CN113748792A

CN113748792A - Tomato biogas liquid fertilizer application device and method

Info

Publication number: CN113748792A
Application number: CN202111169898.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鲁迪; 韩晓飞; 李潇然
Original assignee: Pingdingshan University
Current assignee: Pingdingshan University
Priority date: 2021-10-08
Filing date: 2021-10-08
Publication date: 2021-12-07
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-08
Also published as: CN113748792B

Abstract

The invention discloses a tomato biogas slurry fertilizer application device and a tomato biogas slurry fertilizer application method in the field of planting and drip irrigation, and the method comprises the following steps of firstly, mixing biogas slurry and a fertilizer according to a ratio of 4: 1; step two, mixing and fermenting the biogas slurry, and then introducing the biogas slurry into a drip irrigation system; and step three, adopting a liquid level drip irrigation method in the drip irrigation system to perform drip irrigation on the tomatoes in the planting area, and planting the tomatoes by using the drip irrigation method, so that the pollution of the fertilizer to the periphery of the soil is reduced, and meanwhile, the fertilizer cost is saved.

Description

Tomato biogas liquid fertilizer application device and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of planting and drip irrigation, and particularly relates to a tomato biogas liquid fertilizer application device and method.

Background

Tomato produces mucinous glandular hairs in its entirety and has a strong odor. The stem is easy to fall down. The leaves have pinnate complex leaves or pinnate deep cracks, the lobules are extremely irregular and have different sizes, and the edges of the leaves have irregular saw teeth or splinters. Calyx is spoke-shaped, the lobe is needle-shaped, and the fruit stays in the fruit; corolla spoke shaped, yellow. Berries are oblate or nearly spherical, have succulent flesh, are orange or bright red and smooth; the seeds were yellow. The flower and fruit period is summer and autumn.

At present, a plurality of tomato drip irrigation fertilizers are sold on the market, but most of the tomato drip irrigation fertilizers are simple substance fertilizers or are formed by mixing a plurality of chemical fertilizers, and nutrient substances of the simple substance fertilizers are single, so that the nutrients are unbalanced; part of the fertilizer also contains harmful substances, and the harmful substances in the soil are accumulated continuously to cause poor plant growth; the tomato drip irrigation fertilizer prepared from the fertilizer has limited purity and solubility, so that drip irrigation equipment is easy to block, and the production cost is greatly increased.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a fertilizer which does not block pipelines and saves production cost.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the tomato biogas liquid fertilizer application method comprises the following steps

Step one, mixing biogas slurry and a chemical fertilizer according to a ratio of 4: 1;

step two, mixing and fermenting the biogas slurry, and then introducing the biogas slurry into a drip irrigation system;

and step three, adopting a liquid level drip irrigation method in the drip irrigation system to carry out drip irrigation on the tomatoes in the planting area.

After the scheme is adopted, the following beneficial effects are realized: the drip irrigation method is adopted for planting, so that the pollution of the fertilizer to the surrounding of the soil is reduced, and the fertilizer cost is saved.

Further, the fertilizer content comprises vitamins, amino acids and hydrogen potassium elements.

Further, the drip irrigation device comprises opposite drip irrigation assemblies, wherein each drip irrigation assembly comprises a support, a driving piece, a spray head and a screw rod linear guide rail mechanism;

the spray head comprises a water inlet part, a rotating part, an ejection part and a liquid outlet from top to bottom, the water inlet part comprises a water inlet and a top cover connected with the screw rod linear guide rail mechanism, and a ball bearing is arranged between the top cover and the water inlet;

the outer surface of the rotating part is provided with a tooth part, the tooth part is meshed with racks, the racks are positioned on two radial sides of the screw rod linear guide rail mechanism, and a rotating ring is connected between the rotating part and the ejection part;

the push-out part is internally provided with a rotating rod, the rotating rod is connected with the rotating part, the rotating rod is in arc-shaped transition connection with the rotating part, the radial two sides of the rotating rod are provided with push-out blocks, the push-out blocks are in contact with T-shaped arms in the rotating process, the T-shaped arms comprise transverse rods located in the push-out part and vertical rods located outside the push-out part, the vertical rods are connected with check blocks, and tension springs are connected between the transverse rods and the push-out part.

Has the advantages that: 1. for the prior art who adopts the irrigation, utilize among this technical scheme to go into water portion and accept the fluid, the shower nozzle carries out reciprocating linear motion along with lead screw linear guide mechanism afterwards, and the shower nozzle traveles along the place ahead and carries out linear motion this moment, because the rotating part surface has tooth portion, and tooth portion meshing has the rack, and the shower nozzle is followed linear motion and is converted into circular linear motion this moment, and the dwang that lies in ejection portion in the motion process drives ejection block and lasts ejecting T shape arm expansion and shrink. The spray head enlarges the area of the drip irrigation liquid in the rotating process, and at the moment, the direct-current drip irrigation liquid is converted into a track with a circular curve.

