CN1137249A - 木结构件用的表面处理过的合成增强板 - Google Patents

木结构件用的表面处理过的合成增强板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1137249A
CN1137249A CN95191059A CN95191059A CN1137249A CN 1137249 A CN1137249 A CN 1137249A CN 95191059 A CN95191059 A CN 95191059A CN 95191059 A CN95191059 A CN 95191059A CN 1137249 A CN1137249 A CN 1137249A
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Prior art keywords
resin
reinforced plate
structural system
synthetic reinforced
inclusion enclave
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Granted
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CN95191059A
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CN1077024C (zh
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丹尼尔·A·廷格利
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Individual
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    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/06—Making particle boards or fibreboards, with preformed covering layers, the particles or fibres being compressed with the layers to a board in one single pressing operation
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C37/0078—Measures or configurations for obtaining anchoring effects in the contact areas between layers
    • B29C37/0082—Mechanical anchoring
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Abstract

公开了合成增强板(22)和制造它的方法，增强板(22)在其至少一个表面(54)上有许多微小凹口(58)，有利于粘结于至少一个木结构件(10)。合成增强板(22)包括由树脂包裹体(50)固定位置的无数连续纤维(46)。合成增强板(22)的表面(54)的特征在于一般性无规分布的微小凹口(58)，它增加树脂包裹体的表面积。通过将试剂如固体颗粒、液体或大量充气球状体加入到原始树脂中，然后在固化树脂的表面磨掉试剂，得以形成微小凹口。用商品级粘合剂如适合于将木层粘结在一起的间苯二酚树脂，将合成增强板(22)粘结于木层(10)或另一合成增强板。

Description

木结构件用的表面处理过的合成增强板
本申请是1994年9月16日递交的申请No.08/307,315的部分继续申请，而它又是申请08/037,315、现为专利No.5,362,545的部分继续申请。
本发明涉及木结构件的增强板，包括横梁、柱、板和桁架。更具体地说，本发明涉及合成增强板，每一个具有改进了对木结构件的粘合作用的表面。增强板的目的是支撑构件抵抗拉伸应力或压缩应力或者抵抗由构件的重负荷引起的这两种力。制造这一合成增强板的方法也是本发明的一部分。
