CN113737525B - 一种新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113737525B
CN113737525B CN202111118404.7A CN202111118404A CN113737525B CN 113737525 B CN113737525 B CN 113737525B CN 202111118404 A CN202111118404 A CN 202111118404A CN 113737525 B CN113737525 B CN 113737525B
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CN113737525A (zh
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张银宁
王进卿
刘沈捷
汪洁
赵玄昊
钱一航
俞天阳
池作和
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China Jiliang University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布的制备方法，属于复合材料领域。该方法以水刺无纺布为基底，通过聚多巴胺粒子和纳米SiO2在无纺布的多孔结构上形成微纳米层次结构，再通过十二硫醇降低无纺布的表面能，利用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵‑全氟辛酸钠复合物提供的亲水和疏油基团，分别得到超疏水超亲油无纺布和超亲水超疏油无纺布，再与亲水亲油无纺布组合，得到一种新型组合式油水分离无纺布，仅依靠毛细力实现油水分离。该方法制作过程简单，原料价格低廉且容易获得，所得组合式无纺布有较好的油水分离性能。

Description

一种新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料领域，具体涉及一种新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布的制备方法。
技术背景
随着经济的发展及生活水平的提高，工业生产及人类活动每天产生大量含油废水，加上海上原油泄漏，如不加以处理，将对环境和人类造成不可估量的危害。在日常生活中，许多东西如衣服、桌布等也不可避免地会被油水混合物污染。目前油水分离的主要方法有吸附法、离心法、浮选法、化学法和生物氧化法等，但是这些方法存在成本高、制作工艺复杂、分离效率低、能耗高等问题。
近年来新起的膜分离法膜具有能耗低、工艺简单等优点，越来越多的学者开始关注膜分离法来对油水混合物进行分离。根据膜的性质，主要可以分为亲水疏油型和疏水亲油型。目前对于亲水疏油型油水分离膜的研究主要集中在亲水-水下疏油方面，这种油水分离膜在使用前需要用水进行预润湿，相比于在空气中就能实现亲水疏油的油水分离膜，使用步骤较为繁琐。
目前对于油水分离材料基底的选择，主要有不锈钢网、铜网、泡沫镍网等金属网、三聚氰胺海绵、共聚物纤维膜等。受材料基底的限制，大部分研究致力于如何实现高效分离油水混合物，来达到保护环境的目的，忽略了油水分离材料在人类日常生活中衣食住行的应用，例如海绵本身的结构容易限制材料后期的设计。水刺无纺布具有制备工艺简单、强度高、低起毛性、高吸湿性、快速吸湿、透气性好、手感柔软和悬垂性好等优点，并且在生活中应用广泛，对其表面进行超亲水超疏油、超亲油超疏水功能改性，并将其组装，可以有效拓宽油水分离材料的应用范围。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布的制备方法，以解决上述现有技术中存在的问题。
聚多巴胺粒子与水刺无纺布的多孔结构构成了微纳米结构，十二硫醇使无纺布具有低表面能，实现了无纺布超疏水超亲油的功能。纳米SiO2构筑微纳米结构，孔状和凸起的表面形貌使得无纺布具有很高的粗糙度，聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-全氟辛酸钠复合物提供亲水和疏油基团，两者共同作用导致了无纺布具有超疏油和超亲水作用。组合后的无纺布依靠液体在无纺布多孔介质结构内的毛细力实现油水分离功能。这种新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布可以用于油水分离、日常清洁，具有成本低廉、制作工艺简单、抗污染性好等优势。
为实现上述目的，本发明技术方案如下：
1.一种组合式油水分离无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：将质量比为20:7的十二硫醇和多巴胺盐酸盐进行混合，随后加入质量比为1:3的Tris-Hcl缓冲液和无水乙醇的混合液中，十二硫醇和多巴胺盐酸盐混合物与Tris-Hcl缓冲液和无水乙醇混合液的质量比为1:50。将上述混合物超声溶解后加入水刺无纺布，在室温下搅拌7小时，然后用去离子水将无纺布进行冲洗，最后置于60℃干燥箱中干燥30分钟后得到超疏水超亲油无纺布；
步骤2：将质量比为1:200的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵和去离子水混合形成聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵水溶液待用；将质量比为1:24的全氟辛酸钠和去离子水混合形成全氟辛酸钠水溶液待用；按质量比1:300将纳米超声溶解于制备好的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵水溶液中，在室温下用磁力搅拌器边搅拌边逐滴加入制备好全氟辛酸钠水溶液，产生悬浮液后静置分层，取下层浓度高的悬浮液置于60℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中至完全干燥，得到聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-全氟辛酸钠/二氧化硅复合物；然后按质量比1：64将聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-全氟辛酸钠/二氧化硅复合物超声溶解于乙醇中，形成悬浮液；最后将水刺无纺布在悬浮液中浸泡30min后，在室温下完全干燥，即得到超亲水超疏油无纺布；
步骤3：将步骤1得到的超疏水超亲油无纺布、未经处理的亲水亲油无纺布和步骤二中得到的超亲水超疏油无纺布按照从上到下的顺序组合在一起，即得到一种组合式油水分离无纺布。
进一步的，步骤1中，所述Tris-Hcl缓冲液的PH＝8.5。
进一步的，步骤3中的组合顺序为超疏水超亲油无纺布—亲水亲油无纺布—超亲水超疏油无纺布。
进一步的，新型组合式油水分离无纺布仅通过毛细力作用实现油水分离。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有效效益：
