CN113759119A - 一种水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒及其检测方法 - Google Patents
一种水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒及其检测方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒及其检测方法,属于荧光免疫分析领域。试剂盒由反应杯和试剂组成;其中所述反应杯包被有包被抗原,所述试剂由辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体工作液;孔雀石绿系列标准溶液;20倍浓缩磷酸盐洗涤液;10倍浓缩磷酸盐复溶液;10被浓缩样本提取液1,碳量子点荧光反应液A及碳量子点荧光反应液B组成。以碳量子点作为荧光底物,建立了孔雀石绿荧光淬灭免疫分析方法。该试剂盒检测时间为30min,检测限为0.032ng/mL,批内变异系数小于8%,批间变异系数小于15%,水产样品的回收率为90%±30%。本发明的荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒具有特异性高、灵敏度好、操作简便及可实现定量检测的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒及其检测方法,属于免疫检测技术领域。
背景技术
孔雀石绿是一种人工合成的三苯甲烷类碱性工业染料,因具有杀菌作用而被应用于水产养殖业以治疗鱼类或鱼卵的寄生虫、真菌或细菌感染。其在水生动物体内迅速代谢成隐形孔雀石绿,孔雀石绿及隐形孔雀石绿具有高毒、高残留、致癌、致畸及致突变等副作用,因此我国于2002年5月将孔雀石绿列为禁用兽药,且通常将孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿的总量作为水产品中孔雀石绿残留的限量指标。孔雀石绿的检测方法以仪器测法和免疫学检测法为主。其中仪器检测法包括:薄层层析法、分光光度法、高压液相色谱法、液相色谱质谱联用法、气相色谱质谱联用法等,但因大型仪器操作复杂,成本高昂等问题,并不适用于水产品中孔雀石绿的现场检测,因此,基于抗原抗体反应的免疫学检测方法被作为现场快速检测的主要方法。
碳量子点(CDs)作为一类环境友好型荧光纳米材料,具有良好的水溶性和生物相容性,其在生物传感和生物成像领域被作为QD的绿色替代品而引起了广泛的关注。Dong等人基于荧光內滤效应,通过辣根过氧化物酶/碱性磷酸酶的酶促产物淬灭CDs荧光,将常规ELISA的吸收信号转换为荧光信号实现了鸡肉样品中0.02ng/mL金刚烷胺的高灵敏检测分析。以上报道均表明,CDs具有成为高灵敏度荧光供体探针及实现高灵敏快速检测分析的能力。
基于此,通过简单的方法在水溶液环境中制备了碳量子点,并建立了快速,高灵敏度的荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒。目前,水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒还未见报道。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了用于水产品中孔雀石绿检测的碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒及其检测方法,为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒,包括盒体,设在盒体内的反应杯和设在盒体内的试剂;其中所述反应杯包被有包被抗原,所述试剂包括:辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体工作液;孔雀石绿系列标准溶液;10倍浓缩样本提取液1;20倍浓缩磷酸盐洗涤液;10倍浓缩磷酸盐复溶液;碳量子点荧光反应液A及碳量子点荧光反应液B。
优选的,碳量子点荧光反应液A包含过氧化氢和碳量子点,碳量子点荧光反应液B包含3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺和碳量子点。
碳量子点的制备包括如下步骤:
(1)碳量子点的合成:将3g柠檬酸和5g尿素添加到10mL超纯水中以形成透明溶液,然后将溶液在800W微波炉中加热5分钟,在此期间溶液从无色液体变为棕色,最后变为暗褐色的簇状固体,冷却至室温后,加入20mL水以溶解产物;
(2)碳量子点的纯化:将溶解后的产物于5000rpm离心10min后,装入3500Da透析袋,常温下用水透析过夜,得到棕色具有荧光的溶液,在365nm激发光激发下,在400nm-600nm处有荧光。
优选的,水产品样品前处理步骤如下:
取1g去除脂肪的肉样匀浆置于50mL离心管中,向其中加入2mL提取液1和8mL乙酸乙酯,混合震荡5min后4000rpm离心5min,转移2mL上层清液到5mL离心管中,向其中加入150μL氧化剂后,避光孵育10min,50℃温和气流蒸发吹干,残留物溶于1mL正己烷,并加入1mL样品复溶液。涡旋30s后4000rpm离心3min。吸取100μL下层溶液用于检测。最终检测结果应乘以稀释倍数4。