横梁、桁架、搁栅和柱是典型的支持结构体(包括建筑物和桥梁)重量或负荷的结构件。结构件可以根据结构设计、环境和成本，从包括钢材、水泥和木材的各种材料中选择。
木结构件目前是典型地从相互粘结在一起的多重木片制造的，比如在胶合层积构件、层积单板材、平行条材和工字梁中。这些制造的木结构件已替代锯成的木材或木料，因为前者较高的设计极限，归因于更好的检查和制造控制。木材是高度需要的用于结构件的材料，这是因为木材的理想特性，包括强度/重量比，外观，周期载荷响应，和耐火性。
层压横梁在结构上用于翼展区域支持许多吨的载荷。一般来说，当在两支撑点之间让层压横梁或横梁承载均匀的载荷，底木层主要承受拉伸应力，而顶木层主要承受压缩应力。
木横梁的合成增强板能够经特定设计后耐高拉伸应力或耐高压缩应力。通过在最大应力区域(即靠近底木层和靠近顶木层)使用合成增强板而显著提高层压横梁的负荷承受能力。在高拉伸应力和压缩应力的区域所使用的合成增强板一般不同，以获得优异的增强效果。
现在需要一种能够有效和经济地粘合于木层的合成增强板。一直到本发明为止，只有用昂贵的环氧粘合剂才能将塑料板粘合到木横梁和相互粘合和粘合到其它木结构件。相反，木结构件的木层一般用低成本的粘合剂如间苯二酚，苯酚-间苯二酚，交联蜜胺和聚乙酸乙烯(PVA)粘结在一起。因此，为了将合成增强板胶合到木层上制造增强的胶合木横梁，一般需要单独的胶合步骤和单独的实施胶合的装置。
              本发明的概要
所以，本发明的目的是提供改进的合成增强板的相互粘合作用，和改进的合成增强板对木结构件(包括层压木构件)的粘合作用。
本发明的另一目的是提供表面处理过的合成增强板，有利于使用商品级的粘合剂如间苯二酚将改进的合成增强板粘合于木构件。
本发明的又一目的是提供包括树脂包裹体的一种改进的合成增强板，包裹体的主表面有一些微小的凹口，它们增加树脂包裹体的表面积和提高对基体的粘合性，从而提高粘合剂的剪切性能。
用已知的增强板所遇到的问题在本发明中得到克服，方式是提供一种增强板，它们的表面对木层有改进的粘合作用和它们有改进的相互粘合作用。本发明提供一种在树脂包裹体中包括无数连续纤维的合成增强板。树脂包裹体的表面包括许多微小的凹口，一般无规则分布，凹口增加了树脂包裹体的表面积。这些微小的凹口所具有的深度和宽度小至1或2微米。最大时，它们是1或2毫米宽和深。
微小凹口还提供极小的空间，胶水聚集在其中并聚合，提高胶层的耐剪切性能。本发明合成增强板的增大的表面积可以用不昂贵的商品级粘合剂(包括如通常用来将木层相互粘合的间苯二酚树脂)粘结于木层或本身相互粘结。
本发明还包括一种用来制造具有提高的载荷承受能力的增强木结构件的制造方法。首先，制备了表面遍布微小凹口的合成增强板。为做到这一点，将非反应活性试剂如挥发性液体或固体颗粒分散到可固化的树脂中。此外，将大量的充气球状体(每一个具有至多2毫米的直径)分散到树脂中。这些球状体可以由塑料、玻璃和可以令人满意地制成所需形状的任何其它材料组成。
其次，无数连续纤维用这一混合物润湿，并将树脂固化。如果该试剂是液体，它应该在固化过程中变成气体，在板的表面留下一串气泡。增强构件的表面(将被粘合于木层)然后被打磨，或者除去气泡的上表面(如果所用试剂是液体或大量的充气球状体的话)或者除去表面嵌入的颗粒(如果使用固体颗粒的话)。从这一最后步骤得到无规分布的微小凹口。
表面处理过的增强板可以粘结于一种或多种木结构件或其它增强极或薄木层，以使粘合剂接触无数微小凹口中的至少一部分。
另外，本发明包括优化在将粘合剂层涂在第一表面和将第二表面与这一粘合剂层接触之间的时间长度。这一时间长度称作“间隔时间”(open time)。根据本发明的间隔时间的优化提高了木材/增强板粘合的强度和完整性。
通过了解下面的详细叙述，结合附图，将会更容易地理解本发明的前面叙述的和其它的目的、特征和优点。
          附图的简要说明
图1是木材层压横梁的侧视图，示出了位于木层之间的本发明的改进合成增强板；
图2是木材层压横梁的侧视图，示出了位于外表面的本发明的改进合成增强板；
图3是体现本发明的改进的增强板的透视图；
图4A和4B是本发明的改进了的增强板的放大片段截面图，在图4A中示出了树脂包裹体上的固体颗粒和在图4B中示出了在除去固体颗粒后所得到的微小凹口。
