CN110758132B - Variable-angle phase-shifting control method for optimal efficiency of wireless charging of electric automobile - Google Patents

Variable-angle phase-shifting control method for optimal efficiency of wireless charging of electric automobile Download PDF

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CN110758132B
CN110758132B CN201910985007.6A CN201910985007A CN110758132B CN 110758132 B CN110758132 B CN 110758132B CN 201910985007 A CN201910985007 A CN 201910985007A CN 110758132 B CN110758132 B CN 110758132B
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charging
secondary side
current
voltage
rectifier
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CN110758132A (en
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王来利
蒋勇斌
韩若麟
孙静
伍敏
王跃
杨旭
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable-angle phase-shifting control method for optimizing efficiency of wireless charging of an electric automobile, which comprises the following steps of: the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary active rectifier is controlled by the charging voltage/charging current loop, the ZVS phase angle of the secondary active rectifier is controlled by the ZVS phase loop, and the optimal charging efficiency working point is automatically searched by a disturbance observation method.

Description

Variable-angle phase-shifting control method for optimal efficiency of wireless charging of electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to a variable angle phase-shifting control method, in particular to a variable angle phase-shifting control method for optimizing efficiency of wireless charging of an electric automobile.
Background
The wireless charging technology is a safe and convenient electric energy transmission mode, and has the advantages of flexible and convenient use, less maintenance, adaptability to severe environment and easy realization of unmanned automatic power supply and mobile power supply. The wireless charging technology based on near field coupling can better meet the requirements in the aspects of distance, efficiency, power, safety and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of electric vehicles, consumer electronics, sensors, implanted equipment and the like. As electric vehicles have become popular, wireless charging of electric vehicles is becoming a very advantageous way of charging. However, in controlling wireless charging of an electric vehicle, there are several requirements:
1) a stable charging voltage and charging current. The wireless charging system is used as a power supply and needs to provide stable charging voltage and charging current for the battery of the electric automobile.
2) Switching losses are minimized. A wireless charging system based on a series-series resonance type requires the use of a high frequency inverter and an active rectifier. For high frequency inverters, MOSFET devices are generally used, and in order to reduce Switching loss, it is necessary to make the inverter operate in a Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) state as much as possible; for the active rectifier, MOSFET devices are also needed, so that the active rectifier is required to operate in ZVS state as much as possible, so as to minimize the switching loss of the system.
3) The transmission efficiency is optimized. Generally, a wireless charging system for an electric vehicle has a large charging power, and the optimization of efficiency is not only for energy saving but also for reducing temperature rise, ensuring reliability, reducing the volume of a radiator, and increasing power density.
4) A smaller number of converters. When wireless charging is realized, the number of converters is reduced as much as possible, the cost of the device is reduced, and the efficiency and the power density of a wireless charging system are improved, which is of great importance for the large-scale application of the wireless charging technology.
5) And (4) high reliability. In order to improve the reliability of the wireless charging system, when the constant voltage charging/constant current charging of the wireless charging system is realized, a wireless communication module is not adopted in a closed-loop control circuit of the constant voltage charging/constant current charging as much as possible, so that the reliability of the system is improved. In order to realize wireless charging of an electric vehicle battery, the conventional method is realized by controlling a primary-side inverter more. At the moment, the secondary side controller is required to collect charging voltage and current information in real time and send the charging voltage and current information to the primary side controller through the wireless communication module, so that the constant voltage charging/constant current charging of the battery is realized by using the information sent by the secondary side. When wireless communication is disturbed, the system becomes very unstable and the reliability of the system is greatly reduced. Therefore, in a complicated environment, it is required to reduce the use of the wireless communication module in the closed-loop control of the constant-voltage charging/constant-current charging as much as possible.
