CN113755374B - 一种降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌及其应用 - Google Patents
一种降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种降解2,4‑二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌及其应用,该降解菌为停滞棒杆菌(Corynebacterium stationis)ZH1027,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC M 2021922,其由活性污泥经以2,4‑二氯酚作为唯一碳源的胁迫驯化培养基,逐步提高2,4‑二氯酚浓度对活性污泥进行逐级胁迫驯化,每级胁迫驯化培养之间进行一次间歇损伤修复培养,再经过筛选得到。本发明的菌株能够耐受水体、土壤环境中高浓度2,4‑二氯酚,对污染水体、土壤环境中2,4‑二氯酚具有较好的降解效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及2,4-二氯酚降解领域,具体涉及一种降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌及其应用。
背景技术
2,4-二氯酚是一种有机化合物,分子式为C6H4Cl2O,主要用作有机磷杀虫剂丙硫磷等农药及医药合成的中间体。易挥发,腐蚀性强,能灼烧皮肤,刺激眼睛及皮肤,中毒严重者,可产生贫血及各种神经系统症状,对皮肤过敏者,可引起皮炎而难治愈。2,4-二氯酚为白色针状结晶,能随水蒸气挥发,溶于乙醇、乙醚、苯和四氯化碳等有机溶剂,微溶于水,对组织有强烈刺激性。
2,4-二氯酚污染物的主要来源是生产2,4-二氯酚的化工厂、石油化工厂等。土壤污染的主要情况有各种高浓度2,4-二氯酚废水直接污染土壤,固体2,4-二氯酚由于事故倾洒在土壤等。水体污染主要由水体沿岸上游污染源的事故排放,陆地事故(如交通运输过程中的翻车事故)发生后经土壤流入水体或槽罐直接翻入路边水体的情况等。这些污染会导致土壤或水体中形成高浓度的2,4-二氯酚污染。
针对2,4-二氯酚污染处理的方法很多,其中吸附法及光、化学催化降解的报道居多,如文献“林旭萌,宿程远,黄纯萍,等.污泥质生物炭对2,4-二氯酚的吸附性能[J].环境工程,2019(8).”报道污泥质生物炭对2,4-二氯酚的吸附去除率最高可达55.7%;又如“黄影,宋雄伟,吴忆,等.一种可吸附有机卤化物中2,4-二氯酚的降解方法:,CN109319917A[P].2019.”记载当污染物中2,4-二氯酚的浓度为20mg/L可有效被化学催化剂催化降解;文献“郭炎、李晶、郭超凡、丛珊珊、杨照地.CuPc/g-C_3N_4的制备和光催化降解2,4-二氯酚性能研究[J].化学工程师,2020,34;299(08):8-10.”报道了一种新型的2,4-二氯酚高性能光催化降解剂。上述方法虽然能有效或部分去除2,4-二氯酚,但生物降解法被认为是一种经济有效且无二次污染的方法【李碧,陈轶,孔殿超.2,4-二氯酚降解研究进展[J].广州化工,2013,41(005):40-]42】。针对高浓度的2,4-二氯酚生物降解的关键在于获取对高浓度2,4-二氯酚具有较好耐受性,且能高效降解能力的菌株。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对以上不足,提供一种降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌及其应用。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌,为停滞棒杆菌(Corynebacteriumstationis)ZH1027,于2021年7月21日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCCM 2021922。
进一步的,所述的降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌由活性污泥经唯一碳源培养基逐级胁迫驯化与LB培养基间歇损伤修复方法培养后,再经过筛选得到。
进一步的,唯一碳源培养基逐级胁迫驯化与LB培养基间歇损伤修复方法具体为,采用以2,4-二氯酚作为唯一碳源的胁迫驯化培养基,逐步提高2,4-二氯酚浓度对活性污泥进行逐级胁迫驯化,每级胁迫驯化培养之间进行一次间歇损伤修复培养。
所述的降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌在降解土壤环境中2,4-二氯酚的应用。
所述的降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌在降解液体环境中2,4-二氯酚的应用。
