CN113717190B - 一类吲哚生物碱及其药物组合物与其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一类吲哚生物碱及其药物组合物与其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一类吲哚生物碱及其药物组合物与其制备方法和应用,属于药物技术领域。本发明提供了5个具有6/5/7/5/5环系新颖骨架的吲哚生物碱1−5及其药用盐与其制备方法,以其为有效成分的药物组合物,它们在制备治疗或预防高血压、帕金森病、肿瘤、睡眠障碍、癫痫等中枢或外周神经性疾病的药物中的应用。本发明化合物是效果显著的T型钙离子通道抑制剂,可用于治疗或预防高血压、癫痫、帕金森病、肿瘤、睡眠障碍等中枢或外周神经性疾病,同时具有保护肾脏作用。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于药物技术领域,具体的涉及一类新颖骨架的吲哚生物碱1-5及其类似物,其药学上可接受的盐,其制备方法,含有该类化合物的药物组合物,以及该类化合物及其药物组合物和提取物在制备T型钙离子通道抑制剂药物中、在制备治疗或预防高血压,帕金森病,疼痛、肿瘤、睡眠障碍、癫痫等中枢或外周神经性疾病,或具有神经保护作用等药物中的应用。
背景技术:
2019年,中国心血管疾病患病人数达到了3.3亿,心血管病死亡占城乡居民总死亡原因的首位。其中,高血压患病人数达到2.45亿,而包括脑卒中、冠心病、心力衰竭、肾脏疾病在内的高血压严重并发症致残率和致死率高,已成为我国家庭和社会的沉重负担,防治心血管疾病刻不容缓。
钙离子通道抑制剂是一类重要的治疗高血压的药物。从结构上来看,电压门控钙离子通道(Voltage-gating calcium channel,Cav)由位于细胞内的β亚基,跨膜的α1亚基和辅助δ、γ亚基,以及细胞外的α2亚基组成。根据Cav的α1亚基不同,可以分为Cav1,Cav2和Cav3三个家族10个亚型。而根据通过每种Cav通道的不同电流性质,可以分为L型、P/Q型、R型、N型和T型。Cav3通道也称为T型钙离子通道,由Cav3.1,Cav3.2和Cav3.3三个成员组成,其特点是通道的电流弱且维持时间短暂,也称为low-voltage activated(LVA)通道。目前发现T型钙离子通道主要分布于神经元,同时也广泛存在于心肌、血管平滑肌、肾脏细胞、以及内分泌细胞等等。
在中枢神经系统中,T型钙离子通道的激活介导神经元细胞膜的去极化和钙离子内流,从而引起神经递质的释放和电流信号的传播。相关研究表明,CACNA1G基因的突变(编码Cav3.1)会导致中枢神经系统的疾病如癫痫、儿童失神发作、肌阵挛不安定性癫痫。基因敲除Cav3.1的小鼠可以抵抗巴氯芬所引起的癫痫发作,而Cav3.1过表达的小鼠表现出失神性癫痫。目前,一些T型离子通道的抑制剂如Z944用来治疗癫痫、神经性疼痛也正在进行临床试验。
临床上使用的作用于离子通道的降压药主要为L型钙离子通道抑制剂,具有增加心率和肾脏负担等副作用。而相关模型研究表明,Cav3.1广泛分布于心肌、血管平滑肌,敲除Cav3.1基因可以使小鼠避免肺动脉高血压,而Cav3.1基因过表达可以引起血管平滑肌增殖。对T型钙通道抑制剂的研究进展提示,T型钙通道抑制剂或兼具T通道抑制作用的多重钙通道抑制剂除具有优于传统钙通道抑制剂的降压作用外,尚具有其他多种药理作用,如降低心肌自律性、抗心肌重塑、保护肾功能、抗交感神经等药理作用,尤其以对心血管的药理作用和对肾的保护作用备受关注。这些药理作用表明T型钙通道抑制剂可以作为一种备选的抗高血压、癫痫、精神疾病的新型药物。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于:提供五个新颖骨架吲哚生物碱类化合物1-5及其类似物,其药学上可接受的盐,其制备方法,含有该类化合物的药物组合物及植物提取物,以及该类化合物及其药物组合物和提取物在制备T型钙离子通道抑制剂药物中、在制备治疗或预防高血压,帕金森病,疼痛、肿瘤、睡眠障碍、癫痫等中枢或外周神经性疾病,或具有神经保护作用等药物中的应用。
本发明的上述目的是通过如下的技术方案得以实现的:
如下结构式所示的6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-5或其药用盐,
