CN113713754B - 一种石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113713754B CN113713754B CN202111048350.1A CN202111048350A CN113713754B CN 113713754 B CN113713754 B CN 113713754B CN 202111048350 A CN202111048350 A CN 202111048350A CN 113713754 B CN113713754 B CN 113713754B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- uranium
- graphite
- carbon nitride
- phase carbon
- goethite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052598 goethite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)iron Chemical compound [O][Fe]O AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical group O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate;nonahydrate Chemical group O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 39
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910006540 α-FeOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 3
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007540 photo-reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002186 photoactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012487 rinsing solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- DSERHVOICOPXEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L uranyl carbonate Chemical compound [U+2].[O-]C([O-])=O DSERHVOICOPXEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0259—Compounds of N, P, As, Sb, Bi
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28009—Magnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/33—Electric or magnetic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将铁盐和亚铁盐的混合溶液与石墨相氮化碳的悬浮液混合,得到混合溶液;将所述混合溶液与碱液混合,再调节pH后活化,得到沉淀物;将所述沉淀物烘干,研磨,得到石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料。本申请提供的制备方法实现了石墨相氮化碳和磁性针铁矿的复合,该复合材料用于含铀废水中铀的去除,其先对含铀废水进行暗吸附,在吸附平衡后可光催化含铀废水中的铀,且具有较好的去除效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及污染物治理技术领域,尤其涉及石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
随着我国工业的快速发展,铀矿开采、核能发电等过程产生大量的含铀废料。铀是一种毒性和放射性的金属,大量的含铀废料进入水环境中,因此,含铀废水对自然环境和人类健康的威胁日益严重。
目前,含铀废水的处理方法主要包括吸附法、膜分解法、化学沉淀法以及生物絮凝法等。这些方法虽然有一定的去除效果,但存在工艺复杂,费用高,后续处理繁琐以及产生二次污染等问题。近年来,光催化技术因其反应条件温和,易操作,能还原高价有毒重金属的特点,受到了广泛关注。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题在于提供一种含铀废水中铀的去除方法,本申请提供的去除方法可有效去除废水中的铀。
有鉴于此,本申请提供了一种石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将铁盐和亚铁盐的混合溶液与石墨相氮化碳的悬浮液混合,得到混合溶液;
将所述混合溶液与碱液混合,再调节pH后活化,得到沉淀物;
将所述沉淀物烘干,研磨,得到石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料。
优选的,所述铁盐为九水合硝酸铁,所述亚铁盐为七水合硫酸亚铁。
优选的,所述铁盐中的铁离子、亚铁盐中的亚铁离子和所述石墨相氮化碳的摩尔比为:0.01:0.0015:(5~25)。
优选的,所述碱液为氢氧化钠,所述调节pH至11~13,所述活化温度为50~70℃,时间为48~72h。
优选的,所述石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料中石墨相氮化碳和磁性针铁矿的摩尔比为1:(0.0005~0.002)。