2. For the prior art that adopts the increase to spray the area, montant drives dog expansion area and reduces the area among this technical scheme, becomes the mode of pulse efflux with the outflow of drip irrigation liquid, increases the power of effluenting of drip irrigation liquid.

Further, the outside parcel of lead screw linear guide mechanism has the irrigation board, and the irrigation board encloses with lead screw linear guide mechanism and encloses into having the infusion passageway, and the irrigation board that is located the below is opened and is had the spaced liquid hole of going out, forms airtight cavity between adjacent baffle and the infusion passageway.

Has the advantages that: 1. compared with the prior art adopting pulse jet, the technical scheme utilizes the single spray head to plant the spray between the rows, saves the number of the spray heads, utilizes the single spray head to flow out of a plurality of liquid outlet holes, and simultaneously the closed cavity is convenient for collecting and reserving the drip irrigation liquid in a cluster.

2. In the movement process of the spray head, the area change of the closed cavity is realized by the ejected stop block, and the drip irrigation liquid reserved near the liquid outlet is cleaned and collected by the stop block in the contraction and expansion processes, so that the broom effect is realized.

3. Meanwhile, in the volume change of the closed cavity, the hydraulic pressure of the drip irrigation liquid changes, so that the drip irrigation liquid is extruded out, and meanwhile, the drip irrigation liquid is limited to one position by the closed cavity.

Further, the water inlet surface is provided with spiral flutes.

Has the advantages that: the rotatability of the drip irrigation liquid is increased.

Further, the cross rod is immersed into the ejection part when the tension spring is in a natural state.

Has the advantages that: the ejection block which is convenient for the connection of the rotating rod is back to the T-shaped arm (is out of contact), and the extension spring drives the ejection block to return.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the influence of the biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on the content of alkaline nitrogen on the soil profile (in the figure, A, B and C respectively represent soil layers with the depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm, and different lower case letters above the column indicate that the difference between treatments is obvious at the level of 5%, and the lower is the same);

FIG. 2 shows the effect of biogas slurry and fertilizer on the effective phosphorus content of a soil profile;

FIG. 3 shows the effect of biogas slurry and fertilizer on the effective potassium content of a soil profile;

FIG. 4 shows the effect of biogas slurry and fertilizer distribution on the organic matter content of a soil section;

FIG. 5 is a top view of a biogas manure application device for tomatoes;

FIG. 6 is a left side sectional view of the sprinkler head of FIG. 1;

fig. 7 is a left side view of the spray head.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a support 1, a driving piece 2, a spray head 3, a screw rod linear guide rail mechanism 4, a tension spring 5, a water inlet part 6, a rotating part 7, an ejection part 8, a liquid outlet 9, a top cover 10, a ball bearing 11, a tooth part 12, a rack 13, a rotating ring 14, a T-shaped arm 15, a stop block 16 and an irrigation plate 17.

The embodiment is substantially as shown in figure 5: a tomato biogas liquid fertilizer application device comprises oppositely-arranged drip irrigation assemblies, wherein each drip irrigation assembly comprises a bracket 1, a driving piece 2, a spray head 3 and a screw rod linear guide rail mechanism 4;

the spray head 3 comprises a water inlet part 6, a rotating part 7, an ejection part 8 and a liquid outlet 9 from top to bottom, the water inlet part 6 comprises a water inlet and a top cover 10 connected with the screw rod linear guide rail mechanism 4, and a ball bearing 11 is arranged between the top cover 10 and the water inlet;

the outer surface of the rotating part 7 is provided with a tooth part 12, the tooth part 12 is meshed with a rack 13, the rack 13 is positioned on two radial sides of the screw rod linear guide rail mechanism 4, and a rotating ring 14 is connected between the rotating part 7 and the ejection part 8;

referring to fig. 6 and 7, a rotating rod is arranged in the ejection portion 8, the rotating rod is connected with the rotating portion 7, the rotating rod is in arc-shaped transitional connection with the rotating portion 7, ejection blocks are arranged on two radial sides of the rotating rod, the ejection blocks are in contact with a TT-shaped arm 15 in the rotating process, the TT-shaped arm 15 comprises a cross rod located in the ejection portion 8 and a vertical rod located outside the ejection portion 8, the vertical rod is connected with a stop block 16, a tension spring 5 is connected between the cross rod and the ejection portion 8, and the cross rod is immersed in the ejection portion 8 when the tension spring 5 is in a natural state.

