CN113701495B - 燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法 - Google Patents
燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法，包括平顶型的辊道窑；所述辊道窑顶部的隔焰板上敷设有内衬材料；所述内衬材料通过碱性烧结相结合耐高温刚玉颗粒的高温固相反应法制作而成，其方法步骤为：第一步：按照摩尔比1：1称取硝酸镁和硝酸铝后，将两者溶于去离子水中；第二步：制作胶体状分散液；第三步：将胶体状分散液与经级配处理的刚玉颗粒和碳酸钡粉末充分混合均匀；然后陈化48小时；第四步：成型；第五步：烧结。本发明提供燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法能有效的使内衬材料满足高温热稳定性要求，并能抵抗碱性腐蚀的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及烧结锂电池正极材料燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料领域。
背景技术
在烧结锂电池正极材料时，烧结气氛接触紧密的窑炉内衬材料必须能够抵抗碱性腐蚀，同时还具有良好的高低温循环的抗热震性，这对窑炉材料带来重大挑战，因为高温材料的抗热震性与抗强碱性是互为矛盾的，因此研制一种适应当前锂电动力正极材料工艺体系要求的抗碱性腐蚀的窑炉材料，对正极材料的品质提升和成本控制具有非常重要的作用。设计的碱性烧结相结合耐高温刚玉颗粒的高温固相反应法完美的解决了关于窑炉内存材料的抗强碱性与高温抗热震性相矛盾的问题，实现了窑炉内衬材料高温碱性与高温稳定性不能统一的问题。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法能有效的使内衬材料满足高温热稳定性要求，并能抵抗碱性腐蚀的效果。
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法，包括平顶型的辊道窑；所述辊道窑顶部的隔焰板上敷设有内衬材料；
所述内衬材料通过碱性烧结相结合耐高温刚玉颗粒的高温固相反应法制作而成，其方法步骤为：
第一步：按照摩尔比1：1称取硝酸镁和硝酸铝后，将两者溶于去离子水中；
第二步：制作胶体状分散液；
第三步：将胶体状分散液与经级配处理的刚玉颗粒和碳酸钡粉末充分混合均匀；然后陈化48小时；
第四步：成型；
第五步：烧结。
进一步的，上述步骤二中，所述胶体分散液制作方法为：按硝酸镁和硝酸铝的总量与柠檬酸的摩尔比为3-5：1，称取食品级的柠檬酸晶体，然后将柠檬酸加入上述溶液中搅拌溶解充分，然后将溶解有上述三者物质的溶液加热至80-100℃搅拌保温1-3小时后，得到呈浅黄色的胶体状分散液。
进一步的，所述刚玉颗粒的级配处理的方式为按不同粒径的刚玉颗粒的重量比3-5mm：1-3mm：0.5-1mm：0-0.5mm＝1：2：3：2配比。
进一步的，所述成型是将步骤三中陈化充分的混合料窑炉内衬结构设计捣打成型。
进一步的，所述烧结是将步骤4中的内衬结构半成品置于高温窑炉中，设定升温制度曲线完成制品烧结，获得碱性结合相刚玉质耐高温抗强碱性腐蚀的内衬材料制品。
进一步的，所述辊道窑顶部以及底部分别设置有燃烧室；上下分布的所述燃烧室分别通过隔焰板与辊道窑分隔开；所述燃烧室底部隔焰板上设置有输送转动辊棒；若干所述输送转动辊棒沿辊道窑长度方向间隙平行排列设置，且所述输送转动辊棒轴线与输送方向垂直；所述输送转动辊棒两端伸出于辊道窑，且动力装置的齿轮驱动端分别与输送转动辊棒伸出端驱动连接；所述输送转动辊棒上对应设置锂电池正极材料。
进一步的，所述燃烧室内设置有烧结喷嘴，且所述烧结喷嘴外接有燃气管；正对所述烧结喷嘴另一侧的燃烧室侧壁上设置有助燃风管，所述助燃风管外接有高压风机；可通过燃烧室侧壁助燃风管下方的观火孔查看燃烧情况；所述燃烧室通过排废通道与外接连通；
所述排废通道包括烟管；所述燃烧室分别通过烟管与外接连通，并且辊道窑冷却区对应连通设置烟管；所述冷却区一侧设置有急冷风管；所述冷却区通过急冷风管与外部急冷风机连通；所述冷却区另一侧设置有抽热风管；所述冷却区通过抽热风管与外部抽热风机连通；所述急冷风管出风端向抽热风管进风端之间形成排热通路；所述冷却区顶部的烟管进气端正对于排热通路上，形成T字形分叉排气通路；所述烟管、急冷风管和抽热风管上设置有闸板。