优选的,所述石墨相氮化碳的制备方法为:
将三聚氰胺置于坩埚中,在静态空气气氛下以5℃/min的速率加热至500~600℃4~5h,得到石墨相氮化碳。
本申请还提供了一种含铀废水中铀的去除方法,包括以下步骤:
将石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料与含铀废水混合暗吸附;
将得到的含铀废水在光照条件下进行光催化;
所述石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料由上述方案所述的制备方法制备得到。
优选的,所述含铀废水的pH为5~8,铀的含量为5~300mg/L。
优选的,所述含铀废水中所述石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的固含量为0.02~0.3g/L。
优选的,所述光催化的时间为1~7h。
本申请提供了一种石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法,其实现了石墨相氮化碳和磁性针铁矿的复合,该复合材料用于含铀废水中铀的去除,其先对含铀废水进行暗吸附,在吸附平衡后可光催化含铀废水中的铀,且具有较好的去除效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的复合材料的UV-vis图(a)及带隙能谱图(b);
图2为本发明实施例1制备的复合材料的PL图;
图3为本发明实施例1制备的复合材料对铀吸附的曲线图;
图4为本发明实施例1制备的复合材料不同类型对材料光催化还原铀影响的曲线图;
图5为本发明实施例1制备的复合材料投加量对材料光催化还原铀影响的曲线图;
图6为含铀废水的初始pH对材料光催化还原铀影响的曲线图;
图7为不同光催化时间对材料光催化还原铀影响的曲线图;
图8为含铀废水中初始铀浓度对材料光催化还原铀的影响曲线图,(a)铀还原率,(b)吸附及光催化还原铀的去除率及去除量;
图9为共存离子对复合材料光催化还原铀的影响曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描述,但是应当理解,这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点,而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。
针对含铀废水中铀去除的现状,本申请首先制备了石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料,再利用其采用先吸附后光催化的方式去除含铀废水中的铀,且具有较好的吸附效果。具体的,本发明实施例公开了一种石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将铁盐和亚铁盐的混合溶液与石墨相氮化碳的悬浮液混合,得到混合溶液;
将所述混合溶液与碱液混合,再调节pH后活化,得到沉淀物;
将所述沉淀物烘干,研磨,得到石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料。
在本申请中,首先制备了石墨相氮化碳,其制备方法具体为:
将三聚氰胺置于坩埚中,在静态空气气氛下以5℃/min的速率加热至500~600℃4~5h,得到石墨相氮化碳。
在复合材料制备过程中,所述铁盐具体为九水合硝酸铁,所述亚铁盐为七水合硫酸亚铁。所述铁盐中的铁离子、亚铁盐中的亚铁离子和所述石墨相氮化碳的摩尔比为0.01:0.0015:(5~25),更具体地,所述铁盐中的铁离子、亚铁盐中的亚铁离子和所述石墨相氮化碳的摩尔比为0.01:0.0015:(5.75~23),更具体地,所述铁盐中的铁离子、亚铁盐中的亚铁离子和所述石墨相氮化碳的摩尔比为0.01:0.0015:5.75、0.01:0.0015:11.5或0.01:0.0015:23。
在制备方法中,所述碱液为氢氧化钠,所述调节pH至11~13,所述活化的温度为50~70℃,时间为48~72h。
在上述复合材料制备完成后,本申请利用其去除含铀废水中的铀,具体方法包括以下步骤:
将石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料与含铀废水混合暗吸附;
将得到的含铀废水在光照条件下进行光催化。
在上述过程中,所述暗吸附至平衡之后再进行光照条件下的光催化;所述暗吸附的时间为2~3h。
在上述光催化过程中,所述光催化的光源本申请没有特别的限制,所述光催化的温度为20~30℃。所述含铀废水中所述石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的固含量为0.02~0.3g/L;更具体的,固含量为0.2~0.3g/L。所述含铀废水的初始pH至为5~8;更具体的,所述含铀废水的初始pH为5。所述含铀废水的初始铀浓度为5~300mg/L;更具体的,所述含铀废水的初始铀浓度为5~50mg/L。本申请含铀废水中大部分的共存离子对复合材料的光催化效果没有影响。
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明提供的石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法及其应用进行详细说明,本发明的保护范围不受以下实施例的限制。
实施例1g-C3N4/M-α-FeOOH复合材料的制备方法
首先,将10g的三聚氰胺粉末放置在50mL的带有铝箔盖的坩埚中,在静态空气气氛下以5℃/min的速率加热到550℃并煅烧4h,得到浅黄色样品,标记为g-C3N4;准确称取一定量的g-C3N4溶解于50mL的去离子水中,超声处理30分钟,获得分散均匀的悬浮液A;
其次,将九水合硝酸铁与七水合硫酸亚铁的混合溶液B(摩尔比Fe2+/Fe3+=0.15),按照一定的摩尔比(M-α-FeOOH/g-C3N4=0.05%、0.1%、0.2%)将悬浮液B倒入悬浮液A中,超声混合均匀;然后向上述混合溶液中快速加入氢氧化钠溶液,磁力搅拌均匀,静置10分钟,获得悬浮液C,悬浮液C超声30分钟,使其分散均匀,将该混合悬浮液调节至pH 12.0并在60℃下活化72小时;用超纯水冲洗沉淀物,直到冲洗溶液的pH值变为恒定值;将该沉淀物在60℃烘箱中干燥24h,获得的样品分别表示为0.05MCNFe,0.1MCNFe,0.2MCNFe,然后研磨待用。