所述反应杯为容积为300μL或500μL或其他容积的单孔或8联反应杯;所述待测物系列标准溶液分别是从待测物纯品中稀释得到,待测物标准品中待测物浓度分别为:0.012、0.03ng/mL、0.09ng/mL、0.27ng/mL、0.0.81ng/mL和2.43ng/mL。
用所述的试剂盒检测待测物的方法,测定的基础是抗原-抗体反应。顺次向反应杯中加入待测物标准品或处理好的样品提取液和辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体工作液,温育洗涤后加入碳量子点荧光反应液A和碳量子点荧光反应液B,并检测荧光值,以加入孔雀石绿标准品的荧光值求抑制率并绘制标准曲线,以加入被测样品的荧光值从标准曲线上计算被测样品中待测物的含量。
所述试剂盒检测方法,向反应杯中加入待测物标准溶液或处理好的待测样品,并加入抗体工作液,37℃温育20min后用磷酸盐洗涤液洗涤,在滤纸上拍干磷酸盐洗涤液后,向反应杯中加入荧光反应液A和荧光反应液B各50μL,37℃温育10min后检测荧光值。
所述试剂盒抑制率计算方法,抑制率(%)=(Fx-F0)/(F0-Fb)×100%,其中F0为检测不含孔雀石绿的标准溶液时反应杯的检测荧光值,Fx为检测含有孔雀石绿的标准溶液或待测样品溶液时反应杯的检测荧光值,Fb为未添加待测物标准溶液或待测样品时反应杯的检测荧光值,以加入不同浓度孔雀石绿标准品的荧光值求抑制率,以抑制率为纵坐标,孔雀石绿标准品浓度的对数为横坐标作标准曲线,检测限以及灵敏度即抑制率为50%时所对应的孔雀石绿浓度(IC50)可以从标准曲线上读出;每一个样品的浓度可以通过样品测定荧光值计算抑制率,并根据抑制率从标准曲线上读出。
进一步,试剂盒对孔雀石绿的检测限为0.012ng/mL,灵敏度为0.032ng/mL。
进一步,所述荧光值是在365nm激发波长下用荧光检测仪测定各反应杯在560nm处的荧光值。
与现有国内外小分子物质免疫吸附检测技术相比,本发明具有以下突出的优点:
1、本发明利用碳量子点荧光信号代替酶联免疫分析的比色信号,实现孔雀石绿的高灵敏度荧光免疫检测分析;
2、本发明较酶联免疫检测试剂盒具有灵敏度高的特点;
3、本发明试剂盒内的反应杯的数量可以根据检测需要选择数量,可在1h内完成100-500个样品的快速检测分析,适用于大量样品的快速筛选,可作为食品中小分子待测物快速检测的有效筛检手段。
附图说明
构成本发明创造的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明创造的进一步理解,本发明创造的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明创造,并不构成对本发明创造的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为本发明碳量子点的荧光图谱。
图2为酶联免疫分析及碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒检测孔雀石绿结果图。
具体实施方式
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明创造,但所举实例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例l(制备实施例)
碳量子点制备
(1)碳量子点的合成:将3g柠檬酸和5g尿素添加到10mL超纯水中以形成透明溶液。然后将溶液在800W微波炉中加热5分钟,在此期间溶液从无色液体变为棕色,最后变为暗褐色的簇状固体。冷却至室温后,加入20mL水以溶解产物。
(2)碳量子点的纯化:将溶解后的产物于5000rpm离心10min后,装入3500Da透析袋,常温下用水透析过夜,得到棕色具有荧光的溶液,荧光光谱如图1所示,在365nm激发光激发下,在400nm-600nm处有荧光。
实施例2(制备实施例)
孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒制备
(1)包被抗原:用pH 9.6碳酸钠缓冲液将孔雀石绿包被抗原稀释至0.1μg/mL,取100-300μL加入到反应杯中,4℃孵育过夜。
(2)洗涤反应杯:次日弃掉反应液后加入200-500μL磷酸盐洗涤液,震荡2min后,甩掉磷酸盐洗涤液,如此重复3次,最后将反应杯在滤纸上拍干。
(3)封闭:向反应杯中加入200μL酪蛋白封闭液,37℃下孵育1.5h,弃掉酪蛋白封闭液,真空密封后在4℃保存。
实施例3(应用实施例)
孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒的应用
1.检测步骤
