CN113732507B - Laser-arc composite welding protective gas blowing device for expelling laser plasma - Google Patents
Laser-arc composite welding protective gas blowing device for expelling laser plasma Download PDFInfo
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- CN113732507B CN113732507B CN202111073768.8A CN202111073768A CN113732507B CN 113732507 B CN113732507 B CN 113732507B CN 202111073768 A CN202111073768 A CN 202111073768A CN 113732507 B CN113732507 B CN 113732507B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of laser welding equipment, and discloses a laser-arc composite welding protective gas blowing device for removing laser plasmas, which comprises a gas rail and a gas hood; the gas rail is externally connected with a gas source, a round hole and an arc welding gun penetrating hole are formed above the gas cover, and a through hole matched with the round hole is formed in the front of the gas rail; the laser sequentially passes through the round holes and the through holes and then penetrates to the bottom of the gas hood; the arc welding gun penetrates through the arc welding gun penetrating hole and then is converged with laser to finish welding; the front end of the air rail is provided with a guide pipe, and residual air in the air rail is discharged along the guide pipe. The invention solves the problem that the side blowing mode of the shielding gas in the prior art can influence the stability of the arc plasma, and is convenient to operate and low in cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding equipment, in particular to a laser-arc composite welding shielding gas blowing device for expelling laser plasma.
Background
The laser is used as a welding heat source with extremely high energy density, so that the welding material is evaporated severely, and a large amount of metal vapor is ionized at high temperature to form laser plasma which is distributed above laser spots and small holes. The laser plasma is blocked on the path of light beam propagation, and generates reverse bremsstrahlung radiation absorption, so that the laser energy reaching the base material is reduced, the welding penetration is reduced, and the stability of the welding process is reduced. When the laser arc thick plate is welded, the laser beam energy is larger, so that extremely strong photoinduced plasma erupts are often caused, the stability of the welding process is more influenced, and the energy utilization rate is greatly reduced. In practical studies, it was found that when the laser energy exceeds a certain value, the laser penetration no longer increases with the power rise due to the intense plasma jet.
In the existing laser welding process, a mode of side blowing protective gas is generally adopted to inhibit laser plasmas, namely a laser spot blowing device, and the plasmas above the laser spot are taken away by protective gas flow, so that the height of the plasmas is reduced. The reverse bremsstrahlung absorption of the plasma is weakened, the laser energy reaching the base material is increased, and the welding stability is improved.
Laser-arc hybrid welding is a multi-heat source hybrid technology developed on the basis of laser welding, and combines the advantages of laser and electric arc: the high-energy-density high-energy-utilization-rate high-arc-stability low-tooling preparation precision and the like have great application prospects in the directions of ships, automobiles, aerospace and the like. During welding, the composite welding laser can generate plasmas with a certain height, wherein the plasmas at the bottom can interact with arc plasmas, so that the welding stability is improved; while the top photo-plasma affects the transmission of laser energy. In particular, for the process of welding thick plates in a composite way, the excitation of photoinduced plasmas is stronger, and the welding process is more influenced. However, the existing shielding gas side-blowing method affects the stability of the arc plasma, and is not suitable for the laser-arc hybrid welding process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the stability of arc plasma is affected by a shielding gas side blowing mode in the prior art, the invention provides a laser-arc composite welding shielding gas blowing device for removing laser plasma.
The invention adopts the following specific scheme: a laser-arc hybrid welding protective gas blowing device for expelling laser plasma, which comprises a gas rail and a gas cover; the gas rail is externally connected with a gas source, a round hole and an arc welding gun penetrating hole are formed above the gas cover, and a through hole matched with the round hole is formed in the front of the gas rail; the laser sequentially passes through the round holes and the through holes and then penetrates to the bottom of the gas hood; the arc welding gun passes through the arc welding gun passing hole and then is composited with laser to finish welding; the front end of the air rail is provided with a guide pipe, and residual air in the air rail is discharged along the guide pipe.
The number of the guide pipes is 2, and the 2 guide pipes encircle the arc welding gun to drain the gas to the outer side of the arc welding gun.
And a lens is arranged on the round hole.
The side wall of the gas hood is provided with a gas rail penetrating hole, and the gas rail penetrates through the gas rail penetrating hole and stretches into the gas hood.
The arc welding gun is obliquely arranged through the hole.