实施例2石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的光学性质分析
采用紫外-可见分光光度计测定样品的光吸收度,结果如图1-a所示:0.05MCNFe、0.1MCNFe、0.2MCNFe样品的主要吸收峰分别在371nm、389nm和385nm位置,并且所有样品在300~750nm之间存在一个较宽的吸收区,表明对可见光有很好的吸收作用;在380nm左右的吸收峰强度随M-α-FeOOH含量增加而降低,而在550~750nm可见光区域的吸收峰强度随M-α-FeOOH含量增加而增强。根据文献报道,g-C3N4吸收边在400~500nm,而针铁矿对可见光具有强吸收作用,因此M-α-FeOOH的引入增强了复合材料对可见光的响应。
根据Tauc/David-Mott理论模型计算禁带宽度,估算了复合材料的禁带宽度,如图1-b所示:0.05MCNFe、0.1MCNFe、0.2MCNFe的禁带宽度分别约为1.47eV、1.45eV和1.41eV,禁带宽度比纯相氮化碳和针铁矿更窄,这可能是由二价铁的引入所导致。
采用荧光光谱图(PL)了解样品的电子-空穴对复合情况,如图2所示:0.05MCNFe、0.1MCNFe、0.2MCNFe样品的主要峰位分别位于462nm、450nm和460nm;随着M-α-FeOOH/g-C3N4摩尔比的增加,PL谱图中信号峰强度越低,则光生电子-空穴对复合率越低,表明磁性针铁矿的改性有利于降低g-C3N4的电荷载流子的复合率。
实施例3g-C3N4/M-α-FeOOH材料对水溶液中铀的吸附
1)考察了不同针铁矿/石墨相氮化碳摩尔比的g-C3N4/M-α-FeOOH磁性复合材料(0.05MCNFe、0.1MCNFe、0.2MCNFe)以及M-α-FeOOH对铀的吸附,结果如图3所示,图3的横坐标表示不同的吸附剂,其中横坐标中的1代表0.05MCNFe,2代表0.1MCNFe,3代表0.2MCNFe,4代表M-α-FeOOH,5代表α-FeOOH;由图可知,与α-FeOOH相比,M-α-FeOOH表现更好的铀吸附能力,这是由于Fe(Ⅱ)的引入导致M-α-FeOOH的表面羟基密度和比表面积增加,零电位降低;随着总铁含量的增加,0.05MCNFe、0.1MCNFe、0.2MCNFe对铀的去除率依次为15.4%、27.7%、63.6%,吸附量也随之增加。材料的比表面积是吸附材料的重要特征参数,直接影响g-C3N4/M-α-FeOOH对铀的吸附性能。根据BET结果显示,随总铁含量增加,比表面积增加,g-C3N4/M-α-FeOOH的活性吸附位点增加;这是由于单独的M-α-FeOOH的比表面积达到了112m2/g,而单独的块状g-C3N4的比表面积只有11m2/g;在黑暗条件下,由于较低的比表面积和表面官能团含量导致g-C3N4对铀的去除率较低。选用吸附效果更好的0.2MCNFe进行后续实验,不特别说明时,后续实验中g-C3N4/M-α-FeOOH表示0.2MCNFe。
2)g-C3N4/M-α-FeOOH材料对水溶液中铀的光催化还原
在pH=5、固液比0.2g/L、暗吸附/光催化温度25℃、吸附时间2h、光催化时间7h、50mL 20mg/L铀溶液的条件下,考察了0.05MCNFe、0.1MCNFe、0.2MCNFe对去除铀的效果,结果如图4所示。
吸附平衡后,体系在LED下照射,材料发生光催化还原作用,表现出对铀的还原能力。这一阶段中可以看出随总铁含量的增加,材料表现出更快的去除速率;反应7h后,0.2MCNFe几乎完全去除了溶液中铀,明显优于0.05MCNFe、0.1MCNFe,3种材料对铀的去除率分别为56.5%、84.1%、99.3%。反应24h后,3种材料对铀的去除率都达到了95%以上。因此,在后续实验中,选用吸附性能和光催化性能相对优越的0.2MCNFe样品进行实验。
实施例4g-C3N4/M-α-FeOOH材料对水溶液中铀的光催化还原
1)固液比对光催化还原铀的影响
在pH=5、50mL 20mg/L、暗吸附/光催化温度25℃、吸附时间2h、光催化时间7h的条件下,考察了不同固液比(0.02、0.1、0.2、0.3g/L)对材料去除铀的影响,结果如图5所示。
在黑暗条件下,复合材料对铀的去除率都随着投加量的增大而升高,对铀的吸附量都随着投加量的增大而降低。当0.2MCNFe固液比在0.02~0.3g/L时,去除率迅速增加;当投加量为0.3g/L时,去除率达到87.6%。随着吸附剂投加量的增加,吸附率增长迅速,这是因为材料的总表面吸附位点增加,这些有效活性位点包括针铁矿上的位点(>FeO—,(>FeO)2—)迅速与铀酰离子或碳酸铀酰离子结合,提高了铀的去除率。在光照条件下,当投加量为0.3g/L时,由于前期材料对铀吸附的贡献很大,此外单位体积内材料产生的光生电子更多,因此光照3h后对铀的去除率就达到了98%以上。而当投加量为0.02g/L和0.1g/L时,经过2h吸附和24h催化还原仍然没有达到理想的铀去除效果。为了更好地研究材料对铀的吸附-还原协同作用,后续实验投加量选择0.2g/L。
2)初始pH对光催化还原铀的影响
在pH=5、50mL 20mg/L、暗吸附/光催化温度25℃、投加量为0.2g/L的条件下,考察了pH(1~7h)对材料去除铀的影响,结果如图6所示。