(1)将多巴胺引入基体表面改性，利用其超强粘结性作用增强了表面改性材料的附着能力，不易脱落。多巴胺在聚合过程能形成的聚多巴胺纳米层结构增强了基体的表面粗糙度，使材料的超疏水性和耐久性更高。
(2)纳米SiO2构筑微纳米层次结构，孔状和凸起的表面形貌使得基体具有很高的粗糙度，聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-全氟辛酸钠复合物提供亲水和疏油基团，两者共同作用导致了基体具有超疏油和超亲水作用。
(3)仅通过毛细力实现油水混合物在无纺布多孔介质中的分离和渗流，操作简单且无需外部动力。
(4)制作过程操作简单，原料获取容易，对设备要求不高，成本较低，油水分离效果好，抗污染性好，适用场合较多。
附图说明
图1为水(亚甲基蓝染色)和芝麻油(苏丹红Ⅲ号染色)滴在超疏水超亲油无纺布的主视图和俯视图。
图2为水(亚甲基蓝染色)和芝麻油(苏丹红Ⅲ号染色)滴在超亲水超疏油无纺布的主视图和俯视图。
图3为水(亚甲基蓝染色)和芝麻油(苏丹红Ⅲ号染色)滴在亲水亲油无纺布的主视图和俯视图。
图4为组合式油水分离无纺布实际工作效果图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
将40g十二硫醇和14g多巴胺盐酸盐加入2.7kg的Tris-HCl缓冲液(PH8.5)和无水乙醇的混合液(质量比1:3)中，超声溶解后加入水刺无纺布，在室温下搅拌7小时，然后用去离子水将无纺布进行冲洗，置于60℃干燥箱中30分钟后得到超疏水超亲油的无纺布。将1.6g的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵放在盛有320mL去离子水的烧杯中制成聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵水溶液待用。然后将2g的全氟辛酸钠放在48mL的去离子水中得到全氟辛酸钠水溶液。称取1g纳米SiO2，超声分散在300mL制备好的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵水溶液中，在室温下用磁力搅拌器边搅拌边用胶头滴管逐滴加入制备好的全氟辛酸钠水溶液，产生悬浮液后静置分层，取下层浓度高的悬浮液置于60℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中至完全干燥，得到聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-全氟辛酸钠/二氧化硅复合物。然后称取1.5g的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-全氟辛酸钠/二氧化硅复合物，超声分散于120mL的无水乙醇溶液中使其溶解，产生悬浮液。最后将水刺无纺布在悬浮液中浸泡30min后，在室温下完全干燥，即得到超亲水超疏油无纺布。将得到的超疏水超亲油无纺布、未经处理的亲水亲油无纺布和超亲水超疏油无纺布按照从上到下的顺序组合在一起，即得到新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布。
将实施例1中制备的超疏水超亲油无纺布、超亲水超疏油无纺布和亲水亲油无纺布进行润湿性测试，对其接触角进行测量。
水(亚甲基蓝染色)和芝麻油(苏丹红Ⅲ号染色)在上述两种无纺布的润湿性能如图1、2所示。从图1可见，水在超疏水超亲油无纺布上没有润湿，经测量接触角为140°，油则完全润湿，接触角为0°，可见超疏水超亲油无纺布具有极强的疏水亲油性能。从图2可见，水在超亲水超疏油无纺布上完全润湿，接触角为0°，芝麻油则没有润湿，接触角为150°，无纺布表现为超亲水超疏油特性。从图3可见，水和油在亲水亲油无纺布上均完全润湿，接触角为0°，说明其具有亲水亲油特性。
将实施例1中得到的新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布进行油水分离测试。
从图4可见，将油水混合物滴在亲水亲油无纺布上，将其润湿。在毛细力和润湿性的作用下，上层超疏水超亲油无纺布选择吸收油，下层超亲水超疏油无纺布选择吸收水，从而实现油水分离。
以上借助优化实施例对本发明的技术方案进行的详细说明是示意性的而非限制性的，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：将质量比为20:7的十二硫醇、多巴胺盐酸盐进行混合，随后加入质量比为1:3的Tris-Hcl缓冲液和无水乙醇的混合液中，十二硫醇和多巴胺盐酸盐、混合物与Tris-Hcl缓冲液和无水乙醇混合液的质量比为1:50，将上述混合物超声溶解后加入水刺无纺布，在室温下搅拌7小时，然后用去离子水将无纺布进行冲洗，最后置于60℃干燥箱中干燥30分钟后得到超疏水超亲油无纺布；
步骤2：将质量比为1:200的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵和去离子水混合形成聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵水溶液待用；将质量比为1:24的全氟辛酸钠和去离子水混合形成全氟辛酸钠水溶液待用；按质量比1:300将纳米SiO2超声溶解于制备好的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵水溶液中，在室温下用磁力搅拌器边搅拌边逐滴加入制备好全氟辛酸钠水溶液，产生悬浮液后静置分层，取下层浓度高的悬浮液置于60℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中至完全干燥，得到聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-全氟辛酸钠/二氧化硅复合物；然后按质量比1：64将聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-全氟辛酸钠/二氧化硅复合物超声溶解于乙醇中，形成悬浮液；最后将水刺无纺布在悬浮液中浸泡30min后，在室温下完全干燥，即得到超亲水超疏油无纺布；
步骤3：将步骤1得到的超疏水超亲油无纺布、未经处理的亲水亲油无纺布和步骤2中得到的超亲水超疏油无纺布按照从上到下的顺序组合在一起，即得到一种组合式油水分离无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1中，所述Tris-Hcl缓冲液的PH＝8.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3中的组合顺序为超疏水超亲油无纺布—亲水亲油无纺布—超亲水超疏油无纺布。
4.据权利要求1所述的一种新型组合式毛细力油水分离无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，新型组合式油水分离无纺布仅通过毛细力作用实现油水分离。
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