CN113717007A - Compound fertilizer for reducing leaching loss of nitrogen in soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compound fertilizer for reducing leaching loss of nitrogen in soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113717007A CN113717007A CN202111189427.7A CN202111189427A CN113717007A CN 113717007 A CN113717007 A CN 113717007A CN 202111189427 A CN202111189427 A CN 202111189427A CN 113717007 A CN113717007 A CN 113717007A
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002550 fecal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012754 barrier agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a compound fertilizer for reducing leaching loss of soil nitrogen and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agriculture, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of biomass charcoal, 5-10 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of organic matters of excrement and 7-12 parts of starch. The compound fertilizer prepared by the invention realizes the slow release of nutrients in soil, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and can effectively reduce the leaching loss of nitrogen, thereby improving the crop yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a compound fertilizer for reducing leaching loss of soil nitrogen and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Nitrogen is the most important nutrient element required for the growth of plants and microorganisms in soil, and the reasonable addition of the soil nitrogen is crucial to the maintenance of crop yield and environmental quality. At present, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is low, the average utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer by crops is about 35%, and leaching loss is one of important reasons influencing the utilization rate of nitrogen. The leaching action can cause nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil to permeate below the active layer of the root system of the crop, so that the absorption and utilization of the nitrogen by the plant can be influenced, and the leaching action can cause nitrogen pollution of the underground water environment and harm the health of the human body.
At present, technologies for reducing nitrogen leaching loss include a source reduction technology, a physical resistance control technology, a planting mode adjustment technology and the like, but the source reduction technology is only controlled from a source, so that the input amount is reduced, and the current situation in soil cannot be changed. The physical barrier technology is to fill or apply physical barrier agent into the facility soil, reduce the leaching loss of nitrogen, and does not fundamentally solve the problem that the nitrogen in the soil is utilized by plants. The adjustment of the planting mode is beneficial to improving the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus, but the planting technical requirement is high, so that the method is difficult to accept by farmers. Therefore, how to select the variety and the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer scientifically and reasonably, reduce the leaching loss of nitrogen and reduce the risk of environmental pollution is a major problem to be solved urgently in the field of farmland ecological management and environmental protection.
The shortage of water resources in arid and semiarid regions in China is a main reason for low long-term agricultural productivity. In recent years, due to climate change, effective rainfall in northeast, north China and northwest is gradually reduced, the drought disaster rate is continuously increased, groundwater super-harvest in north China is the most major challenge in agricultural development in China. Therefore, improving the water utilization rate of the farmland is a central task of agriculture in China.
At present, water-absorbing polymers, particularly super absorbent resins, are generally used in soil to improve the nutrition and moisture conditions of plants, and researches show that the agricultural use of water-absorbing polymers is very advantageous in reducing the irrigation requirements of plants, but the synthetic super absorbent resins have higher price and single function and are difficult to meet the various requirements of crop nutrition, so that the wide application of the super absorbent resins is limited. In addition, the high molecular water-absorbing polymer is generally difficult to degrade and easy to accumulate, and the soil structure is easy to damage after long-term use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compound fertilizer for reducing leaching loss of nitrogen in soil.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a compound fertilizer for reducing leaching loss of nitrogen in soil, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of biomass charcoal, 5-10 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of organic matters of excrement and 7-12 parts of starch.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of biomass carbon, 6-8 parts of urea, 6-8 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 6-8 parts of organic matters of excrement and 9-11 parts of starch.
Preferably, the biomass charcoal comprises straw biochar, rice hull biochar or peanut shell biochar.
Preferably, the starch comprises corn starch, tapioca starch or wheat starch.
Preferably, the organic matter content of the fecal organic matter is 20-30%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the starch with water, adding concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate solution for oxidation under the stirring condition, continuing stirring, adding sodium hydroxide solution for gelatinization, then adding borax for crosslinking, and finally adding water for cooling to room temperature to obtain modified starch solution;
(2) spraying atomized water on the surfaces of the urea and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate particles, wetting the surfaces of the particles, adding the biochar and the modified starch solution, mixing and granulating, then adding the organic matters of excrement, continuously mixing and granulating, drying and screening to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass-to-volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1: 2-8.
Preferably, in the step (1), the oxidation time is 0.5-1.5 h, the gelatinization temperature is 65-80 ℃, the gelatinization time is 20-30 min, and the crosslinking time is 10-20 min.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass of the potassium permanganate solution is 5-8 g, the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution is 3-6 g, and the mass of the borax is 1-5 g.