在7h的光催化阶段,0.2MCNFe对铀的去除率随pH值的增大先升高后降低,当pH=5时,表现出最佳的光催化还原协同去除效果;在pH=4时,材料的催化活性很低,对铀的去除率不到40%。这是由于在酸性条件下,表面质子化的材料与带正电的UO2 2+、(UO2)2OH3+等U(VI)物种间存在静电斥力,阻碍了催化剂与目标物的有效结合;此外,溶液中的H+及被质子化的催化剂表面的H+与U(VI)竞争消耗光生的电子(e-),导致光催化还原活性降低。随着pH增大,静电斥力减小,溶液中H+对光生电子的竞争消耗降低,光催化活性增大、还原效果更好。当pH值大于6时,U(VI)以中性和负电荷离子(主要是UO2CO3 0、(UO2)2CO3(OH)3-)的物种形式存在,与带负电荷的催化剂产生静电排斥,从而降低材料对U(VI)的光还原活性。当初始pH为7和pH为8时,材料经LED灯源光照7h铀的去除率达80%以上,光照24h,溶液中的铀几乎完全被去除。Dai等人采用mGO/g-C3N4处理含铀废水(V=30mL,C0=20mg/L,m=5mg,T=25℃),经过24h LED灯源光照,在pH 7、pH 8条件下对铀的去除率约70%、50%;与之相比,由于本申请前期材料对铀的良好吸附,0.2MCNFe在中性和弱碱性条件下对铀表现出更优异的去除性能。
3)时间的影响
在pH=5、50mL 20mg/L、暗吸附/光催化温度25℃、投加量为0.2g/L、暗吸附2h的条件下,考察了光催化时间(1~7h)对材料去除铀的影响,结果如图7所示。经7h催化还原,溶液中的铀几乎完全去除。
4)初始铀浓度的影响
在pH=5、暗吸附/光催化温度25℃、投加量为0.2g/L的条件下,考察了铀初始浓度(5、20、50、100、200、300mg/L 50mL)对材料去除铀的影响,结果如图8所示。在暗吸附阶段,随铀初始浓度的升高,铀去除率降低,吸附量先升高后趋于平稳。这是由于铀酰离子的增加,提高了吸附质与吸附剂表面有效碰撞几率,有益于0.2MCNFe的活性位点与铀酰离子之间发生反应。在光照7h后,在5~50mg/L铀初始浓度的条件下,铀的去除率均达到98%以上,经过72h光催化,当铀初始浓度为100mg/L时0.2MCNFe对铀去除率达到99%,对铀的处理能力达到539.5mg/g,此时0.2MCNFe对铀初始浓度300mg/L的铀去除率达到了90%,对铀的处理能力达到1355.4mg/g。处理低浓度铀溶液时,材料对铀的吸附贡献很大,5mg/L铀溶液几乎可以完全去除;处理高浓度铀溶液时,材料的光催化还原比吸附除铀的优势更明显。这是由于材料总吸附位点有限,吸附饱和后,材料不再对铀具有吸附作用。
5)共存离子的影响
在实际含铀废水净化或铀提取过程中,存在大量的电解质(如K+、Na+、Cl-、NO3 -等)会影响铀的吸附和催化还原。阳离子可能会占据表面活性位点,而阴离子可能与复合材料表面发生络合反应,干扰铀的去除。因此,在pH=5、50mL 20mg/L、温度25℃、固液比0.2g/L、吸附/光催化时间2h/7h的条件下,考察了环境中普遍存在的阳离子和阴离子对吸附剂去除铀的影响,结果如图9所示。
考察阳离子的影响时,具备相同的阴离子(Cl-),分别是KCl、NaCl、CaCl2、MgCl2,实验结果如图9-a所示;经过7h光照后,溶液中铀几乎完全被去除,表明处于稳定价态的K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+等阳离子对光催化还原铀几乎没有影响,0.2MCNFe材料对铀具有选择性同时保持了很好的光催化活性。
考察阴离子的影响时,具备相同的阳离子(Na+),分别是NaCl、NaNO3、Na2SO4、Na2CO3、NaH2PO4,结果如图9-b所示。经过7h催化还原,Cl-、NO3-、H2PO4 -存在的铀溶液体系中,几乎不影响材料对铀的光催化还原性能,而CO3 2-、SO4 2-的影响却很大。经过24h光照,大部分阴离子存在条件下,铀的去除率达到90%以上,但SO4 2-对铀还原影响最大。经光活化,SO4 2-与羟基自由基(·OH)反应形成的硫酸盐自由基(·SO4 -)具有氧化性,并可能与光生电子(e-)发生反应,不利于U(VI)的催化还原。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种含铀废水中铀的去除方法,包括以下步骤:
将石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料与含铀废水混合暗吸附;
将得到的含铀废水在光照条件下进行光催化;
所述石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将铁盐和亚铁盐的混合溶液与石墨相氮化碳的悬浮液混合,得到混合溶液;
将所述混合溶液与碱液混合,再调节pH后活化,得到沉淀物;
将所述沉淀物烘干,研磨,得到石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的去除方法,其特征在于,所述铁盐为九水合硝酸铁,所述亚铁盐为七水合硫酸亚铁。
3.根据权利要求1所述的去除方法,其特征在于,所述铁盐中的铁离子、亚铁盐中的亚铁离子和所述石墨相氮化碳的摩尔比为:0.01:0.0015:(5~25)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的去除方法,其特征在于,所述碱液为氢氧化钠,所述调节pH至11~13,所述活化温度为50~70℃,时间为48~72h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的去除方法,其特征在于,所述石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料中石墨相氮化碳和磁性针铁矿的摩尔比为1:(0.0005~0.002)。
6.权利要求1~5任一项所述的去除方法,其特征在于,所述石墨相氮化碳的制备方法为:
将三聚氰胺置于坩埚中,在静态空气气氛下以5℃/min的速率加热至500~600℃4~5h,得到石墨相氮化碳。
7.根据权利要求1所述的去除方法,其特征在于,所述含铀废水的pH为5~8,铀的含量为5~300mg/L。
8.根据权利要求1所述的去除方法,其特征在于,所述含铀废水中所述石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的固含量为0.02~0.3g/L。