In practice, the transmission distance of the coil of the wireless charging system and the equivalent resistance of the battery of the electric vehicle are randomly changed, other parameters are drifted, the operating point of the system is different from the designed ideal operating point, and the requirements are influenced, so that the wireless charging system generally needs a set of control method to overcome the defects. However, the current control method mostly adopts an additional dc-dc converter to control the charging voltage/charging current and maximize the efficiency. However, the additional dc-dc converter brings additional loss, increases the volume and cost of the device, is not beneficial to the large-scale application and popularization of the wireless charging system, and a control method capable of meeting the five requirements still does not exist at present.
In summary, there is a need to provide a multi-target control method for a wireless charging system that can meet the above five requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a variable-angle phase-shifting control method for optimizing the efficiency of wireless charging of an electric vehicle, which can realize ZVS of an inverter and a rectifier on the premise of keeping stable charging voltage/charging current, automatically search an ideal working point of optimal transmission efficiency, and has the advantages of higher reliability and low cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the method for controlling the variable angle and the phase shift for optimizing the efficiency of the wireless charging of the electric vehicle comprises the following steps: and controlling the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary active rectifier by using a charging voltage/charging current loop, controlling the ZVS phase angle of the secondary active rectifier by using a ZVS phase loop, and automatically searching a working point with optimal charging efficiency by using a disturbance observation method.
The specific operation of controlling the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary side active rectifier by using the charging voltage/charging current loop is as follows:
the charging voltage/charging current loop acquires charging voltage/charging current information of a secondary side electric automobile battery, compares the acquired charging voltage/charging current information of the secondary side electric automobile battery with a preset charging voltage/charging current reference value to obtain a first error signal of the secondary side charging voltage and a first error signal of the secondary side charging current, inputs the first error signal of the secondary side charging voltage and the first error signal of the secondary side charging current into a charging voltage PID regulator and a charging current PID regulator respectively, and selects a second error signal of the secondary side charging voltageThe smaller of the output signals corresponding to the error signal and the first error signal of the secondary side charging current is used as the phase shift angle D of the secondary side rectifier after amplitude limitingsUsing the phase shift angle D of the secondary side rectifiersAdjusting the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary side active rectifier to control the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary side electric automobile battery;
the specific operation of controlling the ZVS phase angle of the secondary active rectifier through the ZVS phase loop is as follows:
phase shift angle D of secondary side rectifier of ZVS phase loop according to previous momentsFeedback signal for calculating ZVS phase angle of secondary side rectifier at current moment by using power angle delta
Figure BDA0002236420870000041
Then the feedback signal of the ZVS phase angle of the current secondary side rectifier is used
Figure BDA0002236420870000042
Reference signal in phase angle with ZVS
Figure BDA0002236420870000043
Comparing to obtain a second error signal, inputting the second error signal into a PID regulator, and taking an output result of the PID regulator as a power angle delta of a secondary side rectifier at the next moment so as to regulate a ZVS phase angle of the secondary side rectifier;
the specific operation of automatically searching the optimal efficiency working point by the disturbance observation method is as follows:
collecting the DC side voltage and current of the primary side inverter through the primary side controller, and calculating the DC side input power P according to the DC side voltage and current of the primary side inverter1Then the DC side input power P is converted by the wireless communication module1Transmitting to a secondary side controller; the secondary side controller collects the DC side voltage and current of the rectifier and calculates the output power P according to the DC side voltage and current of the rectifier2Then according to the DC side input power P1And the output power P2Calculating the charging efficiency after disturbanceWhen the calculated charging efficiency after disturbance is greater than the charging efficiency before disturbance, increasing ZVS phase angle instruction to next moment
Figure BDA0002236420870000044
When the calculated charging efficiency after disturbance is smaller than the charging efficiency before disturbance, reducing the ZVS phase angle instruction to the next moment
Figure BDA0002236420870000045
And when the calculated charging efficiency after disturbance is equal to the charging efficiency before disturbance, keeping the ZVS phase angle instruction unchanged at the next moment.