Preferably, the screened particle size is 3-5 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the biochar is used as a compound fertilizer slow-release carrier, the modified starch is used as a binder, the molding rate of the biochar-based fertilizer can be increased, the biochar-based fertilizer has excellent slow-release performance on nutrients required by crops, especially nitrogen, and the fertilizer utilization rate is increased.
(2) The preparation method is simple and easy to implement, and the fecal organic matter is coated on the outer layer of the biochar, so that the function of slowly releasing nitrogen is achieved, and the leaching loss of nitrogen is effectively reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a compound fertilizer for reducing leaching loss of nitrogen in soil, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of biomass charcoal, 5-10 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of organic matters of excrement and 7-12 parts of starch.
In the present invention, the compound fertilizer preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of biomass carbon, 6-8 parts of urea, 6-8 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 6-8 parts of organic matters of excrement and 9-11 parts of starch. The biomass charcoal preferably comprises straw biochar, rice hull biochar or peanut shell biochar. The starch preferably comprises corn starch, tapioca starch or wheat starch. The organic matter content of the organic matters in the excrement is preferably 20-30%, and the excrement can be excrement of chicken, ducks, pigs, sheep, cattle, people and the like. The sources of the straw biochar, the rice hull biochar, the peanut hull biochar, the urea, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, the corn starch, the cassava starch and the wheat starch are not particularly limited and products well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the starch with water, adding concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate solution for oxidation under the stirring condition, continuing stirring, adding sodium hydroxide solution for gelatinization, then adding borax for crosslinking, and finally adding water for cooling to room temperature to obtain modified starch solution;
(2) spraying atomized water on the surfaces of the urea and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate particles, wetting the surfaces of the particles, adding the biochar and the modified starch solution, mixing and granulating, then adding the organic matters of excrement, continuously mixing and granulating, drying and screening to obtain the compound fertilizer.
In the present invention, the starch is mixed with water. The mass volume ratio of the starch to the water is preferably 1: 2-8.
In the invention, concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate solution are added for oxidation. The mass of the potassium permanganate solution is preferably 5-8 g, and the oxidation time is preferably 0.5-1.5 h.
In the invention, sodium hydroxide solution is added for gelatinization. The gelatinization temperature is preferably 65-80 ℃, the gelatinization time is preferably 20-30 min, and the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution is preferably 3-6 g.
In the present invention, borax is added for crosslinking. The mass of the borax is preferably 1-5 g, and the crosslinking time is preferably 10-20 min.
In the invention, the screened particle size is preferably 3-5 mm.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a compound fertilizer for reducing leaching loss of soil nitrogen comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 10kg of corn starch with 50L of water, adding concentrated sulfuric acid under stirring for 5min, adding 0.7kg of potassium permanganate solution, oxidizing for 1h, continuing stirring, adding 0.4kg of sodium hydroxide solution, gelatinizing at 70 ℃ for 25min, adding 0.3kg of borax, crosslinking for 15min, and finally adding water and cooling to room temperature to obtain a modified starch solution;
(2) spraying atomized water on the surfaces of 7kg of urea and 7kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate granules, wetting the surfaces of the granules, adding 20kg of straw biochar and 10kg of modified starch solution, mixing and granulating, then adding 7kg of excrement organic matter, continuing mixing and granulating, drying at the temperature of 200 ℃, and screening to obtain granules with the grain diameter of 4mm, thereby obtaining the compound fertilizer.
Example 2
A preparation method of a compound fertilizer for reducing leaching loss of soil nitrogen comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 12kg of cassava starch with 96L of water, adding concentrated sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, stirring for 5min, adding 0.8kg of potassium permanganate solution, oxidizing for 1.5h, continuing stirring, adding 0.6kg of sodium hydroxide solution, gelatinizing at 80 ℃ for 20min, adding 0.5kg of borax, crosslinking for 20min, and finally adding water and cooling to room temperature to obtain a modified starch solution;
(2) spraying atomized water on the surfaces of 10kg of urea and 10kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate granules, wetting the surfaces of the granules, adding 25kg of biochar and 12kg of modified starch solution, mixing and granulating, then adding 10kg of fecal organic matter, continuing mixing and granulating, drying at 170 ℃, and screening to obtain granules with the grain diameter of 3mm, thus obtaining the compound fertilizer.