The outside parcel of lead screw linear guide mechanism 4 has irrigation board 17, and irrigation board 17 encloses with lead screw linear guide mechanism 4 and encloses into the infusion passageway, and irrigation board 17 that is located the below is opened has the spaced liquid hole of going out, forms airtight cavity between adjacent baffle and the infusion passageway. The water inlet surface is provided with spiral flutes.

The specific implementation process is as follows: comprises the following steps

Step one, mixing biogas slurry and a chemical fertilizer according to a ratio of 4:1, wherein the content of the chemical fertilizer comprises vitamins, amino acids and potassium hydrogen.

and step three, adopting a liquid level drip irrigation method in the drip irrigation system to carry out drip irrigation on the tomatoes in the planting area. Utilize among this technical scheme portion of intaking 6 to accept the fluid, shower nozzle 3 carries out reciprocating type linear motion along with lead screw linear guide mechanism 4 afterwards, and shower nozzle 3 goes along the place ahead this moment and carries out linear motion, because the rotating part 7 surface has tooth portion 12, and tooth portion 12 meshes has rack 13, and shower nozzle 3 converts into circular linear motion from linear motion this moment, and the dwang that lies in ejecting portion 8 in the motion process drives ejecting piece and lasts ejecting 15 expansions and the shrink of TT shape arm. The spray head 3 enlarges the area of the drip irrigation liquid in the rotating process, and at the moment, the direct-current drip irrigation liquid is converted into a track with a circular curve.

In the technical scheme, the vertical rod drives the stop block 16 to expand the area and reduce the area, so that the outflow of drip irrigation liquid is changed into a pulse jet mode, and the outflow power of the drip irrigation liquid is increased. Utilize single shower nozzle 3 to plant the row-to-row spraying, save the quantity that sets up of shower nozzle 3, utilize single shower nozzle 3 to flow out in many liquid outlet holes, inclosed cavity is convenient for keep drip irrigation liquid tied in a bundle simultaneously.

The raised stopper 16 realizes the area change of the closed cavity, and the stopper 16 cleans and collects the drip irrigation liquid reserved near the liquid outlet 9 in the contraction and expansion processes, thereby realizing the broom effect. Meanwhile, in the volume change of the closed cavity, the hydraulic pressure of the drip irrigation liquid changes, so that the drip irrigation liquid is extruded out, and meanwhile, the drip irrigation liquid is limited to one position by the closed cavity.

Please refer to the application amount of the base fertilizer in table 1, and then a drip irrigation experiment was performed using the present apparatus to verify the fertilizer formulation, the experiment was performed using a completely random block design, for a total of 7 treatments, 3 repetitions. CK, no fertilizer application; CF, and applying fertilizer by farmers in a conventional way; HF, applying pure fertilizer; treating 4: ZF, and applying pure biogas slurry; treating 5, namely, matched application of ZF 80% + HF 20%, 80% biogas slurry and 20% fertilizer; treating 6, namely, ZF 50% + HF 50%, 50% biogas slurry and 50% fertilizer are applied in a matched manner; and 7, treating by matching ZF 20% + HF 80%, 20% biogas slurry and 80% fertilizer. The small area is 10.4m²(1.3 m.times.8 m), two lines of tomatoes are planted for 44 plants. The target output is 10000 kg, the biogas liquid dosage is converted by nitrogen content, and the phosphorus and potassium nutrients are supplemented by chemical fertilizers.

Sample collection and determination method

And respectively collecting mature leaves at the south of the tomatoes and 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm deep soil for analyzing the nutrients, the enzyme activity and the physical and chemical properties of the soil at 40, 80 and 160d after the field planting of the tomato seedlings. The measurement of the total nitrogen, the total phosphorus and the total potassium of the leaves respectively adopts a Kjeldahl method, a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance method and a flame photometric method; the leaf peroxidase activity was measured by guaiacol method. The determination of the soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium respectively adopts an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, a molybdenum-antimony colorimetric resistance method and a flame photometry, and the determination of the organic matter adopts a potassium dichromate external heating method. The total amount of soil microorganisms is measured by a flat plate diffusion method. The tomato harvest stage is carried out for yield and quality. The content of soluble sugar is measured by a hand-held refractometer, the VC content of the fruit is measured by a dichloroindophenol titration method, and the total acid content of the fruit is measured by a sodium hydroxide titration method.

TABLE 1 base fertilizer

2.1 influence of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on nutrient content of soil profile

As can be seen from fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, after planting for 40 days, the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in soil layers of 0-20 cm are the highest in HF treatment, and then ZF 20% + HF 80%, CF, ZF 50% + HF 50%, ZF 80% + HF 20%, ZF and CK; the variation trend of the content of available nutrients in a soil layer of 20-40 cm is similar to that of a soil layer of 0-20 cm; the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and quick-acting phosphorus in a soil layer of 40-60 cm are not obviously different, but the content of quick-acting potassium is the highest by HF treatment.