9.根据权利要求1所述的去除方法,其特征在于,所述光催化的时间为1~7h。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202111048350.1A CN113713754B (zh) | 2021-09-08 | 2021-09-08 | 一种石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法及其应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202111048350.1A CN113713754B (zh) | 2021-09-08 | 2021-09-08 | 一种石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法及其应用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN113713754A CN113713754A (zh) | 2021-11-30 |
CN113713754B true CN113713754B (zh) | 2022-12-27 |
Family
ID=78682487
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202111048350.1A Active CN113713754B (zh) | 2021-09-08 | 2021-09-08 | 一种石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法及其应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN113713754B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115532263B (zh) * | 2022-11-03 | 2024-05-07 | 清华大学 | 一种铁碳复合材料及其辐照制备方法和应用方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109317184A (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-12 | 武汉工程大学 | 双功能β-FeOOH/eg-C3N4复合纳米材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN111018041A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-17 | 南华大学 | 光催化还原处理含铀废水的聚吡咯石墨相氮化碳复合材料制备方法及应用 |
CN113083348A (zh) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-09 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种棒状α-FeOOH/g-C3N4复合材料光催化剂的制备方法 |
CN113318768A (zh) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-08-31 | 北京中环鑫汇科技有限公司 | 一种复合光催化剂及其制备方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-09-08 CN CN202111048350.1A patent/CN113713754B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109317184A (zh) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-12 | 武汉工程大学 | 双功能β-FeOOH/eg-C3N4复合纳米材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN111018041A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-17 | 南华大学 | 光催化还原处理含铀废水的聚吡咯石墨相氮化碳复合材料制备方法及应用 |
CN113083348A (zh) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-09 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种棒状α-FeOOH/g-C3N4复合材料光催化剂的制备方法 |
CN113318768A (zh) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-08-31 | 北京中环鑫汇科技有限公司 | 一种复合光催化剂及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Effective capture of aqueous uranium using a novel magnetic goethite: Properties and mechanism;Tianjiao Jiang等;《Journal of Solid State Chemistry》;20210501;第300卷;摘要,第2.2节,第3.1节 * |
The photocatalytic reduction of U(VI) into U(IV) by ZIF-8/g-C3N4 composites at visible light;Muqing Qiu等;《Environmental Research》;20201028;第196卷;全文 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113713754A (zh) | 2021-11-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Li et al. | A novel stabilized carbon-coated nZVI as heterogeneous persulfate catalyst for enhanced degradation of 4-chlorophenol | |