本发明的有益效果为:与现有的2,4-二氯酚降解菌相比,本发明的通过2,4-二氯酚唯一碳源培养基逐级胁迫驯化与LB培养基间歇损伤修复方法得到一株能够耐受水体、土壤环境中高浓度2,4-二氯酚的菌株,菌株命名为Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027,该菌株对污染水体、土壤环境中2,4-二氯酚具有较好的降解效果。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
附图说明
图1Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027在显微镜下的细胞形态;
图2Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027进化树;
图3不同碳源条件Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027生长曲线;
图4本发明的菌株在液体环境中对2,4-二氯酚的降解曲线;
图5本发明的菌株在土壤环境中对2,4-二氯酚的降解曲线。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
为解决现有降解菌在高浓度2,4-二氯酚环境中的耐受性及降解效率低的问题,本发明提供一种降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌及其应用,具体地说,利用“2,4-二氯酚唯一碳源培养基逐级胁迫驯化与LB培养基间歇损伤修复”方法,从湖北省孝昌县污水处理厂曝气池中分离筛选出一株能够耐受高浓度2,4-二氯酚并进行高效降解的菌株,菌株命名为Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027,其保藏编号为CCTCC M 2021922,保藏日期为2021年7月21日;相比于现有生物降解菌株,Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027在高浓度2,4-二氯酚的水体、土壤环境中表现出更好的耐受性和更高的降解效率。
一、2,4-二氯酚高耐受及降解菌株的筛选
(一)材料
活性污泥样本取自湖北省孝感市孝昌县污水处理厂曝气池。
间歇损伤修复培养基(LB培养基):酵母提取物5g/L、蛋白胨10g/L、NaCl 10g/L。
胁迫驯化培养基:NH4NO31 g,MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g,KH2PO4 0.5g,K2HPO4 0.5g,NaCl0.2g,FeSO4·7H2O 0.01g,2,4-二氯酚按胁迫驯化需要从50mg/L逐级提高浓度至1,500mg/L(2,4-二氯酚按50mg/L为一个提升浓度,灭菌后加入)
以上培养基均在121℃蒸汽灭菌30min。
(二)逐级胁迫驯化与间歇损伤修复培养
将活性污泥按占1%的比例接种到LB液体培养基中,37℃恒温摇床200rpm培养24小时活化。将活化培养的活性污泥培养物按10%的比例转接至含50mg/L 2,4-二氯酚为唯一碳源的胁迫驯化培养基,37℃恒温摇床200rpm培养48小时。上述培养物作为种子液,按占1%的比例接种到LB液体培养基中,37℃恒温摇床200rpm进行损伤修复培养。上述培养物作为种子液,按占10%的比例接种到含100mg/L 2,4-二氯酚为唯一碳源的二级胁迫驯化培养基中,37℃恒温摇床200rpm进行胁迫驯化。二级胁迫驯化培养物作为种子液,按占1%的比例接种到LB液体培养基中,37℃恒温摇床200rpm进行损伤修复培养。随后进行三级胁迫驯化,胁迫驯化培养基中2,4-二氯酚浓度提升至150mg/L,依次进行200mg/L、250mg/L、300mg/L等2,4-二氯酚浓度梯度的逐级胁迫驯化培养,直至2,4-二氯酚浓度到1,500mg/L,每级胁迫驯化培养之间进行一次间歇损伤修复培养。由于胁迫驯化培养基中2,4-二氯酚为唯一碳源,不能以2,4-二氯酚为碳源的微生物无法生长而被逐级淘汰。另外由于2,4-二氯酚,特别是高浓度的2,4-二氯酚对微生物细胞有毒性,逐级胁迫驯化培养之间进行间歇损伤修复培养,有利于细胞的损伤修复,从而使对2,4-二氯酚高耐受性的微生物得以有效胁迫驯化。
(三)高耐受、高降解效率的菌株筛选、分离及鉴定
