CN113711854A - Morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag with sorghum as main material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag with sorghum as main material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113711854A CN113711854A CN202111054542.3A CN202111054542A CN113711854A CN 113711854 A CN113711854 A CN 113711854A CN 202111054542 A CN202111054542 A CN 202111054542A CN 113711854 A CN113711854 A CN 113711854A
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- morchella
- sorghum
- nutrition bag
- main material
- bag
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- 241000221638 Morchella Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 title claims description 37
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000209072 Sorghum Species 0.000 abstract 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 14
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 240000002769 Morchella esculenta Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000002779 Morchella esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007365 immunoregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
- A01G18/66—Cultivation bags
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention discloses a morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the exogenous nutrition bag is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 to 60 portions of sorghum, 40 to 60 portions of corncob, 1 to 2 portions of lime and 1 to 1.5 portions of gypsum. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a) boiling sorghum in water until the sorghum grains are completely boiled without white cores and the skin is not cracked, and draining; b) pre-wetting treatment is carried out on the corncobs; c) adding corncobs, lime and gypsum into the material obtained in the step a), adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 30-50 parts, uniformly stirring, and filling into a material bag; d) sterilizing the bagged materials. The exogenous nutrition bag provided by the invention can be used for obviously improving the growth speed of morchella mycelium, obviously improving the fruiting effect of morchella, increasing the number of morchella primordia and improving the yield and the fruit body quality of morchella.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, relates to a morel external-aid nutrition bag, and particularly relates to a morel high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Morchella esculenta is a rare edible fungus distributed worldwide, and has a long-standing traditional enjoying effect in the international market due to its tender texture, unique flavor, multiple physiological activities of oxidation resistance, inflammation resistance, bacteria resistance, immunoregulation, tumor resistance and the like, and high edible and medicinal health care functions. The cultivation period of the morchella is short, and the economic value is high, so that the commercial high-yield cultivation technology of the morchella becomes a research hotspot in the field of edible fungi.
The domestication and cultivation research course of the morchella is frustrate, and the domestication and cultivation research course of the morchella is hundreds of years before and after, and until the 80 th 20 th century, the indoor cultivation of the morchella is successfully realized by Mr. Ower of a scientist in the United states, but the technology is not effectively popularized and applied in commercialization. China researchers began to explore the artificial cultivation technology of morel in the early 70 s of the 20 th century, and the edible fungus research institute team in Miyang city, Sichuan province succeeded in the outdoor cultivation technology of morel in 1992. Later, the scientific research institute of forestry in Sichuan province developed a technology of exogenous nutrient bags in 2003, and realized the stable yield of field cultivation of morchella esculenta. Since then, the exogenous nutrition bag technology is rapidly popularized from south to north in China and becomes the core of the commercialized high-yield cultivation technology of morchella in China. The exogenous nutrition bag technology is the most important technical treatment in the production link of the morchella esculenta and is the most important nutrition support for the high yield of the morchella esculenta. The formula of the external-aid nutrition bag and the optimization of the preparation method thereof also become the key of the commercial high-yield cultivation technology of the morchella esculenta.
According to the traditional Morchella exogenous nutrition bag, wheat is used as a core component of a formula, the cooking degree of the wheat in the sterilization process greatly influences the difficulty degree of decomposition and utilization of nutrient substances by Morchella mycelium after the nutrition bag is supplemented by a ridge surface, and part of starch particles in the wheat can absorb water and be gelatinized in the cooking sterilization process to generate saccharides beneficial to utilization of the Morchella mycelium. Researches show that compared with other grains, the wheat has low starch content, is not easy to absorb water and expand in the cooking process, has the water absorption rate of 47-56 percent and the expansion rate of 38-47 percent, and is not beneficial to the rapid decomposition and utilization of the nutrients of the wheat in the nutrition bag by the morchella mycelium.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the sorghum with high water absorption rate, high expansion rate and better cooking property is taken as the main material, so that nutrient supply can be better provided for growth of morchella mycelium; the exogenous nutrition bag provided by the invention can be used for obviously improving the growth speed of morchella mycelium, obviously improving the fruiting effect of morchella, increasing the number of morchella primordia and improving the yield and the fruit body quality of morchella.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
40 to 60 portions of sorghum, 40 to 60 portions of corncob, 1 to 2 portions of lime and 1 to 1.5 portions of gypsum.
The invention further improves the scheme as follows:
a preparation method of a morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material comprises the following steps:
a) boiling sorghum in water until the sorghum grains are completely boiled without white cores and the skin is not cracked, and draining;
b) pre-wetting treatment is carried out on the corncobs;
c) adding corncobs, lime and gypsum into the material obtained in the step a), adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 30% -50%, uniformly stirring, and filling into a material bag;
d) sterilizing the bagged materials to obtain the morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material.
