CN107337543B - Saline-alkali soil slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Saline-alkali soil slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN107337543B
CN107337543B CN201710717255.3A CN201710717255A CN107337543B CN 107337543 B CN107337543 B CN 107337543B CN 201710717255 A CN201710717255 A CN 201710717255A CN 107337543 B CN107337543 B CN 107337543B
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saline
alkali soil
release fertilizer
preparation
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CN107337543A (en
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宫晨琛
金鸣慧
周竞平
芦令超
程新
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University of Jinan
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a saline-alkali soil slow-release fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: (1) coating a layer of soluble starch film on the surface layer of the boric acid particles to obtain coating acid; (2) mixing 40-70 parts of isobutylidene diurea, 30-50 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 5-10 parts of coating acid, 20-30 parts of starch and 20-30 parts of water, uniformly stirring, granulating into balls, and drying to obtain the slow release fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil. The slow release fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil prepared by the preparation method can control the fertilizer release period of the isobutylidene diurea by controlling the coating thickness of the coating acid, and solves the problem that the alkaline soil inhibits the hydrolysis of the isobutylidene diurea, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the isobutylidene diurea is difficult to release.

Description

Saline-alkali soil slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of controlled release fertilizers, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The slow release fertilizer is mainly a slow release nitrogen fertilizer, also called a long-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and has very low solubility in water, but gradually decomposes under the action of chemical reaction and microorganisms after being applied to soil, slowly releases nitrogen, meets the requirement of plants on the nitrogen in the whole growth period, reduces the cost of after-dressing, and can reduce the loss caused by leaching, volatilization and denitrification of the nitrogen. The isobutylidene diurea is prepared by condensation reaction of urea and isobutyraldehyde as raw materials under the condition of an acid catalyst, and has the performance of slowly releasing nitrogen. The urea has low solubility (only one thousandth of the urea), so that the characteristic that the urea is easy to absorb moisture and deteriorate is changed, the release speed is slightly influenced by temperature, the release speed of the fertilizer is easy to adjust and predict, the salt index is the lowest of all chemical fertilizers, and plants cannot be burnt. The condensate also has the properties of promoting the formation of a granular structure in soil, preventing desertification and increasing the root penetration of crops.
In the prior art, isobutylidene diurea is used as a slow release skeleton, and a slow release technology in a fertilizer core is adopted to prepare the slow release fertilizer. However, in areas with serious salinization, such as northwest of China, crops are difficult to grow, and alkaline soil can inhibit hydrolysis of isobutylidene diurea, so that the fertilizer efficiency of isobutylidene diurea is difficult to release. Therefore, the isobutylidene diurea slow release fertilizer suitable for alkaline soil needs to be prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the fertilizer efficiency of isobutylidene diurea is difficult to release in saline-alkali soil, the invention provides a saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) coating a layer of soluble starch film on the surface layer of the boric acid particles to obtain coating acid;
(2) mixing 40-70 parts of isobutylidene diurea, 30-50 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 5-10 parts of coating acid, 20-30 parts of starch and 20-30 parts of water, uniformly stirring, granulating into balls, and drying to obtain the slow release fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil.
In order to regulate and control the slow release rate of the slow release fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil, the thickness of the soluble starch film of the coated acid is 0.2-1mm, and the diameter of the granules is 2-4 mm.
In order to facilitate the sowing of the saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer, the particle diameter of the saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer is 4-8 mm.
In order to ensure the release of the coating acid, the specific surface area of the bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m 2/Kg.
Optionally, the weight parts of the components in the step (2) are as follows: 55 parts of isobutylidene diurea, 40 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 7 parts of coating acid, 25 parts of starch and 25 parts of water.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer provided by the invention coats the acid, and the release rate of the acid is regulated and controlled by controlling the thickness of the coating so as to control the fertilizer release period of the isobutylidene diurea.
(2) The bamboo charcoal is of a porous structure, is resistant to acid erosion, is not damaged in an acid environment, has good water-retaining property, and effectively ensures the release of envelope acid.
(3) The slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil provided by the invention can regulate the fertilizing amount of isobutylidene diurea by watering amount according to the demand of plant growth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the release rate of isobutylidene diurea from the slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the release rate of isobutylidene diurea from the saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the release rate of isobutylidene diurea from the saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the release rate of isobutylidene diurea of the slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil prepared in example 4 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) coating a layer of soluble starch film on the surface layer of boric acid particles, wherein the thickness of the starch film is 0.2mm, so as to obtain coated alkali, and the particle diameter of the coated alkali is 2 mm;