(1)加标准品溶液和辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体工作液:将100μL含有一定浓度孔雀石绿的标准品稀释液加入各反应杯后将100μL酶标记抗体混合物加入各反应杯,每个浓度两个平行,37℃下孵育20min,弃掉反应液后加入200-500μL磷酸盐洗涤液,震荡2min后,甩掉磷酸盐洗涤液,如此重复3次,最后将板在滤纸上拍干。
(2)显色:向各反应杯中加入碳量子点荧光反应液A和碳量子点荧光反应液B各50μL,37℃下显色10min。
(3)荧光读数:在365nm激发波长下用荧光检测仪测定各反应杯在560nm处的荧光值。
2.结果判定
本发明所述碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒以孔雀石绿结合酶标记抗体抑制底物氧化从而导致荧光恢复,待测反应杯中溶液在365nm激发下,560nm处的荧光强度值随待测样品中孔雀石绿含量增加而增加。结果判断标准:抑制率的计算公式为:抑制率(%)=(Fx-F0)/(F0-Fb)×100%,F0为测定不含孔雀石绿的标准溶液时反应杯的检测荧光值,Fx为检测含有孔雀石绿的标准溶液时反应杯的检测荧光值,Fb为未添加待测物标准溶液时反应杯的检测荧光值,以抑制率为纵坐标,待测物浓度的对数为横坐标作标准曲线,灵敏度即抑制率为50%时所对应的孔雀石绿浓度(IC50)可以从标准曲线上读出。如图2所示,本发明方法的IC50为0.032ng/mL。
实施例4(应用实施例)
孔雀石绿酶联免疫检测方法
1.检测步骤
(1)加标准品溶液和辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体工作液:将100μL含有一定浓度孔雀石绿的标准品稀释液加入各反应杯后将100μL酶标记抗体混合物加入各反应杯,每个浓度两个平行,37℃下孵育20min,弃掉反应液后加入200-500μL磷酸盐洗涤液,震荡2min后,甩掉磷酸盐洗涤液,如此重复3次,最后将板在滤纸上拍干。
(2)显色:向各反应杯中加入过氧化脲溶液和3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺溶液各50μL,37℃下显色10min。
(3)终止:用50μL硫酸终止液终止显色反应后在10min内读数。
(4)读数:用酶标仪测定各反应杯在450nm处的吸光度值。
2.结果判定
酶联免疫快速检测方法以孔雀石绿结合酶标记抗体抑制底物氧化从而导致吸光度值降低,待测反应杯中溶液在450nm处的吸光度值随待测样品中孔雀石绿含量增加而降低。结果判断标准:抑制率的计算公式为:抑制率(%)=(A0-AX)/(A0-Ab)×100%,A0为测定不含孔雀石绿的标准溶液时反应杯的检测吸光度值,Ax为检测含有孔雀石绿的标准溶液时反应杯的吸光度值,Ab为未添加待测物标准溶液时反应杯的检测吸光度值,以抑制率为纵坐标,待测物浓度的对数为横坐标作标准曲线,灵敏度即抑制率为50%时所对应的孔雀石绿浓度(IC50)可以从标准曲线上读出。如图2所示,酶联免疫分析方法的IC50为0.075ng/mL。
实施例5(应用实施例)
孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒的使用技术
1.水产品的预处理
取1g去除脂肪的鱼肉样匀浆置于50mL离心管中,向其中加入2mL提取液1和8mL乙酸乙酯,混合震荡5min后4000rpm离心5min,转移2mL上层清液到5mL离心管中,向其中加入150μL氧化剂后,避光孵育10min,50℃温和气流蒸发吹干,残留物溶于1mL正己烷,并加入1mL样品复溶液。涡旋30s后4000rpm离心3min。吸取100μL下层溶液用于检测。最终检测结果应乘以稀释倍数4。
2.检测步骤
(1)加待测样品和酶标记抗体混合物:将50μL含有一定浓度孔雀石绿的PBS稀释液或样品提取液加入各反应杯后将100μL酶标记抗体混合物稀释后加入各反应杯,每个浓度两个平行,37℃下孵育20min,洗板3次。
(2)显色:向各反应杯中加入碳量子点荧光反应液A和碳量子点荧光反应液B各50μL,37℃下显色10min。
(3)荧光读数:在365nm激发波长下用荧光检测仪测定各反应杯在560nm处的荧光值。
4.结果判定
待测反应杯中溶液在365nm激发下,560nm处的荧光强度值随待测样品中孔雀石绿含量增加而增加。结果判断标准:抑制率的计算公式为:抑制率(%)=(Fx-F0)/(F0-Fb)×100%,F0为检测不含孔雀石绿的标准溶液时反应杯的检测荧光值,Fx为检测含有孔雀石绿的标准溶液或待测样品溶液时反应杯的检测荧光值,Fb为未添加待测物标准溶液或待测样品时反应杯的检测荧光值,以加入不同浓度孔雀石绿标准品的荧光值求抑制率,以抑制率为纵坐标,孔雀石绿标准品浓度的对数为横坐标作标准曲线,每一个样品的浓度可以通过样品测定荧光值计算抑制率,并根据抑制率从标准曲线上读出。本发明所述试剂盒水产品样品检测灵敏度为0.12ng/g。如表1所示,本发明所述试剂盒检测水产品样品中孔雀石绿的检测值和添加值一致。
表1碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒检测水产品中孔雀石绿回收率
由表1可以看出样本发明方法检测鱼中孔雀石绿的含量准确度较高。