Further, the feed bag is a 12 x 24cm ethylene or propylene strain bag, and the loading amount is 500 g/bag.
Further, the sterilization treatment is sterilization by using an autoclave or sterilization by using a soil steaming stove.
Further, the sterilization by using the autoclave is performed for 2 to 2.5 hours under the pressure of 0.147 MPa.
Further, the sterilization by the soil steaming stove is performed for more than 12 hours at 100 ℃.
The invention further improves the scheme as follows:
a morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material is used for culturing morchella and comprises the following steps:
1) after the morchella strains are sown, hyphae can grow on the surface of a fungus bed in 7-10 days, namely villous hyphae grow out of the surface of a soil layer, and a nutrition bag is placed;
2) when the nutrition bag is placed, a knife tip is used for forming a small opening of 8-10 cm in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the nutrition bag, the opening is contacted with the ground and pressed by force, so that a substrate in the nutrition bag is tightly contacted with morchella hyphae on mushroom beds, 3-4 rows of nutrition bags are placed on each mushroom bed, the space between every two adjacent nutrition bags is 0.4-0.5 m, and the using amount per mu is 4000-5000 bags.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the sorghum is used as a main material, the water absorption rate of the sorghum is up to 67-81% in the cooking sterilization process, the expansion rate of the sorghum is 61-68%, the sorghum is superior to that of wheat, starch granules in the sorghum can better absorb water and be gelatinized after cooking sterilization, and saccharides which are beneficial to decomposition and utilization of morchella mycelium are generated.
The nutrition bag prepared by the method is used for supplying nutrition to the morchella mycelium, so that the morchella mycelium can grow and develop again, the growth speed of the morchella mycelium can be obviously improved, the fruiting effect of morchella is obviously improved, the number of morchella primordia is increased, and the yield and the fruit body quality of morchella are improved.
The nutrition bag disclosed by the invention is suitable in raw materials, low in cost, easy in technical operation, convenient to use and convenient to widely popularize and use.
Detailed Description
Morchella strain: morchella esculenta VI-Meier No. 13, provided by Sansheng Wan GmbH, Shandong;
sorghum, corncob, lime and gypsum are purchased from the Ministry of agricultural and agricultural technology popularization and service of collection and benefit of Huai Yin district Ding of Huai' an city.
Example 1:
1) mixing 55 parts of sorghum, 45 parts of corncobs, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum according to the weight part ratio; wherein, the sorghum is boiled with water until the core is penetrated and the epidermis is not cracked, and then is drained; the corn cob is subjected to pre-wetting treatment.
2) The raw materials are mixed and stirred evenly, and water is added to ensure that the water content of the mixture of the raw material formula is 40 percent.
3) The mixed formulation raw materials were bagged with 12X 24cm ethylene fungal bags, and the bagging amount was 500 g.
4) Sterilizing the bagged nutrition bag, and sterilizing at 100 deg.C under normal pressure for more than 12 hr in a normal pressure sterilizing pot.
5) After sterilization, the nutrition bag is pulled out of the sterilizer and cooled for use.
6) When villous hypha grow out of the surface of the soil layer 7-10 days after the morchella is sown, placing a nutrition bag;
7) when the nutrient bags are placed, a knife tip is used for forming a small opening of 8-10 cm in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the nutrient bag, the opening is contacted with the ground and pressed by force, so that the matrix in the nutrient bags is tightly contacted with morchella mycelium on mushroom beds, 4 rows of nutrient bags are placed on each mushroom bed, the bag spacing is 0.0.5 m, and the dosage per mu is 4000 bags;
example 2:
1) mixing 40 parts of sorghum, 60 parts of corncobs, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum according to the weight percentage; wherein, the sorghum is boiled with water until the core is penetrated and the epidermis is not cracked, and then is drained; the corn cob is subjected to pre-wetting treatment.
The other operations were the same as in example 1.
Example 3:
1) mixing 50 parts of sorghum, 50 parts of corncobs, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum according to the weight percentage; wherein, the sorghum is boiled with water until the core is penetrated and the epidermis is not cracked, and then is drained; the corn cob is subjected to pre-wetting treatment.
The other operations were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1:
1) mixing 40 parts of wheat, 60 parts of corncobs, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum according to the weight percentage; wherein the wheat is boiled with water until the core is penetrated and the epidermis is not cracked, and then is drained; the corn cob is subjected to pre-wetting treatment.
The other operations were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2:
1) mixing 50 parts of wheat, 50 parts of corncobs, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum according to the weight percentage; wherein the wheat is boiled with water until the core is penetrated and the epidermis is not cracked, and then is drained; the corn cob is subjected to pre-wetting treatment.