图5A-5C是本发明的又一改进了的增强板的放大片段截视图，在图5A中示出了在增强纤维上的固体颗粒或液滴，在图5B中示出了覆盖式树脂包裹体，和在图5C中示出了在除去液滴或颗粒之后形成的微小凹口；和
图6A-6B是本发明的另一改进了的增强板的放大片段截视图，在图6A中示出了部分完成的增强板中的大量充气球状体。在图6B中示出了树脂已固化的增强板和被砂磨过的留下微小凹口的表面。
          优选实施方案的详细叙述
图1和2示出了具有多个相互粘结在一起的且优选是细长板的木层18的一种胶合木结构件10和14。在这一构型中，根据美国木结构学会(American Institute of Timber Structure，AITC  )的制造标准117-93(Englewood，Colorado.)，木横梁10和14被构造成胶合木材。尽管这是木横梁10和14的优选构型，下面的叙述类似地适用于其它木结构件，包括层积单板材、平行条材，工字木横梁和增强的复合木材。
参考图1，第一件合成增强板22a位于底木层26和邻近木层30之间。第二件合成增强板22b位于顶木层34和其邻近木层38之间。增强件22a和22b(合起来称作增强板22)中的每一件延伸约横梁10的长度的五分之三。增强板能够延伸(相当于)横梁10的更大比例或延伸(相当于)横梁10的全部长度。
作为举例性质的简单横梁，木结构件10和14能够由一对支撑点支持并承受载荷40。在这一构型中，合成增强件22a和22b分别位于高拉伸应力和高压缩应力的区域中。然而，将会认识到，增强件22a和22b另外还可以分别位于高拉伸应力和高压缩应力的区域中，如果结构件10和14伸出悬臂。
间隔片42从增强件22a和22b中的每一件的每一端延伸至木横梁10的端部，且优选由木材制成。覆盖横梁中心部分的五分之二至五分之三的增强件基本上提供了全长增强件(所具有的)的所有好处，但却在低的成本/每根横梁的情况下达到了。图2说明了本发明的又一实施方案，其中增强件22a和22b处在木横梁14的外表面上，没有提供间隔片。
图3是单个增强板22的放大示意图，图上显示了增强板包括许多相互平行排列的和一般与增强板22的纵向保持一致的合成纤维46，这将在下面详细叙述。合成纤维46由包围纤维和填充纤维间空隙的树脂包裹体保持它们的排列方式和一致性。在一个优选的实施方案中，树脂是可固化的、便宜的、商品级的粘合剂，例如包括间苯二酚树脂，苯酚-间苯二酚，交联蜜胺，和聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVA)，它们适合于将木层18(和增强复合木材)相互粘合在一起。
增强纤维46优选是聚芳酰胺纤维，玻璃纤维或碳纤维。聚芳酰胺纤维可从E.I.dupont de Nemours & Co.，Delaware以商标KevlarTM获得和从Akzo N.V.的纤维分公司，Enka BV(Arnhem，荷兰)以商标TwaronTM获得。较好品质的聚芳酰胺纤维是Kevlar 49TM。纤维46还包括或包含高模量的聚乙烯纤维，如由Allied Fibers of Allied Signal，Petersburg，Va.销售的高分子量SpectraTM。另一种可能的纤维是购自Owens-CorningFiberglass，Corning，New York的S-2玻璃。聚芳酰胺纤维和碳纤维分别是高拉伸应力和高压缩应力的区域中的优选材料。玻璃纤维是它们两者的低成本替代物。
用非环氧树脂包裹体进行的实验在增强板22中导致层间剪切破坏。优选地，用来制造增强板22的可固化树脂是环氧树脂。然而，其它实施方案能够使用其它树脂，如聚酯，乙烯基酯和酚醛树脂。本发明的其它的实施方案能够使用包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)，PSP，或尼龙66的热塑性树脂。
尽管当单个增强板22提供足够的强度和弹性模量以使层压制件满足预定的需要时似乎有许多情况，将一件合成增强件22a或22b粘合到层压制件也是可能的，这已在图1和2已清楚地示出。无需使用环氧树脂，就能将这里叙述的合成增强板22相互粘合。
根据本发明，树脂包裹体50中众多的微小凹口58分布在增强板22的相对的两主表面54和56上。微小凹口58增加了增强板22的表面积，有利于增强板22粘结于邻近的木层18和以多层的方式本身相互粘结，和提高粘合剂粘结强度。