其中所述的药用盐是指药学上可接受的盐,包括与有机酸或无机酸形成的盐,所述的有机酸为柠檬酸、马来酸、富马酸,所述的无机酸为盐酸、硫酸、磷酸。
6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-5任其一或任意组合或其药用盐在制备治疗或预防癫痫和/或帕金森病的药物中的应用。
6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-5任其一或任意组合或其药用盐在制备治疗或预防高血压的药物和/或功能保健品中的应用。
6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-5任其一或任意组合或其药用盐在制备治疗或预防阿尔茨海默病的药物中的应用。
6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-5任其一或任意组合或其药用盐在制备治疗或预防疼痛、肿瘤、睡眠障碍疾病的药物中的应用。
6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-5任其一或任意组合或其药用盐在制备治疗或预防中枢或外周神经性疾病的药物中的应用。
6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-5的制备方法,取干燥钩藤带钩部位,粉碎后用50%工业乙醇/水回流提取三次,合并提取液,减压浓缩得到总提取物,将总提取物用pH=1的硫酸溶液混悬,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,除掉大部分非碱成分,萃取后剩下的酸水溶液用10%NaOH溶液调节pH为9-10,然后用氯仿充分萃取三次,得到总生物碱浸膏;将总生物碱浸膏用碱性氧化铝拌样,挥发干燥之后用碱性氧化铝柱层析,以梯度CHCl3-MeOH洗脱,得到三个组分Fr.1-Fr.3,组分Fr.2用中压反相色谱柱,选用甲醇/水梯度洗脱,得到8个组分Fr.2.1-Fr.2.8,其中使用80%-90%甲醇水洗脱的组分为Fr.2.7,Fr.2.7使用硅胶柱层析,以石油醚︰乙酸乙酯体系纯化,10︰1洗脱组分为Fr.2.7.1,Fr.2.7.1使用高压液相制备,66%甲醇-水分离得到化合物1-5。
包含治疗有效量的6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-5任其一或任意组合或其药用盐和至少一种药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物。
所述的药物组合物为微粒给药系统,剂型为片剂、胶囊、丸剂、注射剂、缓释制剂、控释制剂。
所述的药物组合物在制备治疗或预防癫痫、帕金森病、高血压、阿尔茨海默病、疼痛、肿瘤、睡眠障碍疾病的药物中的应用。
所述的药物组合物在制备治疗或预防中枢或外周神经性疾病的药物中的应用。
吲哚生物碱是一类以色氨酸和裂环马钱素为生源前体的一大类活性天然产物,具有相同生源的途径且变化多样的天然生物碱。本发明对茜草科钩藤属植物钩藤中的吲哚生物碱类成分进行系统的研究,利用多种分离纯化手段,包括正相硅胶柱层析,反相中压或者高压液相色谱等方法,从中获得了五个具有6/5/7/5/5环系的吲哚生物碱。对分离得到的生物碱进行了离子通道抑制活性筛选,发现化合物1和2对T型钙离子通道Cav3.1具有很好的抑制活性,为新的植物来源的T型钙离子通道抑制化合物,可用于制备T型钙离子通道抑制剂。
本发明的6/5/7/5/5环系的吲哚生物碱类化合物1-5及其药物组合物可以是任何合适形式,例如固体,半固体,液体或气溶胶形式。一般情况下,药物含有本发明的化合物或提取物作为活性成分,与适合外部,肠道,或肠胃外给药的有机或无机载体或赋形剂混合。活性成分可以是复方的,例如,与常规无毒药学可接受载体和/或赋形剂制成片剂、丸剂、胶囊等和其他适合的使用形式。在组合物中使用的药学可接受载体包括,例如,水、葡萄糖、乳糖、阿拉伯胶等和适合在制备固体、半固体、液体或气溶胶形式的制剂中使用的其他载体。组合物可以另外含有稳定剂,增稠剂,和/或着色剂和香料。