(2) mixing 40 parts by weight of isobutylidene diurea, 30 parts by weight of bamboo charcoal powder, 5 parts by weight of coating acid, 20 parts by weight of starch and 20 parts by weight of water, uniformly stirring, granulating into balls, and drying at 40-70 ℃ to obtain the saline-alkali soil slow-release fertilizer, wherein the particle diameter of the saline-alkali soil slow-release fertilizer is 4 mm.
Wherein, in the preparation method, the specific surface area of the bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m 2/Kg.
Example 2
A preparation method of a slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) coating a layer of soluble starch film on the surface layer of boric acid particles, wherein the thickness of the starch film is 1mm, so as to obtain coated alkali, and the particle diameter of the coated alkali is 4 mm;
(2) 70 parts of isobutylidene diurea, 50 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 10 parts of coating acid, 30 parts of starch and 30 parts of water are mixed, uniformly stirred, granulated into balls and dried at 40-70 ℃ to obtain the saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer, wherein the particle diameter of the saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer is 8 mm.
Wherein, in the preparation method, the specific surface area of the bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m 2/Kg.
Example 3
A preparation method of a slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) coating a layer of soluble starch film on the surface layer of the boric acid particles, wherein the thickness of the starch film is 0.5mm, so as to obtain coated alkali, and the particle diameter of the coated alkali is 3 mm;
(2) mixing 55 parts by weight of isobutylidene diurea, 40 parts by weight of bamboo charcoal powder, 7 parts by weight of coating acid, 25 parts by weight of starch and 25 parts by weight of water, uniformly stirring, granulating into balls, and drying at 40-70 ℃ to obtain the saline-alkali soil slow-release fertilizer, wherein the particle diameter of the saline-alkali soil slow-release fertilizer is 5 mm.
Wherein, in the preparation method, the specific surface area of the bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m 2/Kg.
Example 4
A preparation method of a slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) coating a layer of soluble starch film on the surface layer of the boric acid particles, wherein the thickness of the starch film is 0.8mm, so as to obtain coated alkali, and the particle diameter of the coated alkali is 4 mm;
(2) mixing 60 parts by weight of isobutylidene diurea, 45 parts by weight of bamboo charcoal powder, 8 parts by weight of coating acid, 20 parts by weight of starch and 25 parts by weight of water, uniformly stirring, granulating into balls, and drying at 40-70 ℃ to obtain the saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer, wherein the particle diameter of the saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer is 7 mm.
Wherein, in the preparation method, the specific surface area of the bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m 2/Kg.
As shown in the figures 1 to 4, the isobutylidene diurea of the slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil of the embodiments 1 to 4 can be stably and continuously released for 80 days, and the slow release effect is good.
Examples tests: fertilizer effect of sweet sorghum
Test site: shang Su province, Wuwei City, Gulang county.
Test time: 2016, 5 months to 10 months.
The test varieties are as follows: yajin No. 401 sweet sorghum.
Comparative example: isobutylidene diurea.
The same variety of sweet sorghum seeds was sown in 5 saline-alkali lands (pH = 7.8-8.5). 5 sweet sorghum fields were each fertilized with the fertilizers of examples 1-3 and comparative example, respectively, according to the fertilization habits and fertilization rates of local farmers. Other management measures are carried out according to the conventional measures of local farmers.
TABLE 1 growth Effect of sweet sorghum
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a saline-alkali soil slow release fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) coating a layer of soluble starch film on the surface layer of the boric acid particles to obtain coating acid;
(2) mixing 40-70 parts of isobutylidene diurea, 30-50 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 5-10 parts of coating acid, 20-30 parts of starch and 20-30 parts of water, uniformly stirring, granulating into balls, and drying to obtain the slow release fertilizer for the saline-alkali soil.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coated acid has a soluble starch film thickness of 0.2 to 1mm and a particle diameter of 2 to 4 mm.
3. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the particle diameter of the slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil is 4-8 mm.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific surface area of the bamboo charcoal powder is 300-320m2/Kg。
5. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the weight parts of the components in the step (2) are as follows: 55 parts of isobutylidene diurea, 40 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 7 parts of coating acid, 25 parts of starch and 25 parts of water.
6. A slow release fertilizer for saline-alkali soil prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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CN109042730A (en) * 2018-08-07 2018-12-21 重庆聚立信生物工程有限公司 Overlay film boric acid and its application in preparation fungi Roach killer
CN109970379B (en) * 2019-04-09 2021-09-21 济南大学 Degradable aggregate with fertilizer efficiency slow-release performance and preparation method thereof
CN109987916B (en) * 2019-04-09 2021-09-21 济南大学 Degradable phosphate cement-based aggregate with fertilizer efficiency slow-release performance and preparation method thereof

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