在现有技术中，曾经通过将纤维润湿在树脂浴中和随后固化树脂包裹体50而制得增强板22。在制备表面上有微小凹口58的增强构件的优选方法中，非反应活性的试剂随树脂浴混入，纤维然后用试剂和可固化树脂的混合物润湿，形成包裹体50。
参考图4A和4B，试剂可以是固体颗粒60，如石灰粉或粘土。在树脂包裹体50固化后通过轻微地打磨主表面54和56，除去试剂，形成微小凹口58。典型地，微小凹口大约具有几微米的深度和宽度。最大时，它们大约具有1或2毫米的深度和宽度。
这一方法的缺点是一些颗料60仍随树脂50混在其中，损害固化树脂50的机械性能。然而，一般来说，增强板22的改进的粘合质量远远地足够补偿机械性能的损失。
在参考附图5A-5C描述的另一方法中，试剂可以是或可以包括溅珠泡水的液体物质62，该物质在润温增强纤维46之前被加入到树脂浴(未画出)中。例如，可以选择沸点低于为固化树脂包裹体50所选择的温度的液体试剂62。在纤维46被润湿在浴中之后，在固化树脂的步骤中，这一物质产生、形成或变成非反应活性气体的气泡。这些气泡趋向于迁移到合成增强板的最近的表面，在这里它们在固化过程中或者爆裂，形成微小凹口58，或者作为气泡保留。在树脂固化后，施加一些轻微的打磨作用，除去剩下气泡的暴露表面，留下额外的微小凹口58。
在一个实施方案中，液体试剂62可以是丁酮或甲苯，且优选以2-15wt％试剂/树脂(wt％)的量添加到可固化树脂中。在一个特殊的实施方案中，试剂是甲苯，以大约5wt％的浓度加入到可固化树脂中。
另外产生微小凹口58(图6中所示)的方法是将大量的直径大约10-2,000微米的充气球状体64加入到树脂浴(未画出)中。充气球状体64是可以通过各种途径获得的且有时用于包覆。它们可以由不同的材料制成，据信包括热固性树脂和热塑性树脂。在纤维46浸入树脂浴和树脂50固化后，有限量的磨蚀力足以除去气泡64的暴露部分，在固化树脂50中留下微小凹口58。充气球状体64具有以下优点：在固化过程中更易迁移到增强板22的表面，从而很少在增强板22内部留下气泡64。
由这一方法生产的合成增强板22可以具有2mm以下的厚度。正如别处已指出的那样，如果这些增强板中的一件没有足够的强度，可将多个增强板22胶合在一起形成增强件22a或22b，它们一起具有所需强度。
在树脂包裹体50的表面54上产生微小凹口58的另一优选方法是通过打磨表面54。这可以通过在与增强板22的纵向保持横向或纵向的方向用硬磨料磨擦来实现。打磨树脂包裹体50的表面54会磨掉小部分固化树脂。打磨树脂包裹体50的表面54会磨掉颗粒试剂60或暴露由液体或固体试剂62形成的空隙，空隙经暴露后形成微小凹口58。粘合剂66然后进入微小凹口58中，促进增强板22强有力地和弹性地粘结于横梁10，14的层18，或粘结于一些其它结构件。
本发明的增强板22可以由在Tingley的US专利申请No.08/037,580(1994年3月24日申请)中描述的pultrusion方法制造，该专利文献引入本文供参考。
实验得到一个重要发现：间隔时间可被优化。间隔时间是这样一段时间，在这段时间内让用于增强板/木层界面的粘合剂进行风干并在与其它的形成粘结的表面接触之前渗透该表面。在粘合剂施用在(用作增强板/木层界面的表面的)合成增强板的表面之后，有粘合剂的表面一般给了较短的间隔时间。在试验中一般是5-10分钟，而用于生产时，一般有更长的间隔时间。
在间隔时间之后，让有粘合剂的表面与木层的选定表面接触，后者也有粘合剂和也给了一间隔时间。根据本发明的优选实施方案，增强板的间隔时间优选是多于10分钟但少于80分钟，和最优选30分钟。多于80分钟的间隔时间对于一些应用(如制造较大的横梁)来说是优选的。在间隔时间之后，和在有粘合剂的表面与选定的表面接触之后，增强板和木层一般被夹紧在一起以确保在125磅/英寸2以上的压力下最佳粘结，形成低于0.004英寸的胶层厚度。
如果在对增强的结构件施加应力之前不允许有后夹紧时间的话，典型的夹紧时间是8-10小时。曾经发现，后夹紧固化时间提高了粘结强度和得以更完全地固化。
在前面的说明中使用的术语和表达短语在这里与叙述的术语一样使用且没有限制，在使用此类术语和表达短语时不想排除已给出的和描述的特征的等同物或其一部分，应该认识到本发明的范围只由权利要求定义和限定。