本发明的6/5/7/5/5环系的吲哚生物碱类化合物1-5及其药学上可接受的盐及配糖体可经口或不经过口给药,给药量因药物不同而各有不同,对成人来说,每天1-100mg较合适。
经口服给药时,首先使化合物与常规的药用辅剂如赋形剂、解剂、黏合剂、润滑剂、抗氧化剂、包衣剂、着色剂、芳香剂、表面活性剂等混合,将其制成颗粒剂、胶囊、片剂等形式给药:非经口给药时可以注射液、输液剂或栓剂等形式给药。制备上述制剂时,可使用常规的制剂技术。
与现有技术相比,本发明具备如下的优益性:
1.本发明提供了一类新的6/5/7/5/5环系的吲哚生物碱类化合物1-5。
2.实验结果表明,本发明化合物表现出了显著的Cav3.1 T型钙离子通道抑制活性,是具有巨大潜力的Cav3.1 T型钙离子通抑制剂,是一种治疗与T型钙离子通道相关疾病,如帕金森病,心律失常、疼痛、高血压、睡眠障碍、癫痫等中枢或外周神经性疾病的先导化合物。
3.本发明的制备方法简单易行,操作方便,得率较高,环保安全。
附图说明:
图1为本发明的吲哚生物碱化合物1-5的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的化合物1的单晶X衍射结构示意图;
图3为本发明的化合物3的单晶X衍射结构示意图;
图4为本发明的化合物5的单晶X衍射结构示意图;
图5为本发明的化合物1-5分离流程图。
具体实施方式:
下面结合附图,用本发明的实施例来进一步说明本发明的实质性内容,但并不以此来限定本发明。根据本发明的实质对本发明进行的改进都属于本发明的范围。
实施例1:
吲哚生物碱类化合物1-5的制备方法及结构鉴定:
分离流程(图5):取干燥钩藤带钩部位,粉碎后用50%工业乙醇/水回流提取三次,合并提取液,减压浓缩得到总提取物。将总提取物用pH=1的硫酸溶液混悬,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,除掉大部分非碱成分。萃取后剩下的酸水溶液用10%NaOH溶液调节pH为9-10,然后用氯仿充分萃取三次,得到总生物碱浸膏。将总生物碱浸膏用碱性氧化铝拌样,挥发干燥之后用碱性氧化铝柱层析,以梯度CHCl3-MeOH洗脱,得到三个组分Fr.1-Fr.3。组分Fr.2用中压反相色谱柱,选用甲醇/水梯度洗脱,得到8个组分Fr.2.1-Fr.2.8,其中使用80%-90%甲醇水洗脱的组分为Fr.2.7。Fr.2.7使用硅胶柱层析,以石油醚:乙酸乙酯体系纯化,10:1洗脱组分为Fr.2.7.1。Fr.2.7.1使用高压液相制备,66%甲醇-水分离得到化合物1-5。
通过NMR(表1和表2),HRESIMS,ECD,UV,IR等波谱数据,化合物1-5的结构得到确定(结构式如图1所示)。最后,通过单晶X-ray衍射分析验证了化合物1,3,5的绝对构型(图2、图3、图4)。
结构鉴定:本发明所述化合物分子结构式(1)到(5)分别对应化合物1到5:
化合物1:淡黄色针状晶体;mp 170–172℃;(c 0.16,MeOH);UV(MeOH)λmax(logε):209(2.75),239(2.52),318(2.66)nm;ECD(MeOH)λ(Δε):210(+1.17),248(+2.87),274(+11.44),317(–23.45),366(+6.71)nm;IR(KBr)ν max 3331,2959,2930,2876,1733,1629,1436,1339,1234,1170,1037,871,746cm-1;1H and 13C NMR data,见表-1;positive HRESIMS m/z391.1635[M+Na]+(calcd for C21H24O4N2Na,391.1634).
化合物2:淡黄色固体;(c 0.14,MeOH);UV(MeOH)λmax(logε):208(2.79),239(2.55),318(2.68)nm;ECD(MeOH)λ(Δε):212(+2.86),248(+2.33),274(+10.11),317(–22.16),366(+6.68)nm;IR(KBr)νmax3421,2951,1736,1634,1436,1337,1233,1174,1023,746cm-1;1H and 13C NMR data,见表-1;positive HRESIMS m/z367.1657[M+H]+(calcd for C21H23O4N2,367.1658).