Zhang et al. | Construction of Bi2O3/CuNiFe LDHs composite and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation of lomefloxacin with persulfate under simulated sunlight | |
Li et al. | Photoconversion of U (VI) by TiO2: an efficient strategy for seawater uranium extraction | |
Shi et al. | Degradation of organic dyes by a new heterogeneous Fenton reagent-Fe2GeS4 nanoparticle | |
Feng et al. | Photocatalytic reduction of Uranium (VI) under visible light with Sn-doped In2S3 microspheres | |
CN109364939B (zh) | 利用生物炭负载铁锰双金属氧化物光芬顿复合材料去除抗生素的方法 | |
US20200048117A1 (en) | Method for removing hexavalent chromium from water bodies by sodium oxalate-modified zero-valent iron | |
Uko et al. | Adsorptive properties of MgO/WO3 nanoadsorbent for selected heavy metals removal from indigenous dyeing wastewater | |
CN110217850B (zh) | 一种光催化降解水体中抗生素的方法 | |
CN112108107B (zh) | 一种砷吸附材料及其制备方法和在水深度脱砷中的应用 | |
Jiao et al. | Recyclable adsorbent of BiFeO3/Carbon for purifying industrial dye wastewater via photocatalytic reproducible | |
Diao et al. | Photocatalytic removal of phenanthrene and algae by a novel Ca-Ag3PO4 composite under visible light: Reactivity and coexisting effect | |
CN109012565A (zh) | 一种掺氮的磁性碳材料吸附去除废水中重金属离子的方法 | |
CN108483612A (zh) | 一种利用还原性有机弱酸强化铁酸铋光催化还原六价铬的方法 | |
Cheng et al. | Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation process of oxytetracycline using mesoporous Fe-TiO2 based on high-resolution mass spectrometry | |
CN113713754B (zh) | 一种石墨相氮化碳/磁性针铁矿复合材料的制备方法及其应用 | |
CN114849748A (zh) | 一种CoS/Ti3C2 MXene复合材料的制备及其应用 | |
CN109621974A (zh) | 一种CuMn2O4/rGO复合材料臭氧催化氧化除污染水处理方法 | |
Yang et al. | Synthesis of Bi 2 WO 6/Na-bentonite composites for photocatalytic oxidation of arsenic (iii) under simulated sunlight | |
Wei et al. | FeOOH quantum dot decorated flower-like WO3 microspheres for visible light driven photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue and acid red-18 | |
Wang et al. | Efficient removal of ciprofloxacin by BiFe1− xCuxO3 for the photo assisted heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate activation | |
CN103578594B (zh) | 一种使用纳米Fe3O4-CeO2材料去除放射性核素的方法 | |
EP2141126A1 (en) | Porous iron oxide, process for producing the same, and method of treating water | |
Bai et al. | Coprecipitation Preparation of Cu/Zn/Al‐Hydrotalcite‐Like Compound for Copper Removal from Electroplating Wastewater | |
Zhang et al. | Activation of ozone by CoFe-LDO-BC heterogeneous catalyst for efficient mineralization of methylene blue: The role of oxygen vacancies and acidic sites |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |