detection switch pipe drain-source interpolar is zero to judge whether switching tube is realized
No-voltage is open-minded；The direct current output voltage signal of isolation voltage sample circuit collection converter simultaneously delivers to control single chip computer, controls
Single-chip microcomputer carries out Voltage Feedback control according to the converter direct current output voltage signal of reception；DC/DC power supplys are by solar cell
The output voltage of board component is down to+12V and the output of+5V two-way, the negative pole of+12V outputs and the negative pole of solar cell panel assembly
Electrical connection, powered for drive circuit driving side；The negative pole of+5V outputs electrically connects with the negative pole of solar cell panel assembly, for control
Single-chip microcomputer processed, isolation voltage sample circuit outlet side, the power supply of drive circuit control signal side；Control single chip computer receives the first electricity
Sample circuit, current sampling circuit, second voltage sample circuit, the voltage and current signal of isolation voltage sample circuit collection are pressed,
Via MPPT control programs, Sofe Switch determining program, Voltage Feedback control program, pulse width modulation+pulse frequency modulated control
Processing procedure sequence generates the control signal of switching tube and delivers to drive circuit jointly；What drive circuit received that control single chip computer sends opens
Through amplifying driving switch pipe after the pipe control signal of pass.
2. solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the heat preservation electric heating
Hydrophone includes following three kinds：First, commercially available standard machinery formula electric heater, 220VdcBy standard machinery formula electric heater during power supply
Inlet wire be changed to photo-voltaic power supply converter power supply；Second, commercially available common Intelligent electric water heater, 220VdcDuring power supply, common intelligence
The power supply of energy formula electric heater is by 220VdcDirectly power, its control circuit is powered directly from 220VdcInlet wire power taking, it need to skip whole
Current circuit；Third, the existing insulated electric water heater for efficiently utilizing solar energy, fully according to 220VdcPower supply is designed.
A kind of 3. control method of solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that
Specific control process comprises the following steps：
(1) electric on circuit, SCM program initialization, switching tube adopts the mode soft start that PWM is combined with PFM, i.e., given to open
The original switching frequency and initial turn-on time of pipe are closed, is gradually adjusted to setting value according to the control law of setting, makes converter
Output voltage reaches 220Vdc；
(2) whether the output voltage for detecting converter changes, and when the output voltage of converter is unstable, passes through PFM controlling parties
The switching frequency of method controlling switch pipe, the output voltage of stabilization transform device；Isolation voltage sample circuit gathers the direct current of converter
Output voltage signal is simultaneously sent to control single chip computer, by Voltage Feedback control program compared with set-point, after digital PID compensation,
Switch tube carries out PFM controls；If the output voltage stabilization of converter is constant, the set drive control letter of maintained switch pipe
Number, if the output voltage of converter becomes big, the signal of increase switching tube switching frequency is sent, if the output voltage of converter becomes
It is small, then the signal for reducing switching tube switching frequency is sent, so as to the output voltage of stabilization transform device；
(3) whether the voltage of its drain-source interpolar is zero to judge whether switching tube realizes no-voltage before being opened by detection switch pipe
It is open-minded, interrupted by first and control its driving pulse width with the method for PWM controls to realize that the no-voltage of switching tube is open-minded, the
One priority interrupted is interrupted better than other；Before the current drive signal rising edge of switching tube arrives, second voltage sampling electricity
The voltage signal of road collection switching tube drain-source interpolar simultaneously delivers to control single chip computer, if Sofe Switch determining program judges switching tube drain-source
The voltage of interpolar is not zero, then it is open-minded to be not carried out no-voltage for switching tube, is interrupted into first, reduces switch controlled signal
Pulse width a reference value, first interrupts return, and wait detects next time；
(4) when the maximum power point of solar cell panel assembly shifts, controlling switch pipe driving letter is interrupted by second
Number dutycycle, it is equal with the equivalent internal resistance of solar cell panel assembly to adjust the equiva lent impedance of converter and load, with reality
Existing MPPT, the second priority interrupted are interrupted inferior to first；First voltage sample circuit, current sampling circuit collect solar energy
The output voltages of battery panel components, output current signal simultaneously deliver to control single chip computer, enter one time second interruption every the n seconds, n's
Value by program setting, MPPT control programs it is upper once carry out MPPT controls when the characteristic information that records on the basis of continue into
Row MPPT is controlled, until converter is operated in maximum power point, second interrupts return；
(5) judge whether converter needs to be stopped, if converter needs to be stopped, block the driving of output switch pipe
Signal；If converter need not be stopped, the output voltage of converter is detected again, is repeated the above steps, realize conversion
The control of device；In whole control process, the switching for switching switch is independently completed by user according to actual conditions.
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| CN201710775520.3A CN107453613A (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | A kind of solar electric water heater photovoltaic supply convertor and control method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109186099A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-11 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | The impedance matching type water heater of photovoltaic DC power supply |
| CN113765384A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-07 | 电子科技大学 | Continuous maximum power point tracking method |
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| CN106981994A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-07-25 | 青岛大学 | A kind of single tube both-end inversion isolated form DC DC booster converters |
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| CN101795101A (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2010-08-04 | 北京交通大学 | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control device of photovoltaic generating system |
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| CN109186099A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-11 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | The impedance matching type water heater of photovoltaic DC power supply |
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| CN113765384B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2023-03-28 | 电子科技大学 | Continuous maximum power point tracking method |
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