化合物3:淡黄色针状晶体;mp 112–114℃;(c 0.16,MeOH);UV(MeOH)λmax(logε):208(2.71),239(2.45),318(2.62)nm;ECD(MeOH)λ(Δε):215(+3.71),248(–0.62),277(–5.66),319(+13.17),366(–3.93)nm;IR(KBr)νmax3338,2957,2929,1735,1632,1540,1437,1334,1273,1202,1019,744cm-1;1H and 13C NMR data,见表-2;positiveHRESIMS m/z369.1816[M+H]+(calcd for C21H25O4N2,369.1814).
化合物4:淡黄色固体;(c 0.06,MeOH);UV(MeOH)λmax(logε):200(2.42),235(2.10),318(2.17)nm;ECD(MeOH)λ(Δε):218(+17.70),248(+2.25),279(–3.39),321(+8.14),364(–2.73)nm;IR(KBr)νmax3428,2953,2928,1728,1642,1334,1225,1045,749cm-1;1H and 13C NMR data,见表-2;positive HRESIMS m/z367.1657[M+H]+(calcd for C21H23O4N2,367.1658).
化合物5:淡黄色针状晶体;mp 152–154℃;(c 0.083,MeOH);UV(MeOH)λmax(logε):207(2.79),239(2.52),317(2.58)nm;ECD(MeOH)λ(Δε):248(–0.99),273(–5.36),319(+11.25),367(–3.39),421(+0.59)nm;IR(KBr)νmax3411,2957,2928,1732,1639,1334,1226,1041,747cm-1;1H and 13C NMR data,见表-2;positive HRESIMS m/z369.1813[M+H]+(calcd for C21H25O4N2,369.1814).
表-1.化合物1和2的核磁数据
aRecorded at 600 MHz(1H NMR)and150 MHz(13C NMR)in CDCl3.
表-2.化合物3-5的核磁数据
aRecorded at 600MHz(1H NMR)and150MHz(13C NMR)in CDCl3.
bRecorded at 800MHz(1H NMR)and 200MHz(13C NMR)in CDCl3.
实施例2:
本发明吲哚生物碱类化合物1-5对T型钙离子通道Cav 3.1的抑制活性实验方法和结果如下:
1、细胞制备与表达
人胚肾(HEK)293T细胞培养在添加了10%小牛血清(Biological Industries)和1%青霉素-链霉素双抗(Biological Industries)的DMEM(Biological Industries)培养基中。培养好的HEK293T细胞用Lipofectamine 2000(invitrogen)转染试剂处理过的pCDNA3.1-Cav3.1和pCDNA3.1-EGFP质粒进行瞬时转染。成功转染的人胚胎肾(HEK)293T细胞需在48小时内使用。
2、电生理学实验
所有电生理记录实验均在室温(约22℃)下进行。硼硅酸盐玻璃制备移液管(WorldPrecision Instruments),用微电极拉制仪(P-1000,Sutter Instrument)拉制,经过加热抛光,制备阻抗为2~4MΩ的微电极,用膜片钳放大器进行全细胞电流记录。在4秒的时间间隔内,-100mV的钳制电位(HP)经150ms-40mV去极化,记录这个过程中的电流。电流通过放大器(美国SUTTER IPA-2)进行放大和数据转化。电流以2kHz通过低能滤波器,然后在10kHz进行采样。用SutterPatch软件完成数据采集和分析。细胞外溶液成分(in mM):142CsCl,1MgCl2,2CaCl2,10Glucose和10HEPES(pH=7.4,用CsOH来调节)。电极内溶液成分(in mM):130CsCl,2MgCl2,2Na2ATP,10HEPES和11EGTA(pH=7.4,用CsOH来调节)。
3、数据分析与统计
数据的收集和统计分析均采用Graphpad 8.0完成。IC50值和希尔系数根据希尔方程Y=IMin+(IMax-IMin)/[1+10(LogIC50-C)×Hillslope]用收集得到的数据计算得出。这里IC50是在半最大电流抑制时的浓度,C是化合物的浓度,IMin是最小抑制率,IMax是最大抑制率,Hillslope是希尔系数。所有数据均为平均值±标准误差。