And the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary active rectifier is controlled by using a charging voltage/charging current loop, the ZVS phase angle of the secondary active rectifier is controlled by using a ZVS phase loop, and the priority of automatically searching for an optimal efficiency working point by using a disturbance observation method is reduced in sequence.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the variable-angle phase-shifting control method for the optimal efficiency of the wireless charging of the electric automobile is specifically operated, the charging voltage/charging current of the battery of the electric automobile is controlled through the charging voltage/charging current loop of the secondary rectifier, so that the charging requirement of the battery is met; the ZVS phase angle of the rectifier is controlled through the ZVS phase loop, so that the inverter and the rectifier realize ZVS simultaneously, the minimization of the system switching loss is realized, and the transmission efficiency of the wireless charging system is improved; the ZVS phase angle reference value of the rectifier is optimized and adjusted through the efficiency of disturbance observation, so that the system always works in an optimal efficiency state, the constant voltage charging/constant current charging of the battery of the electric vehicle and the ZVS control of the primary side and the secondary side are not required to be realized through primary side and secondary side wireless communication, particularly in a complex electromagnetic environment, the reliability of the system is greatly improved, and the cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a series/series resonant wireless charging system in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a dual loop control block diagram of an active rectifier for a wireless charging system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an efficiency optimization method for disturbance observation according to the present invention;
FIG. 4A shows that when constant current charging is realized, the coupling coefficient k is set to 0.15, the ZVS phase angle is given by reference 20 degrees, and the charging current is 4A, RLWorking waveform diagram under 8 Ω;
FIG. 4b shows that when constant current charging is realized, the coupling coefficient k is set to 0.15, the ZVS phase angle is given by reference 20 degrees, and the charging current is 4A, RLWorking waveform diagram under 18 Ω;
FIG. 5a shows that when constant voltage charging is performed, the coupling coefficient k is set to 0.2, the ZVS phase angle is given by reference 10 °, the charging voltage is 72V, and R isLWorking waveform diagram under 20 Ω;
FIG. 5b shows that when constant voltage charging is performed, the coupling coefficient k is set to 0.2, the ZVS phase angle is given by reference 10 °, the charging voltage is 72V, and R isLWorking waveform diagram under 72 Ω;
FIG. 6a shows that when constant current charging and ZVS phase angle control are realized, the coupling coefficient k is set to 0.2, the ZVS phase angle is given by reference 10 degrees, the charging current is 4A, and when R isLWhen the system changes from 8 omega to 13 omega, the dynamic working waveform diagram of the system is obtained;
FIG. 6b shows that when constant current charging and ZVS phase angle control are realized, the coupling coefficient k is set to 0.2, the ZVS phase angle is given by reference 10 degrees, the charging current is 4A, and when R is equal toLWhen the system changes from 13 omega to 8 omega, the dynamic working waveform diagram of the system is obtained;
FIG. 7a shows that when constant voltage charging and ZVS phase angle control are implemented, the coupling coefficient k is set to 0.2, the ZVS phase angle is given by reference 10 degrees, the charging voltage is 72V, and when R isLWhen the system changes from 18 omega to 23 omega, the dynamic working waveform diagram of the system is obtained;
FIG. 7b shows that when constant voltage charging and ZVS phase angle control are implemented, the coupling coefficient k is set to 0.2, the ZVS phase angle is given by reference 10 degrees, the charging voltage is 72V, and when R isLWhen the system changes from 23 omega to 18 omega, the dynamic working waveform diagram of the system is obtained;
FIG. 8a shows that when constant current charging and ZVS phase angle control are implemented, the coupling coefficient k is set to 0.2, RLSet to 13 omega, the charging current is 4A when
Figure BDA0002236420870000061
When the temperature is changed from 10 degrees to 20 degrees, the dynamic working waveform diagram of the system is obtained;
FIG. 8b shows that when constant current charging and ZVS phase angle control are performed, the coupling coefficient k is set to 0.2, RLSet to 13 omega, the charging current is 4A when
Figure BDA0002236420870000062
When the temperature is changed from 20 degrees to 10 degrees, the working waveform of the system dynamic state is shown;
FIG. 9 shows the equivalent resistance R of the battery when the coupling coefficient k is set to 0.15LSet to 30 Ω, transmission efficiency and system loss are plotted as the ZVS phase angle changes;
FIG. 10 shows system transfer power and efficiency as a function of battery equivalent resistance R under a dual loop control method and efficiency optimization algorithmLThe variation graph of the variation.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention discloses a variable-angle phase-shifting control method for optimizing efficiency of wireless charging of an electric automobile, which comprises the following steps of: and controlling the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary active rectifier by using a charging voltage/charging current loop, controlling the ZVS phase angle of the secondary active rectifier by using a ZVS phase loop, and automatically searching a working point with optimal charging efficiency by using a disturbance observation method.