Example 3
A preparation method of a compound fertilizer for reducing leaching loss of soil nitrogen comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing 9kg of corn starch with 18L of water, adding concentrated sulfuric acid under stirring for 5min, adding 0.5kg of potassium permanganate solution, oxidizing for 0.5h, continuing stirring, adding 0.3kg of sodium hydroxide solution, gelatinizing at 65 ℃ for 30min, adding 0.5kg of borax, crosslinking for 20min, and finally adding water and cooling to room temperature to obtain a modified starch solution;
(2) spraying atomized water on the surfaces of 5kg of urea and 5kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate granules, wetting the surfaces of the granules, adding 18kg of biochar and 9kg of modified starch solution, mixing and granulating, then adding 5kg of fecal organic matter, continuing mixing and granulating, drying at 190 ℃, and screening to obtain granules with the particle size of 5mm, thereby obtaining the compound fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that in the step (2), atomized water is sprayed on the surfaces of 7kg of urea, 7kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 7kg of excrement organic fertilizer particles, the surfaces of the particles are moistened, 20kg of straw biochar and 10kg of modified starch solution are added, and the materials are mixed and granulated.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the granulation is carried out in the step (2) without adding the excrement organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example was different from example 1 in that the treatment of step (1) was not conducted, and granulation was conducted as it is in step (2).
Comparative example 4
Spraying atomized water on the surfaces of 7kg of urea, 7kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 7kg of excrement organic fertilizer particles, moistening the surfaces of the particles, adding 20kg of straw biochar and 10kg of modified starch solution, mixing and granulating.
Test example 1
The crop of this experiment was cucumber with protected facilities.
The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: the compound fertilizers prepared in the example 1, the comparative example 2, the comparative example 3 and the comparative example 4 are respectively applied to the furrows at 85 kg/mu, the fertilizing method is consistent with the fertilizing treatment habit of farmers, 3 times of repetition is designed in each experiment, no fertilization is used as a control group, and the yield of the facility cucumbers and the loss of nitrogen in soil are finally measured.
TABLE 1 Effect of different comparative examples and examples on cucumber yield and nitrogen loss in protected cultivation
The results in table 1 show that nitrogen loss is the lowest and yield is the highest when the compound fertilizer of example 1 is applied to cucumber plants.
Test example 2
The compound fertilizer of example 1 was put into water for a 90-day nitrogen nutrient release assay, with 7kg urea and 7kg fecal organic matter as controls.
The results showed that after 1 day at 25 ℃, no nitrogen was detected in the water of example 1, whereas after 1 day the control had 20% nitrogen release, after 7 days, 15% nitrogen release was detected in the water of example 1, 60% nitrogen release was detected in the control, after 15 days, 35% nitrogen release was detected in the water of example 1, 95% nitrogen release was achieved in the control, after 30 days, 50% nitrogen release was achieved in the water of example 1, whereas after 97% nitrogen release was achieved in the control, after 80 days, 88% nitrogen release was achieved in the water of example 1, and after 90 days, the release of example 1 was almost complete.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The compound fertilizer for reducing leaching loss of nitrogen in soil is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of biomass charcoal, 5-10 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of organic matters of excrement and 7-12 parts of starch.
2. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of biomass carbon, 6-8 parts of urea, 6-8 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 6-8 parts of organic matters of excrement and 9-11 parts of starch.
3. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the biomass charcoal comprises straw biochar, rice hull biochar, or peanut hull biochar.
4. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the starch comprises corn starch, tapioca starch or wheat starch.
5. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the organic matter content of the fecal organic matter is 20-30%.
6. The method for preparing the compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing the starch with water, adding concentrated sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate solution for oxidation under the stirring condition, continuing stirring, adding sodium hydroxide solution for gelatinization, then adding borax for crosslinking, and finally adding water for cooling to room temperature to obtain modified starch solution;
(2) spraying atomized water on the surfaces of the urea and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate particles, wetting the surfaces of the particles, adding the biochar and the modified starch solution, mixing and granulating, then adding the organic matters of excrement, continuously mixing and granulating, drying and screening to obtain the compound fertilizer.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the mass volume ratio of the starch to the water is 1: 2-8.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (1), the oxidation time is 0.5 to 1.5 hours, the gelatinization temperature is 65 to 80 ℃, the gelatinization time is 20 to 30min, and the crosslinking time is 10 to 20 min.
9. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that in the step (1), the mass of the potassium permanganate solution is 5-8 g, the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution is 3-6 g, and the mass of the borax is 1-5 g.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the sieved particle size is 3 to 5 mm.
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