The other operations were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3:
1) mixing 60 parts of wheat, 40 parts of corncobs, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum according to the weight percentage; wherein the wheat is boiled with water until the core is penetrated and the epidermis is not cracked, and then is drained; the corn cob is subjected to pre-wetting treatment.
The other operations were the same as in example 1.
The cooking characteristics of sorghum and wheat are examined, the results are shown in table 1,
table 1 sorghum wheat cooking characteristics comparison.
The results of examining the growth vigor of hyphae in the outer nutrition bag, the number of primordia, the weight of single mushroom and the yield in the process of planting morchella in the comparative examples 1 to 3 and the examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 2,
table 2 cultivation results comparison.
As can be seen from Table 2, the growth vigor of the morchella mycelia is higher by using the nutrition bag disclosed by the invention, the primordia generation quantity per unit area is improved by 28.6-56.6% compared with a cross control group, the price of the weight of the single mushroom is improved by 8-13.2% compared with that of the control group, and the yield is improved by 36.8-37.5% compared with that of the control group. The nutrition bag provided by the invention can be used for remarkably improving the growth speed of morchella mycelium, remarkably improving the fruiting effect of morchella, increasing the number of morchella primordia, improving the yield and the quality of fruiting bodies of morchella, and being beneficial to commercial morchella planting, improving the yield and increasing the planting benefit.
Claims (7)
1. The morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 to 60 portions of sorghum, 40 to 60 portions of corncob, 1 to 2 portions of lime and 1 to 1.5 portions of gypsum.
2. The method for preparing the morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) boiling sorghum in water until the sorghum grains are completely boiled without white cores and the skin is not cracked, and draining;
b) pre-wetting treatment is carried out on the corncobs;
c) adding corncobs, lime and gypsum into the material obtained in the step a), adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 30% -50%, uniformly stirring, and filling into a material bag;
d) sterilizing the bagged materials to obtain the morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material.
3. The preparation method of the morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the material bag is a 12 x 24cm ethylene or propylene strain bag, and the loading amount is 500 g/bag.
4. The preparation method of the morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the sterilization treatment is sterilization by using an autoclave or sterilization by using a soil steaming stove.
5. The preparation method of the morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the sterilization by using the autoclave is performed for 2 to 2.5 hours under the pressure of 0.147 MPa.
6. The preparation method of the morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the sterilization by the soil steaming stove is carried out for more than 12 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃.
7. The morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag taking sorghum as a main material for culturing morchella as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
1) after the morchella strains are sown, hyphae can grow on the surface of a fungus bed in 7-10 days, namely villous hyphae grow out of the surface of a soil layer, and a nutrition bag is placed;
2) when the nutrition bag is placed, a knife tip is used for forming a small opening of 8-10 cm in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the nutrition bag, the opening is contacted with the ground and pressed by force, so that a substrate in the nutrition bag is tightly contacted with morchella hyphae on mushroom beds, 3-4 rows of nutrition bags are placed on each mushroom bed, the space between every two adjacent nutrition bags is 0.4-0.5 m, and the using amount per mu is 4000-5000 bags.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111054542.3A CN113711854A (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag with sorghum as main material and preparation method and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111054542.3A CN113711854A (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag with sorghum as main material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113711854A true CN113711854A (en) | 2021-11-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202111054542.3A Pending CN113711854A (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Morchella high-yield exogenous nutrition bag with sorghum as main material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN (1) | CN113711854A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104885786A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-09 | 罗金洲 | Artificial cultivation method of morchella conica |
| CN105993590A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-10-12 | 西南科技大学 | Culturing method for sporocarp of Morchella |
| CN107253886A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-10-17 | 上海市农业科学院 | It is a kind of for nutrient bag of hickory chick and preparation method thereof |
| CN107371785A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-11-24 | 杭州千岛湖鑫丰菇业有限公司 | A kind of method of artificial cultivation hickory chick comprehensive utilization |
| CN107879810A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-06 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | A kind of hickory chick Cultivar culture medium and its preparation method and application |
-
2021
- 2021-09-09 CN CN202111054542.3A patent/CN113711854A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104885786A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-09 | 罗金洲 | Artificial cultivation method of morchella conica |
| CN105993590A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-10-12 | 西南科技大学 | Culturing method for sporocarp of Morchella |
| CN107253886A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-10-17 | 上海市农业科学院 | It is a kind of for nutrient bag of hickory chick and preparation method thereof |
| CN107371785A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-11-24 | 杭州千岛湖鑫丰菇业有限公司 | A kind of method of artificial cultivation hickory chick comprehensive utilization |
| CN107879810A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-06 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | A kind of hickory chick Cultivar culture medium and its preparation method and application |
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Application publication date: 20211130 |
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