将经逐级胁迫驯化培养的活性污泥培养物稀释涂布在含1000mg/L 2,4-二氯酚的无机盐培养基平板,37℃培养。在无机盐培养基上筛选得到约30个单菌落。挑选单菌落接种至含1000mg/L 2,4-二氯酚的无机盐液体培养基中在37℃恒温培养72小时后,按5%的接菌量接种至50mL含1000mg/L 2,4-二氯酚的无机盐液体培养基中,继续恒温培养72小时。经高浓度2,4-二氯酚耐受性测试,分离纯化得到5株能以2,4-二氯酚为唯一碳源生长且对2,4-二氯酚有较好耐受性的菌株。分别对5株菌株进行2,4-二氯酚降解效率的测定,苯酚降解效率的测定方法为:称取0.5g 2,4-二氯酚用100mL容量瓶定容,得到5g/L 2,4-二氯酚母液,取母液至培养基中使2,4-二氯酚的初始浓度1000mg/L,用LB液体培养基活化菌株,控制接种后培养基中的初始OD600=0.1,于37℃,200rpm振荡培养,每隔3h取样1mL培养液至EP管中,12000rpm离心5min后取上清液,用双蒸水将上清液稀释50倍,经过0.22μm的有机相微孔滤膜过滤,滤液用HPLC分析测定其2,4-二氯酚含量,分析菌株对苯酚的降解效率,从5株菌株中选取2,4-二氯酚降解效率最高的一株菌株,命名为ZH1027。
(四)ZH1027形态观察及分子鉴定
菌株ZH1027革兰氏染色呈现阳性,16×100倍油镜观察,细胞呈现短棒状(如图1)。
PCR扩增ZH1027的16S rDNA序列,16SrDNA测序委托武汉擎科伟业生物科技有限公司进行。使用NCBI的Blast工具(https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi)与已知核酸序列进行比对,将同源性最高的物种判断为送检样品的种属,选择同源性较高的已知16SrDNA序列通过MEGA软件构建进化树。
待检菌株的16S rDNA序列在NCBI上进行blast比对,通过比对的结果在MEGA软件中进行进化树的构建如图2所示。结果显示该菌株属于棒状杆菌属,与Corynebacteriumstationis亲缘关系大于93%,命名为Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027(停滞棒杆菌ZH1027)。
二、Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027对2,4-二氯酚的耐受性
将Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027用LB液体培养基37℃培养活化24小时,取培养物按1%接种量转接至分别含300mg/L~1800mg/L的2,4-二氯酚的LB液体培养基中,培养体积为50ml,利用分光光度计测定培养液中OD600表征其生长生物量(表1),根据生物量判断Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027在液体中对2,4-二氯酚的耐受性。液体环境中2,4-二氯酚浓度低于1600mg/L时,菌株表现出较强的生长能力。当2,4-二氯酚浓度达到1700mg/L时,菌株在培养基中的生物量明显减少,2,4-二氯酚浓度达到1800mg/L时,菌株无法生长。Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027在液体环境中对2,4-二氯酚的最高耐受浓度为1700mg/L。
表1.溶液环境中菌株ZH1027对2,4-二氯酚(2,4-二氯酚)的耐受性
将富含有机质的土壤烘干,50目过筛后灭菌分装,分别按每公斤土样添加2,4-二氯酚500mg~4900mg(500mg/Kg~4900mg/Kg),均匀混合。将Corynebacterium stationisZH1027用LB液体培养基37℃培养活化24小时,取培养物按10%接种量转接至分别含500mg/Kg~4900mg/Kg的2,4-二氯酚的有机质土壤,均匀混合,所有操作在无菌条件下进行。37℃恒温培养1周后分别取样等量土样进行稀释涂布平板计数,根据平板计数情况判断Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027在土壤中对2,4-二氯酚的耐受性(表2)。土壤环境中2,4-二氯酚浓度低于4300mg/L时,菌株表现出较强的生长能力,当2,4-二氯酚浓度达到4900mg/L时,菌株在培养基中的生物量明显减少,仍能正常生长,具有很好的2,4-二氯酚耐受性。Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027在土壤环境中对2,4-二氯酚的耐受浓度显著高于液体环境中,是因为土壤中2,4-二氯酚部分以固形物形式存在,对菌体的毒害作用较小。
表2.土壤环境中菌株ZH1027对2,4-二氯酚(2,4-二氯酚)的耐受性
三、不同碳源组分对Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027生长特性的影响