The specific operation of controlling the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary side active rectifier by using the charging voltage/charging current loop is as follows:
the charging voltage/charging current loop acquires charging voltage/charging current information of a secondary side electric automobile battery, compares the acquired charging voltage/charging current information of the secondary side electric automobile battery with a preset charging voltage/charging current reference value to obtain a first error signal of the secondary side charging voltage and a first error signal of the secondary side charging current, inputs the first error signal of the secondary side charging voltage and the first error signal of the secondary side charging current into a charging voltage PID regulator and a charging current PID regulator respectively, and selects the secondary side charging currentThe smaller of the output signals corresponding to the first error signal of the voltage and the first error signal of the secondary side charging current is subjected to amplitude limiting and then is used as a phase shift angle D of the secondary side rectifiersUsing the phase shift angle D of the secondary side rectifiersAdjusting the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary side active rectifier to control the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary side electric automobile battery;
the specific operation of controlling the ZVS phase angle of the secondary active rectifier through the ZVS phase loop is as follows:
phase shift angle D of secondary side rectifier of ZVS phase loop according to previous momentsFeedback signal for calculating ZVS phase angle of secondary side rectifier at current moment by using power angle delta
Figure BDA0002236420870000071
Then the feedback signal of the ZVS phase angle of the current secondary side rectifier is used
Figure BDA0002236420870000072
Reference signal in phase angle with ZVS
Figure BDA0002236420870000081
Comparing to obtain a second error signal, inputting the second error signal into a PID regulator, and taking an output result of the PID regulator as a power angle delta of a secondary side rectifier at the next moment so as to regulate a ZVS phase angle of the secondary side rectifier;
the specific operation of automatically searching the optimal efficiency working point by the disturbance observation method is as follows:
collecting the DC side voltage and current of the primary side inverter through the primary side controller, and calculating the DC side input power P according to the DC side voltage and current of the primary side inverter1Then the DC side input power P is converted by the wireless communication module1Transmitting to a secondary side controller; the secondary side controller collects the DC side voltage and current of the rectifier and calculates the output power P according to the DC side voltage and current of the rectifier2Then according to the DC side input power P1And the output power P2Calculating post-disturbance charging efficiencyWhen the calculated charging efficiency after disturbance is greater than the charging efficiency before disturbance, increasing the ZVS phase angle instruction to the next moment
Figure BDA0002236420870000082
When the calculated charging efficiency after disturbance is smaller than the charging efficiency before disturbance, reducing the ZVS phase angle instruction to the next moment
Figure BDA0002236420870000083
And when the calculated charging efficiency after disturbance is equal to the charging efficiency before disturbance, keeping the ZVS phase angle instruction unchanged at the next moment.
And the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary active rectifier is controlled by using a charging voltage/charging current loop, the ZVS phase angle of the secondary active rectifier is controlled by using a ZVS phase loop, and the priority of automatically searching for an optimal efficiency working point by using a disturbance observation method is reduced in sequence.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, taking a 500W low-power wireless charging platform as an example, the voltage on the dc side of the primary side inverter is 80V, the inverter shifts phase by 180 degrees, inverts the dc voltage into a high-frequency ac square wave voltage to drive the transmitting side resonant network, thereby generating a high-frequency electromagnetic field, induces the high-frequency electromagnetic field by the receiving side coil and generates a high-frequency ac voltage, then charges the battery after rectification by the rectifier and capacitive filtering, and controls by using the control method described in fig. 2 and 3.