按条的修改
18、制造用来与木层结合的合成增强板的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
将一种试剂完全分散在树脂浴中，该试剂对于树脂是非反应活性的和至少可部分地从树脂除去；
用树脂湿润无数连续纤维；
固化该可固化的树脂；和
打磨树脂表面的至少一部分，从而引起至少一部分试剂与可固化树脂分离，在合成增强板表面产生无规分布的微小凹口。
19、权利要求18的方法，其中固化步骤进一步包括一部分试剂的挥发。
20、权利要求18的方法，其中该纤维是聚芳酰胺纤维、玻璃纤维、聚乙烯纤维或碳纤维。
21、权利要求18的方法，其中该树脂是环氧树脂、聚酯、乙烯基酯或酚醛树脂。
22、权利要求18的方法，其中该树脂是聚酰亚胺、PSP、PET或尼龙66。
23、权利要求18的方法，进一步包括在固化步骤之后再打磨合成增强板的步骤，以引起该纤维的一部分从树脂包裹体伸出。
24、权利要求18的方法，进一步包括在树脂中产生空隙的步骤。
25、权利要求18的方法，其中所用试剂是非反应活性液体，它的沸点低于在固化过程达到的最高温度。
26、权利要求18的方法，其中所用试剂是固体颗粒。
27、权利要求18的方法，其中所用试剂包括大量充气球状体。

Claims (54)

1、粘结于木结构件提高木结构件的载荷能力的一种合成增强板，该增强板包括：
无数连续纤维；和
基本上将所有连续纤维包括在其中的树脂包裹体，该树脂包裹体的表面确定许多一般无规分布的微小凹口，为的是有利于合成增强板与另一表面的粘结。
2、权利要求1的合成增强板，其中该纤维是聚芳酰胺纤维，玻璃纤维，聚乙烯纤维，或碳纤维。
3、权利要求1的合成增强板，其中该树脂包裹体确定无数在其中无规分布的充气空隙。
4、权利要求1的合成增强板，进一步包括无数纤维，这些纤维的一端从树脂包裹体的该表面伸出，为的是促进该板与结构件的粘结。
5、权利要求1的增强板，其中该树脂包裹体是环氧树脂，聚酯，乙烯基酯，或酚醛树脂。
6、权利要求1的增强板，其中树脂包裹体是聚酰亚胺，PSP，PET，或尼龙66。
7、一种木结构体系，其中第一木结构件粘结于第二木结构件和第一合成增强板粘结于第一木结构件，合成增强板包括：
无数沿合成增强板的长度排列的基本上连续的纤维；和
用于包裹基本上所有的纤维的和具有一种表面的树脂包裹体，该表面的特征在于一般性无规分布了许多微小凹口，以利于合成增强板与第一木结构件的粘结。
8、权利要求7的木结构体系，其中该纤维是聚芳酰胺纤维，玻璃纤维，聚乙烯纤维或碳纤维。
9、权利要求7的木结构体系，其中树脂包裹体确定无数在其中无规分布的极小充气空隙。
10、权利要求7的木结构体系，进一步包括无数纤维，每一根纤维的一端从树脂包裹体的该表面伸出，为的是利于该板与结构件的粘结。
11、权利要求7的木结构体系，其中树脂包裹体由环氧树脂、聚酯、乙烯基酯或酚醛树脂形成。
12、权利要求7的木结构体系，其中树脂包裹体由聚酰亚胺、PSP、PET或尼龙66形成。
13、权利要求7的木结构体系，其中至少一额外的合成增强板粘结于第一合成增强板。
14、权利要求7的木结构体系，其中体系进一步包括平行条材。
15、权利要求7的木结构体系，其中体系进一步包括层积单板材。
16、权利要求7的木结构体系，其中体系进一步包括工字横梁。
17、权利要求7的木结构体系，其中至少一额外的合成增强板粘结于第一合成增强板。
18、制造用来与木层结合的合成增强板的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
将一种试剂完全分散在树脂浴中，该试剂对于树脂是非反应活性的和至少可部分地从树脂除去；
固化该可固化的树脂；和
打磨树脂表面的至少一部分，从而引起至少一部分试剂与可固化树脂分离，在合成增强板表面产生无规分布的微小凹口。
19、权利要求18的方法，其中固化步骤进一步包括一部分试剂的挥发。
20、权利要求18的方法，其中该纤维是聚芳酰胺纤维、玻璃纤维、聚乙烯纤维或碳纤维。
21、权利要求18的方法，其中该树脂是环氧树脂、聚酯、乙烯基酯或酚醛树脂。
22、权利要求18的方法，其中该树脂是聚酰亚胺、PSP、PET或尼龙66。
23、权利要求18的方法，进一步包括在固化步骤之后再打磨合成增强板的步骤，以引起该纤维的一部分从树脂包裹体伸出。