分别配制含500mg/L 2,4-二氯酚(DCP)、1g/L葡萄糖、500mg/L 2,4-二氯酚(DCP)+1g/L葡萄糖的无机盐液体培养基,按1%接种量接入经液体培养活化的Corynebacteriumstationis ZH1027,初始OD600值保持一致,在平行条件下采用全自动生长曲线分析仪Bioscreen C测定生物量,50小时生长曲线如图3。在含葡萄糖的无机盐培养基中,Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027表现出最好生物趋势。以2,4-二氯酚作为唯一碳源时,与葡萄糖作为碳源相比菌株生长受到明显抑制,2,4-二氯酚毒性的作用明显。在含2,4-二氯酚的培养基中同步添加葡萄糖,可以使Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027生物量明显增加,说明培养体系中葡萄糖碳源可以部分消除2,4-二氯酚对Corynebacteriumstationis ZH1027毒性作用。
四、Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027对2,4-二氯酚的降解
(一)液体环境中对2,4-二氯酚的降解
分别配制无机盐培养基和无机盐+葡萄糖的培养基1000ml,灭菌后按500mg/L的浓度加入2,4-二氯酚。用LB培养基37℃恒温培养24小时活化Corynebacterium stationisZH1027,将活化后的菌液按10%的接种量分别接入含500mg/L的2,4-二氯酚无机盐培养基和无机盐+葡萄糖的培养基,37℃恒温,200rpm震荡培养,每24小时同步取样分析培养液中2,4-二氯酚的含量,绘制2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)降解曲线,如图4所示。连续培养第8天后,在无机盐培养基中Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027对2,4-二氯酚的降解率为47.8%,在无机盐+葡萄糖培养基中对2,4-二氯酚的降解率可达到92.5%。葡萄糖作为其他有机碳源加入可提升菌株Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027对2,4-二氯酚的降解效率。
(二)土壤环境中对2,4-二氯酚的降解
为排除土壤中其他微生物对2,4-二氯酚的降解作用影响,准确测定Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027对土壤中2,4-二氯酚的降解效率,将富含有机质的土壤烘干,50目过筛后灭菌分装。每公斤土样添加2,4-二氯酚500mg,均匀混合。将Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027用LB液体培养基37℃培养活化24小时,取培养物按10%接种量转接至含500mg/Kg的2,4-二氯酚的有机质土壤,混匀37℃恒温培养箱避光培养。每24小时同步取样分析土壤中2,4-二氯酚的含量,绘制2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)降解曲线,如图5所示。15天后,灭菌的土壤中Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027对2,4-二氯酚的降解率为61.4%。
为评估Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027对土壤中2,4-二氯酚实际应用的降解效果。对实验土壤不做灭菌处理,其他操作方式相同,15天后,未灭菌土壤中Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027对2,4-二氯酚的降解率达到89.3%。表明利用Corynebacterium stationis ZH1027进行生物强化可有效提高对2,4-二氯酚的降解效率。
以上所述为本发明最佳实施方式的举例,其中未详细述及的部分均为本领域普通技术人员的公知常识。本发明的保护范围以权利要求的内容为准,任何基于本发明的技术启示而进行的等效变换,也在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌,其特征在于,为停滞棒杆菌(Corynebacterium stationis)ZH1027,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCC M 2021922。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌在降解土壤环境中2,4-二氯酚的应用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的降解2,4-二氯酚的停滞棒杆菌在降解液体环境中2,4-二氯酚的应用。
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