The gas blowing device also comprises a gas guide pipe extending into the gas hood, and the gas guide pipe is externally connected with a gas source.
The air duct and the air rail are arranged on the same side and uniformly distributed on two sides of the air rail.
The air rail is an L-shaped air rail, and the horizontal part of the L-shaped air rail extends into the air cover.
The vertical part of the L-shaped air rail is fixed with the laser head.
The outer wall of the gas hood is provided with a bolt hole, and the bolt hole corresponds to the position of the arc welding gun extending into the gas hood; and the bolt hole is tightly screwed with a bolt to fasten the arc welding gun.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the gas cover provided for laser-arc welding is matched with the gas rail, the through hole matched with the round hole on the gas cover is arranged at the front end of the gas rail, when laser passes through the round hole, gas in the gas rail blows laser-induced strong eruption photoinduced plasma, metal vapor is strongly erupted from the small hole of the laser spot and then enters the round through hole, and is taken away by high-speed air flow in the gas rail through the gas rail, so that the laser plasma is restrained, the problem that the stability of arc plasma is influenced by a protective gas side-blowing mode is solved, the removing effect of the plasma is good, and the welding effect is better.
2. The guide pipe is arranged at the front end of the gas rail, plays a role in directional flow guiding of high-pressure gas in the gas rail, guides the gas to the outer side of the arc welding gun, and conveys protective gas for the gas hood.
3. The invention arranges a lens on the round hole. The lens can prevent reflected light from damaging the light source, and can prevent plasma blown away by high-pressure gas from escaping, so that the effect of removing the plasma of the gas track is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gas blowing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an air rail according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a gas mask of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention.
Wherein, the reference numerals are respectively:
1-an air rail; 2-a welding platform; 3-a laser head; 4-a lens; 5-laser beam; 6-arc welding gun; 7, an air cover; 8-a workpiece to be welded; 9-an airway; 10-round holes; 11-arc welding gun pass through hole; 12-through holes; 13-a catheter; 14-an airway tube penetrating the hole; 15-penetrating the air rail into the hole; 16-bolt holes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention provides a laser-arc composite welding protective gas blowing device for expelling laser plasma, which comprises a gas rail 1 and a gas hood 7; the gas rail 1 is externally connected with a gas source, a round hole 10 and an arc welding gun penetrating hole 11 are arranged above the gas cover 7, and a through hole 12 matched with the round hole 10 is arranged at the front part of the gas rail 1; the laser sequentially passes through the round hole 10 and the through hole 12 and then penetrates to the bottom of the gas hood 7; the arc welding gun 6 passes through the arc welding gun passing hole 11 and then is composited with laser to finish welding; the front end of the air rail 1 is provided with a guide pipe 13; and the residual gas in the gas rail and the carried-away photoinduced plasma are discharged along the guide pipe.
The air rail is a hollow channel and is a high-pressure gas passing channel.
The number of the guide pipes 13 is 2, and the 2 guide pipes 13 encircle the arc welding gun 6 to drain gas to the outer side of the arc welding gun 6.
The round hole 10 is provided with a lens 4. The lens plays a role in isolating air from high-pressure protective gas and preventing the air from being involved in reducing the protection effect.
The side wall of the gas hood 7 is provided with a gas rail penetrating hole 15, and the gas rail 1 penetrates through the gas rail penetrating hole 15 and stretches into the gas hood 7.
The arc welding gun is disposed obliquely through the hole 11. The inclination angle of the arc welding gun penetrating hole is the same as the angle of the arc welding gun extending into the gas hood; the convenient and gas hood is fixed at the front section of the arc welding gun, and the inclination angle of the through hole is the same as that of the arc welding gun.
The gas blowing device also comprises a gas guide pipe 9 extending into the gas hood 7; the air duct is externally connected with an air source. The air duct 9 is arranged on the same side with the air rail 1. The left side surface and the right side surface of the gas hood 7 are respectively provided with a threaded hole, the axes of the threaded holes are intersected with the axes of the arc welding gun, after the gas hood is sleeved on the arc welding gun, bolts penetrate through the end parts of the threaded hole top column arc welding gun, and the gas hood and the arc welding gun are fixed.
The air rail 1 is an L-shaped air rail, and the horizontal part of the L-shaped air rail extends into the air hood 7.
The vertical part of the L-shaped air rail is fixed with the laser head 3.
The air source is a high-pressure air source.
The front end of the gas rail is provided with the guide pipe which is communicated, other parts are closed, and the influence of high-pressure gas directly blown onto the arc welding gun on the arc welding gun can be avoided. For example, an instability of the arc welding gun, which in turn causes a direct adverse effect on the welding effect.
The outer wall of the gas hood 7 is provided with a bolt hole 16, and the bolt hole 16 corresponds to the position of the arc welding gun extending into the gas hood 7; and the bolt hole 16 is screwed with a bolt to fasten the arc welding gun 6. The left side surface and the right side surface of the gas hood 7 are respectively provided with a threaded hole, the axes of the threaded holes are intersected with the axes of the arc welding guns, and after the gas hood is sleeved on the arc welding guns, bolts penetrate through the end parts of the threaded hole top column arc welding guns to fix the gas hood and the arc welding guns.
Example 1
The invention provides a laser-arc composite welding protective gas blowing device for expelling laser plasmas, which comprises a gas rail and a gas hood; the air rail is L-shaped; the horizontal part and the vertical part of the gas rail are 90 degrees, the horizontal part horizontally extends into the gas hood, the vertical part is connected with the laser head to play a role in fixing the gas rail, the gas rail is externally connected with a high-pressure gas source, a round hole and an arc welding gun penetrating hole are formed above the gas hood 7, and a through hole matched with the round hole is formed in the front part of the gas rail; the laser sequentially passes through the round holes and the through holes and then penetrates to the bottom of the gas hood; the arc welding gun penetrates through the arc welding gun penetrating hole and then is converged with laser to finish welding; the front end of the air rail is provided with a guide pipe, and residual air in the air rail is discharged along the guide pipe. The number of the guide pipes is 2, and the 2 guide pipes encircle the arc welding gun to drain the gas to the outer side of the arc welding gun. And a lens is arranged on the round hole. The arc welding gun is obliquely arranged through the hole, and the inclination angle is 45 degrees and is the same as the angle of the arc welding gun extending into the gas hood. The gas blowing device further comprises a gas guide pipe extending into the gas hood. The air duct and the air rail are arranged on the same side, and the air duct and the two sides of the air rail are uniformly distributed so that air can uniformly enter the air hood.
The outer wall of the gas hood is provided with a bolt hole, and the bolt hole corresponds to the position of the arc welding gun extending into the gas hood; and the bolt hole is tightly screwed with a bolt to fasten the arc welding gun.
The device is integrally sleeved on an arc welding gun through a top round hole and is fixed through bolts through threaded holes on the side face of the gas hood.
The invention comprises three paths of protective gases for welding parts, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the first path of protection gas is connected with an arc welding gun, is reserved by an arc welding gun head in the welding process, and directly protects an electric arc and a laser action area; the second path of protective gas is high-pressure protective gas, and a high-speed air flow is formed above the plasma through the rectangular hollow track of the air track passing above the laser light spots. The high-speed air flow passes through the air rail and then reaches the rear part of the air cover through two guide pipes in front of the air rail, and enters the rear part of the air cover to protect a welding area; the third path of protection gas is transmitted through the gas guide pipe, the gas guide pipe is inserted into the two symmetrical small holes on the front side surface of the gas hood, the protection gas is conveyed to the front part of the gas hood, and the welding area is protected.
According to the invention, the gas shield provided for laser-arc welding is matched with the gas rail, the through hole matched with the round hole on the gas shield is arranged at the front end of the gas rail, when laser passes through the round hole, gas in the gas rail blows laser-induced photoinduced plasma, metal vapor is sprayed from the small hole of a laser spot and enters the round through hole, and high-speed air flow in the gas rail is taken away by the gas rail, so that the laser plasma is restrained, the problem that the stability of arc plasma is influenced by a protective gas side blowing mode is solved, and the plasma removing effect is good.
Compared with the existing method for realizing the protection of the welding process by adopting the side-blowing protective gas in the laser-arc composite welding, the original method can remove the laser plasma to a certain extent and reduce the laser energy loss caused by the plasma, but has great influence on the arc plasma, and the stability of the arc plasma is interfered, so that the arc in the welding process is greatly fluctuated, and the welding quality is influenced. Especially for thick plate welding, laser beam energy is great, produces strong photoinduced plasma, and serious loss laser energy, shielding effect is strong, if adopt conventional side blow protection mode can lead to more serious electric arc unstable fluctuation. The device provided by the invention has more outstanding effect of removing laser plasma under the condition of high laser energy of the thick plate, and overcomes the technical resistance of conventional side-blowing protection on thick plate welding in the prior art. The invention realizes the removal of the photoinduced plasmas and the protection of the welding area by adopting the multipath protective gas, and effectively avoids the interference to the electric arc while realizing the removal of the photoinduced plasmas, thereby effectively overcoming the problem of unstable electric arc caused by the traditional device. Under the application condition of the invention, especially for thick plate welding, the laser excited photoinduced plasma is sprayed strongly at the moment and enters the high-speed airflow channel to be taken away, and meanwhile, the plasma in an arc area can be effectively protected, and the interference on the stability of the welding process is avoided.
Claims (6)
1. A laser-arc hybrid welding shielding gas blowing device for expelling laser plasma, which is characterized by comprising a gas rail (1) and a gas hood (7); a round hole (10) and an arc welding gun penetrating hole (11) are formed above the gas hood (7), the gas rail (1) is externally connected with a gas source, and a through hole (12) matched with the round hole (10) is formed in the front part of the gas rail (1); the laser sequentially passes through the round hole (10) and the through hole (12) and then is penetrated to the bottom of the gas hood (7); an arc welding gun (6) passes through the arc welding gun passing hole (11) and then is composited with laser to finish welding; the front end of the air rail (1) is provided with a guide pipe (13), and residual air in the air rail (1) is discharged along the guide pipe (13); the gas blowing device further comprises a gas guide pipe (9) extending into the gas hood (7), and the gas guide pipe (9) is externally connected with a gas source; the air guide pipes (9) are arranged on the same side as the air rail (1) and are uniformly distributed on two sides of the air rail (1); the air rail (1) is an L-shaped air rail, and the horizontal part of the L-shaped air rail extends into the air hood (7); the vertical part of the L-shaped air rail is fixed with the laser head (3).
2. The laser-arc hybrid welding shielding gas blowing apparatus for removing laser plasma according to claim 1, wherein the number of the guide pipes (13) is 2, and the 2 guide pipes (13) encircle the arc welding gun to guide the gas to the outside of the arc welding gun (6).
3. The laser-arc hybrid welding shielding gas blowing apparatus for removing laser plasma according to claim 1, wherein a lens (4) is provided on the circular hole (10).
4. The laser-arc hybrid welding shielding gas blowing apparatus for removing laser plasma according to claim 1, wherein a gas rail penetration hole (15) is provided in a side wall of the gas hood (7), and the gas rail (1) is extended into the gas hood (7) through the gas rail penetration hole (15).
5. The laser-arc hybrid welding shielding gas blowing apparatus that drives out laser plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that the arc welding gun is disposed obliquely through the hole (11).
6. The laser-arc hybrid welding shielding gas blowing apparatus for removing laser plasma according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a bolt hole (16) is provided on an outer wall of the gas hood (7), the bolt hole (16) corresponding to a position where the arc welding gun (6) extends into the gas hood (7); and the bolt hole (16) is internally screwed with a bolt to fasten the arc welding gun (6).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111073768.8A CN113732507B (en) | 2021-09-14 | 2021-09-14 | Laser-arc composite welding protective gas blowing device for expelling laser plasma |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111073768.8A CN113732507B (en) | 2021-09-14 | 2021-09-14 | Laser-arc composite welding protective gas blowing device for expelling laser plasma |
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| CN113732507A CN113732507A (en) | 2021-12-03 |
| CN113732507B true CN113732507B (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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| CN114571104A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-06-03 | 山东理工大学 | Device and method for assisting laser drilling by cooperation of external axial electric field and lateral airflow |
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| JP3768394B2 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2006-04-19 | 日鐵溶接工業株式会社 | Laser / plasma composite processing equipment |
| CN107790886B (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2019-09-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Pulsed negative pressure formula laser enhancing KTIG and MIG composite welding apparatus and method |
| CN210306247U (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-04-14 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Laser-arc hybrid welding protective gas hood |
| CN210633115U (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-05-29 | 西南交通大学 | Welding gun head and laser-arc hybrid welding device |
| CN111266756A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-12 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | High-power vacuum laser welding transmission lens protection mechanism and welding system |
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