24、权利要求18的方法，进一步包括在树脂中产生空隙的步骤。
25、权利要求18的方法，其中所用试剂是非反应活性液体，它的沸点低于在固化过程达到的最高温度。
26、权利要求18的方法，其中所用试剂是固体颗粒。
27、权利要求18的方法，其中所用试剂包括大量的充气球状体。
28、权利要求27的方法，其中充气球状体由塑料组成。
29、权利要求27的方法，其中塑料充气球状体由热固性塑料组成。
30、权利要求27的方法，其中塑料充气球状体由热塑性塑料组成。
31、制造增强的工程木结构件的方法，该结构件具有提高的载荷承受能力，该方法包括以下步骤；
提供一种合成增强板，包括：无数连续纤维和在其中基本上包括所有的连续纤维的树脂包裹体；和
用粘合剂将至少一个合成增强板粘结于多重联结的木层中的至少一个，其中粘合剂接触众多微小凹口中的至少一部分。
32、权利要求31的方法，其中用粘合剂联结表面处理过的合成增强板的步骤包括多于10分钟和小于80分钟的间隔时间的步骤，间隔时间是在将粘合剂施用于合成增强板，从而形成有粘合剂的表面时和让有粘合剂的表面与木层表面接触时之间的时间。
33、权利要求31的方法，其中用粘合剂联结表面处理过的合成增强板的步骤包括：在将粘合剂施用于合成增强板时和让有粘合剂的表面与木层表面接触时之间大约30分钟的间隔时间的步骤。
34、由权利要求31的方法制造的工程木结构件。
35、木结构体系，其中第一木层用粘合剂粘结于一件用粘合剂结合的合成增强板，每一件包括：
沿合成增强板的长度方向排列的无数基本上连续的纤维；和
包裹基本上所有的纤维的树脂包裹体。
36、权利要求35的木结构体系，其中第二木层用粘合剂粘结于该件粘合剂联结的合成增强板，与第一木层相对。
37、权利要求35的木结构体系，其中纤维是聚芳酰胺纤维，玻璃纤维，聚乙烯纤维或碳纤维。
38、权利要求35的木结构体系，其中树脂包裹体确定许多在其中无规分布的极小充气空隙。
39、权利要求35的木结构体系，进一步包括无数纤维，它们的一端从树脂包裹体的该表面伸出，为的是利于该板粘结于结构件。
40、权利要求35的木结构体系，其中树脂包覆体由环氧树脂、聚酯、乙烯基酯或酚醛树脂形成。
41、权利要求35的木结构体系，其中树脂包覆体由聚酰亚胺、PSP、PET或尼龙66形成。
42、权利要求35的木结构体系，其中至少一个额外的合成增强板用粘合剂连于第一合成增强板。
43、权利要求35的木结构体系，其中体系进一步包括平行条材。
44、权利要求35的木结构体系，其中体系进一步包括层积单板材。
45、权利要求35的木结构体系，其中体系进一步包括工字横梁。
46、权利要求35的木结构体系，其中至少一个额外的合成增强板用粘合剂粘结于第一合成增强板。
47、权利要求35的木结构体系，其中每一合成增强板具有一个遍布有微小凹口的主表面。
48、粘结于木结构件提高木结构件载荷承受能力的一种合成增强板，该增强板包括；
无数连续纤维；和
在其中基本上包括所有的连续纤维的树脂包裹体；和
其中合成增强板具有低于2毫米的厚度。
49、权利要求48的合成增强板，其中合成增强板具有一个遍布有微小凹口的主表面。
50、权利要求48的木结构体系，其中纤维是聚芳酰胺纤维、玻璃纤维、聚乙烯纤维或碳纤维。
51、权利要求48的木结构体系，其中树脂包裹体确定许多在其中无规分布的极小充气空隙。
52、权利要求48的木结构体系，进一步包括无数纤维，这些纤维的一端从树脂包裹体的该表面伸出，为的是利于该板粘结于结构件。
53、权利要求48的木结构体系，其中树脂包裹体由环氧树脂、聚酯、乙烯基酯或酚醛树脂组成。
54、权利要求48的木结构体系，其中树脂包裹体由聚酰亚胺、PSP、PET或尼龙66形成。
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NO962022L (no) 1996-06-27
FI962071A (fi) 1996-05-15
HUP9601293A2 (en) 2004-10-28
EP0729408A1 (en) 1996-09-04
CA2176369A1 (en) 1996-03-21

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