4、化合物1-5与阳性对照药米贝拉地尔针对Cav3.1T型钙离子通道的抑制活性实验对比,如表3所示。
表-3.化合物和米贝拉地尔对Cav3.1通道峰值电流的量效关系
实验结果表明,在本实验条件下,化合物1表现出了显著的Cav3.1T型钙离子通道抑制活性,IC50=6.862±0.83μM,希尔系数为3.06;化合物2也表现出明显的抑制活性,IC50=10.41±0.83μM,希尔系数为3.28;化合物3、4、5的IC50值均大于50μM。本实验采用阳性药米贝拉地尔做对照,同样的实验条件下检测得其IC50=2.152±0.08μM。生物活性研究表明,化合物1和2是具有巨大潜力的Cav3.1 T型钙离子通抑制剂,二者是一种治疗与T型钙离子通道相关疾病的先导化合物,如帕金森病,心律失常、疼痛、高血压、睡眠障碍、癫痫等中枢或外周神经性疾病。
制剂实施例1:
取化合物1-5任其一或任其组合,以及利用有机酸(柠檬酸、马来酸、富马酸)或无机酸(盐酸,硫酸,磷酸)制成的盐,按常规加注射用水,精滤,灌封灭菌制成注射液。
制剂实施例2:
取化合物1-5任其一或任其组合,以及利用有机酸(柠檬酸、马来酸、富马酸)或无机酸(盐酸,硫酸,磷酸)制成的盐,将其溶于无菌注射用水中,搅拌使溶,用无菌抽滤漏斗过滤,再无菌精滤,分装于2安瓿中,低温冷冻干燥后无菌熔封得粉针剂。
制剂实施例3:
取化合物1-5任其一或任其组合,以及利用有机酸(柠檬酸、马来酸、富马酸)或无机酸(盐酸,硫酸,磷酸)制成的盐,与赋形剂重量比为9:1的比例加入赋形剂,制成粉剂。
制剂实施例4:
取化合物1-5任其一或任其组合,以及利用有机酸(柠檬酸、马来酸、富马酸)或无机酸(盐酸,硫酸,磷酸)制成的盐,按其与赋形剂重量比为1:5–1:10的比例加入赋形剂,制粒压片。
制剂实施例5:
取化合物1-5任其一或任其组合,以及利用有机酸(柠檬酸、马来酸、富马酸)或无机酸(盐酸,硫酸,磷酸)制成的盐,按常规口服液制法制成口服液。
制剂实施例6:
取化合物1-5任其一或任其组合,以及利用有机酸(柠檬酸、马来酸、富马酸)或无机酸(盐酸,硫酸,磷酸)制成的盐,按其与赋形剂重量比为5:1的比例加入赋形剂,制成胶囊或颗粒剂或冲剂。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-2或其药用盐,其特征在于所述的药用盐是指药学上可接受的盐,包括与有机酸或无机酸形成的盐,所述的有机酸为柠檬酸、马来酸、富马酸,所述的无机酸为盐酸、硫酸、磷酸。
3.权利要求1所述的6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-2任其一或其组合或其药用盐在制备治疗或预防癫痫的药物中的应用。
4.权利要求1所述的6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-2任其一或其组合或其药用盐在制备治疗或预防高血压的药物中的应用。
5.权利要求1所述的6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-2的制备方法,取干燥钩藤带钩部位,粉碎后用50%工业乙醇/水回流提取三次,合并提取液,减压浓缩得到总提取物,将总提取物用pH=1的硫酸溶液混悬,再用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,除掉大部分非碱成分,萃取后剩下的酸水溶液用10%NaOH溶液调节pH为9-10,然后用氯仿充分萃取三次,得到总生物碱浸膏;将总生物碱浸膏用碱性氧化铝拌样,挥发干燥之后用碱性氧化铝柱层析,以梯度CHCl3-MeOH洗脱,得到三个组分Fr.1-Fr.3,组分Fr.2用中压反相色谱柱,选用甲醇/水梯度洗脱,得到8个组分Fr.2.1-Fr.2.8,其中使用80%-90%甲醇水洗脱的组分为Fr.2.7,Fr.2.7使用硅胶柱层析,以石油醚︰乙酸乙酯体系纯化,10︰1洗脱组分为Fr.2.7.1,Fr.2.7.1使用高压液相制备,66%甲醇-水分离得到化合物1-2。
6.包含治疗有效量的权利要求1所述的6/5/7/5/5骨架的吲哚生物碱1-2任其一或其组合或其药用盐和至少一种药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物为微粒给药系统,剂型为片剂、胶囊、丸剂、注射剂、缓释制剂、控释制剂。
8.权利要求6所述的药物组合物在制备治疗或预防癫痫、高血压的药物中的应用。
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