To illustrate the effectiveness of the present invention, the wireless charging system of the electric vehicle was experimentally verified using the parameters shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002236420870000091
According to the circuit parameters in Table 1, will
Figure BDA0002236420870000092
Is arranged at 20 degrees in a coupling systemUnder the condition that the number k is set to be 0.15, when the system works in a constant current mode, the charging current is set to be 4A, the equivalent direct current resistance of the battery is changed to be 8 omega and 18 omega, and the steady-state working waveforms at the moment are shown in fig. 4A and 4 b; when the system works in a constant voltage mode, the coupling coefficient is set to be 0.2, the charging voltage is 72V, the equivalent resistance of the battery is respectively 20 omega and 72 omega, the steady-state working waveform at the moment is shown in fig. 5a and 5b, and the inverter and the rectifier ZVS can be realized on the premise of keeping stable charging voltage/charging current by adopting the invention, so that the effectiveness of the invention is proved.
Is provided with
Figure BDA0002236420870000093
And k is 0.2, in the constant current charging mode, the charging current is set to be 4A, and the equivalent direct current resistance R of the battery is setLDynamic waveforms that spike from 8 Ω to 13 Ω see fig. 6 a; equivalent DC resistance R of batteryLThe dynamic waveform that abruptly decreases from 13 Ω to 8 Ω is shown in fig. 6 b. Is provided with
Figure BDA0002236420870000094
And k is 0.2, in the constant voltage charging mode, the charging voltage is 72V, and the dynamic waveform of the equivalent dc resistance of the wireless charging system is increased from 18 Ω to 23 Ω is shown in fig. 7 a; equivalent DC resistance R of batteryLThe dynamic waveform increasing from 23 Ω to 18 Ω is shown in fig. 7 b. The experimental result shows that the adjusting time of the secondary side current and the secondary side current is 183ms, 166ms, 164ms and 161ms respectively, so that the rapid dynamic response of the system is realized, the amplitude of the secondary side current is not greatly overshot, and the safe and reliable operation of the system is ensured.
Setting the coupling coefficient k to 0.2 and the equivalent DC resistance R of the batteryLAt 13 Ω, in constant current charging mode, set the charging current to 4A, will
Figure BDA0002236420870000101
The dynamic waveform of which the value is changed from 10 ° to 20 ° is shown in fig. 8 a; will be provided with
Figure BDA0002236420870000102
Has a value of from 20 °The dynamic waveform changed to 10 ° is shown in fig. 8 a; the experimental result shows that the phase angle adjusting time is about 126ms, the rapid dynamic response of the system is also realized, the secondary side direct current and direct current voltage amplitude is not greatly overshot, and the safe and reliable operation of the system is ensured.
When the battery is equivalent to the direct current resistance RLAt 30 Ω, the total system loss and system charge efficiency varies with the ZVS phase angle as shown in fig. 9, and the area within the dashed circle is the ZVS phase angle interval when efficiency is optimal. The system efficiency as a function of the equivalent resistance of the cell after the present invention was applied is shown in fig. 10. Under the condition that the coupling coefficient is 0.2, the optimal efficiency of the system can reach 95.2 percent; under the coupling coefficient of 0.15, the optimal efficiency of the system can reach 92.4%. The experimental result shows that the system can obtain higher transmission efficiency on the premise of realizing constant voltage charging/constant current charging and primary and secondary ZVS after the invention is adopted.