从图2可以看出来本发明的方法与酶联免疫法相比IC50低,具有更高的目标物检测灵敏度,有利于痕量目标物的高灵敏检测。
Claims (10)
1.一种水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒,包括盒体,盒体内有反应杯和试剂;其特征是,反应杯包被有抗原,所述试剂由辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体工作液;孔雀石绿系列标准溶液;10倍浓缩样本提取液1;20倍浓缩磷酸盐洗涤液;10倍浓缩磷酸盐复溶液;碳量子点荧光反应液A及碳量子点荧光反应液B组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒,其特征是,所述反应杯是由聚苯乙烯制备的单孔或8联反应杯,容积为300μL或500μL或其他容积。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒,其特征是,碳量子点荧光反应液A包含过氧化氢和碳量子点,碳量子点荧光反应液B包含3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺和碳量子点。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒,其特征是,碳量子点的制备包括如下步骤:
(1)碳量子点的合成:将3g柠檬酸和5g尿素添加到10mL超纯水中以形成透明溶液,然后将溶液在800W微波炉中加热5分钟,在此期间溶液从无色液体变为棕色,最后变为暗褐色的簇状固体,冷却至室温后,加入20mL水以溶解产物;
(2)碳量子点的纯化:将溶解后的产物于5000rpm离心10min后,装入3500Da透析袋,常温下用水透析过夜,得到棕色具有荧光的溶液,在365nm激发光激发下,在400nm-600nm处有荧光。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒,其特征是,所述反应杯包被抗原步骤包括:将孔雀石绿包被抗原用pH9.6碳酸钠缓冲液稀释至0.05μg/mL后向每个反应杯中加入100-300μL,置于4℃冰箱包被过夜,次日向包被抗原的反应杯中加入磷酸盐洗涤液250μL,震荡2min后,甩掉磷酸盐洗涤液,如此重复3次,最后将反应杯在滤纸上拍干后,向每个反应杯中加入100-250μL酪蛋白封闭缓冲液,37℃封闭1-2h后弃去反应杯中酪蛋白封闭液,真空密封后在4℃保存。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种水产品中孔雀石绿碳量子点荧光免疫快速检测试剂盒,其特征是,孔雀石绿标准品由酸性磷酸盐缓冲液稀释制成。
7.使用权利要求1所述的试剂盒检测水产品孔雀石绿的方法,其特征是,向包被抗原后的反应杯中加入待测物标准溶液或处理好的待测样品溶液,并加入辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体工作液37℃温育20min后向包被抗原的反应杯中加入磷酸盐洗涤液200-500μL,震荡2min后,甩掉磷酸盐洗涤液,如此重复3次,最后将反应杯在滤纸上拍干后,加入荧光反应液A和荧光反应液B各50μL,37℃温育10min后检测荧光值,以加入不同浓度孔雀石绿标准品的荧光值求抑制率,以抑制率为纵坐标,孔雀石绿标准品浓度的对数为横坐标作标准曲线,检测限、灵敏度即抑制率为50%时所对应的孔雀石绿浓度IC50能从标准曲线上读出。
8.权利要求7所述的试剂盒检测水产品孔雀石绿的方法,其特征是,所述待测样品溶液按照如下步骤得到:取1g去除脂肪的待测样品匀浆置于50mL离心管中,向其中加入2mL提取液1和8mL乙酸乙酯,混合震荡5min后4000rpm离心5min,转移2mL上层清液到5mL离心管中,向其中加入150μL氧化剂后,避光孵育10min,50℃温和气流蒸发吹干,残留物溶于1mL正己烷,并加入1mL样品复溶液,涡旋30s后4000rpm离心3min,吸取100μL下层溶液用于检测,最终检测结果应乘以稀释倍数4。
9.根据权利要求8所述的检测孔雀石绿的方法,其特征是,抑制率为:
抑制率(%)=(Fx-F0)/(F0-Fb)×100%,其中F0为检测不含孔雀石绿的溶液时反应杯的检测荧光值,Fx为检测含有孔雀石绿的溶液时反应杯的检测荧光值,Fb为未添加待测物标准溶液或待测样品时反应杯的检测荧光值,以孔雀石绿标准溶液抑制率为纵坐标,孔雀石绿标准品浓度的对数为横坐标作标准曲线,每一个样品的浓度可以通过样品测定荧光值计算抑制率,并根据抑制率从标准曲线上读出。
10.根据权利要求9所述的试剂盒检测孔雀石绿的方法,其特征是,试剂盒对孔雀石绿的检测限为0.012ng/mL,灵敏度为0.032ng/mL,水产品中孔雀石绿检出灵敏度为0.13ng/g,所述荧光值是在365nm激发波长下用荧光检测仪测定各反应杯在560nm处的荧光值。
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