The change trend of the content of available nutrients in soil layers of 0-20 cm at 80d after planting is similar to that of 40d after planting, but compared with 40d after planting, the content of available phosphorus in the treatment of ZF, ZF 80% + HF 20% and ZF 50% + HF 50% is on the rising trend, the content of alkaline-decomposed nitrogen and available potassium in the treatment of CK, CF, HF, ZF, ZF 80% + HF 20%, ZF 50% + HF 50%, ZF 20% + HF 80% is respectively reduced by 40.92%, 35.83%, 45.42%, 35.93%, 36.43%, 37.19%, 41.53% and 8.02%, 36.55%, 51.76%, 50.32%, 36.37%, 37.92% and 48.03%, and the reduction range is maximum through HF treatment.

The alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and quick-acting phosphorus contents of the soil layer of 20-40 cm are improved compared with those of the soil layer of 20-40 cm after planting for 40d, wherein the improvement of HF treatment is most obvious; the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in a soil layer of 40-60 cm is the highest through HF treatment, and then ZF 20% + HF 80%, CF, ZF 50% + HF 50%, ZF 80% + HF 20%, ZF and CK, wherein the content of HF and ZF 20% + HF 80% is obviously higher than that of other fertilization treatments, the content of quick-acting phosphorus still has no obvious difference among treatments, the change of the content of quick-acting potassium is similar to that of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, and the content of quick-acting potassium still is the highest through HF treatment; after planting, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in soil layers of 0-20 cm after planting is the highest after ZF 80% + HF 20% treatment and is obvious in difference with other treatments, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and quick-acting potassium in soil layers of 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm after planting is similar to that of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and quick-acting potassium in soil layers of 80d after planting, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and quick-acting potassium in soil layers of HF 20% + HF 80% is still high, and the content of quick-acting phosphorus in soil layers of 40-60 cm is still not obvious in difference.

As shown in the figure 4, the organic matter content of 0-20 cm soil layers is the highest in the treatment of CF at 40-80 d after field planting, and then ZF, ZF 80% + HF 20%, ZF 50% + HF 50%, ZF 20% + HF 80%, CK and HF are treated; at 160d after colonization, ZF treatment was the highest. The change trend of the organic matter content of the soil layer of 20-40 cm after field planting is similar to that of the soil layer of 0-20 cm after field planting, but the organic matter content is the highest after field planting at 80-160 d by ZF treatment. The organic matter content of a 40-60 cm soil layer is higher after 40d of field planting by ZF, CF and ZF 80% + HF 20%; after the permanent planting, the treatment is higher at 80-160 d by ZF, ZF 80% + HF 20% and ZF 50% + HF 50%. Statistical data show that the soil organic matter content and the biogas slurry dosage form a good positive correlation.

Influence of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer distribution on number of microorganisms on soil profile

At 40d after field planting, the bacterial number of 0-20 cm soil layers is higher by ZF 80% + HF 20%, ZF and ZF 50% + HF 50%, the fungal number is higher by ZF, ZF 80% + HF 20% and CF, the actinomycete number is higher by ZF 80% + HF 20%, and CF and ZF are higher; the soil layer fungi of 20-40 and 40-60 cm are treated with ZF, ZF 80% + HF 20% and ZF 50% + HF 50% higher, and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes is not obviously different from that of the soil layer of 0-20 cm.

The microbial number of each soil layer is the highest treated by ZF 80% + HF 20% although the microbial number of each soil layer is changed from 80 to 160 days after planting, and the microbial number of each soil layer is increased by 1.45 times and 2.88 times, 1.61 times and 3.30 times, 1.85 times and 3.82 times compared with the microbial number of each soil layer of 0 to 20, 20 to 40 and 40 to 60cm after CF and HF treatment respectively at 160 days after planting.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. A tomato biogas liquid fertilizer application method is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps

2. The tomato biogas slurry fertilizer application method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilizer content comprises vitamins, amino acids and hydrogen potassium elements.

3. The tomato biogas liquid manure application device as defined in claim 2, wherein: the drip irrigation device comprises opposite drip irrigation components, wherein each drip irrigation component comprises a bracket, a driving piece, a spray head and a screw rod linear guide rail mechanism;

4. The device for applying biogas manure to tomatoes as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the outside parcel of lead screw linear guide mechanism has the irrigation board, and the irrigation board encloses with lead screw linear guide mechanism and has the infusion passageway, and the irrigation board that is located the below is opened has spaced liquid outlet hole, forms airtight cavity between adjacent baffle and the infusion passageway.

5. The device for applying biogas manure to tomatoes as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the water inlet surface has helical flutes.

6. The device for applying biogas manure to tomatoes as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the cross bar is submerged into the ejection part when the tension spring is in a natural state.