In summary, with the present invention, the constant voltage charging/constant current charging for the wireless charging system, the realization of the primary inverter and the secondary rectifier ZVS, the control of the optimal efficiency operating point are realized, and no wireless communication module is used in the constant voltage charging/constant current charging closed loop. The concrete expression is as follows: 1) the charging voltage/charging current loop ensures the stability of the charging voltage/charging current of the electric automobile; 2) the ZVS phase of the rectifier is controlled through the ZVS phase loop, so that the inverter and the rectifier realize ZVS simultaneously, the minimization of the system switching loss is realized, and the transmission efficiency of the wireless charging system is improved; 3) the efficiency optimization of disturbance observation can enable the system to always work in an optimal efficiency state by adjusting the ZVS phase angle reference value of the rectifier; 4) constant voltage charging/constant current charging of the battery of the electric automobile and ZVS control of the system are realized without primary and secondary wireless communication, and particularly in a complex electromagnetic environment, the reliability of the system is greatly improved; 5) by adopting the wireless charging system combining the main circuit shown in fig. 1 and the control structures shown in fig. 2 and 3, the control system is greatly simplified, the manufacturing cost of the system is reduced, and the reliability and the transmission efficiency of the system are improved.

Claims (1)

1. A variable-angle phase-shifting control method for optimizing efficiency of wireless charging of an electric automobile is characterized in that a charging voltage/charging current loop is used for controlling charging voltage/charging current of a secondary active rectifier, a ZVS phase angle of the secondary active rectifier is controlled through a ZVS phase loop, and a working point with optimal charging efficiency is automatically searched through a disturbance observation method;
the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary side active rectifier is controlled by using a charging voltage/charging current loop, and the specific operation is as follows:
the charging voltage/charging current loop acquires charging voltage/charging current information of a secondary side electric automobile battery, compares the acquired charging voltage/charging current information of the secondary side electric automobile battery with a preset charging voltage/charging current reference value to obtain a first error signal of the secondary side charging voltage and a first error signal of the secondary side charging current, inputs the first error signal of the secondary side charging voltage and the first error signal of the secondary side charging current into a charging voltage PID regulator and a charging current PID regulator respectively, selects a smaller one of output signals corresponding to the first error signal of the secondary side charging voltage and the first error signal of the secondary side charging current to perform amplitude limiting, and then uses the smaller one as a phase shift angle D of a secondary side rectifiersUsing the phase shift angle D of the secondary side rectifiersAdjusting the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary side active rectifier to control the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary side electric automobile battery;
the ZVS phase angle of the secondary side active rectifier is controlled through the ZVS phase loop, and the specific operation is as follows:
phase shift angle D of secondary side rectifier of ZVS phase loop according to previous momentsFeedback signal for calculating ZVS phase angle of secondary side rectifier at current moment by using power angle delta
Figure FDA0002956780650000011
Then the feedback signal of the ZVS phase angle of the current secondary side rectifier is used
Figure FDA0002956780650000012
And ZVReference signal of S phase angle
Figure FDA0002956780650000013
Comparing to obtain a second error signal, inputting the second error signal into a PID regulator, and taking an output result of the PID regulator as a power angle delta of a secondary side rectifier at the next moment so as to regulate a ZVS phase angle of the secondary side rectifier;
the specific operation of automatically searching the optimal efficiency working point by the disturbance observation method is as follows:
collecting the DC side voltage and current of the primary side inverter through the primary side controller, and calculating the DC side input power P according to the DC side voltage and current of the primary side inverter1Then the DC side input power P is converted by the wireless communication module1Transmitting to a secondary side controller; the secondary side controller collects the DC side voltage and current of the rectifier and calculates the output power P according to the DC side voltage and current of the rectifier2Then according to the DC side input power P1And the output power P2Calculating the charging efficiency after disturbance, and increasing a ZVS phase angle instruction to the next moment when the calculated charging efficiency after disturbance is greater than the charging efficiency before disturbance
Figure FDA0002956780650000021
When the calculated charging efficiency after disturbance is smaller than the charging efficiency before disturbance, reducing the ZVS phase angle instruction to the next moment
Figure FDA0002956780650000022
When the calculated charging efficiency after disturbance is equal to the charging efficiency before disturbance, the ZVS phase angle instruction at the next moment is kept unchanged;
and the charging voltage/charging current of the secondary active rectifier is controlled by using a charging voltage/charging current loop, the ZVS phase angle of the secondary active rectifier is controlled by using a ZVS phase loop, and the priority of automatically searching for an optimal efficiency working point by using a disturbance observation method is reduced in sequence.
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