进一步的，所述烟管出风端通过清灰排气装置分路设置；所述清灰排气装置包括转轴和过滤片；所述转轴横向设置于排气管进气端处；所述排气管侧壁的旋转装置与转轴驱动连接；若干所述过滤片环绕固设于转轴侧壁上，且呈半圆型的过滤片直径沿转轴轴线设置；
相邻所述过滤片之间转轴侧壁上设置有振动装置，且所述振动装置驱动端与过滤片驱动连接；所述过滤片滤孔之间侧壁上固设有若干倒刺。
进一步的，所述隔焰板对应辊道窑一侧设置有增强结构；所述增强结构包括摆动片；所述隔焰板对应辊道窑一侧壁上开设有若干扇形槽口；所述摆动片棱边贴合于扇形槽口内，且所述扇形槽口圆心处转动装置与摆动片一端驱动连接；
若干所述输送转动辊棒与辊道窑底部的隔焰板之间形成聚热区；所述输送转动辊棒轴向侧壁上环绕开设有多个凹槽；所述摆动片远离扇形槽口内壁一侧突出于扇形槽口；对应于所述聚热区内的摆动片摆动煽动聚热区内热气扩散开。
进一步的，所述辊道窑顶部内壁隔焰板两侧边下方位置开设有卡槽；所述内衬材料两侧边缘对应卡设于卡槽内；设置于顶部的所述隔焰板底面上间距挖设有若干凹槽，且间距于扇形槽口设置；所述内衬材料贴合面上设置的若干凸点对应适应嵌设于凹槽内。
有益效果：本发明利用燃气替代电能对锂电池正极材料进行烧结，同样烧结温度下，节能增效显著；而通过隔焰板解决了天然气燃烧过程中所余留的有害物质对正极材料的影响；利用隔焰板辐射传导热能，从而满足烧结锂电池正极材料工艺要求；而碱性烧结相结合耐高温刚玉颗粒的高温固相反应法完美的解决了关于窑炉内存材料的抗强碱性与高温抗热震性相矛盾的问题，实现了窑炉内衬材料高温碱性与高温稳定性不能统一的问题，这样使得烧结气氛接触紧密的窑炉内衬材料能够抵抗碱性腐蚀，同时还具有良好的高低温循环的抗热震性。
附图说明
附图1为内衬材料制成方法步骤图；
附图2为辊道窑结构图；
附图3为排废通道结构图；
附图4为清灰排气装置结构图；
附图5为聚热区结构图；
附图6为增强结构图；
附图7为内衬材料结构图。
实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。
如附图1-2：燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法，包括平顶型的辊道窑1；所述辊道窑1顶部的隔焰板2上敷设有内衬材料8；改变传统的拱型顶为平顶型顶。
所述内衬材料8通过碱性烧结相结合耐高温刚玉颗粒的高温固相反应法制作而成，其方法步骤为：第一步：按照摩尔比1：1称取硝酸镁和硝酸铝后，将两者溶于去离子水中；第二步：制作胶体状分散液；第三步：将胶体状分散液与经级配处理的刚玉颗粒和碳酸钡粉末充分混合均匀；然后陈化48小时；第四步：成型；第五步：烧结。
上述步骤二中，所述胶体分散液制作方法为：按硝酸镁和硝酸铝的总量与柠檬酸的摩尔比为3-5：1，称取食品级的柠檬酸晶体，然后将柠檬酸加入上述溶液中搅拌溶解充分，然后将溶解有上述三者物质的溶液加热至80-100℃搅拌保温1-3小时后，得到呈浅黄色的胶体状分散液；以柠檬酸为络合剂、稳定剂，制备了按镁铝尖晶石结构配比的铝镁溶胶体。
所述刚玉颗粒的级配处理的方式为按不同粒径的刚玉颗粒的重量比3-5mm：1-3mm：0.5-1mm：0-0.5mm＝1：2：3：2配比。通过铝镁溶胶作为结合相，同时通过引入碳酸钡作为助熔剂，实现了窑炉内衬材料总体上是碱性状态，同时热膨胀系数又在适宜范围之内，实现了抗强碱腐蚀与抗热震性的统一。
所述成型是将步骤三中陈化充分的混合料窑炉内衬结构设计捣打成型。
所述烧结是将步骤4中的内衬结构半成品置于高温窑炉中，设定升温制度曲线完成制品烧结，获得碱性结合相刚玉质耐高温抗强碱性腐蚀的内衬材料8制品。
以柠檬酸为络合剂、稳定剂，制备了按镁铝尖晶石结构配比的铝镁溶胶体；通过铝镁溶胶作为结合相，同时通过引入碳酸钡作为助熔剂，实现了窑炉内衬材料总体上是碱性状态，同时热膨胀系数又在适宜范围之内，实现了抗强碱腐蚀与抗热震性的统一；
原理阐述：一般来讲，当内衬材料整体处于碱性状态的时候，其热膨胀系数是比较大的，以尖晶石为例，热膨胀系数是超过10/K的，这时候其热震性是比较差的，但是本发明中巧妙的利用可溶性的镁、铝盐通过化学溶胶法实现了镁铝原子级别的分散与结合的溶胶颗粒，通过高温烧结后这些镁铝尖晶石相作为结合相大量分布在颗粒与颗粒的结合处，此时虽然其热膨胀系数还是比价大的，但是因为镁铝尖晶石是原子级别结合，因此其颗粒尺寸是属于纳米级的，这个时候因为热胀冷缩带来的尺寸收缩就可以忽略不计，从而使得整体内衬材料表现出与刚玉材料一样的膨胀收缩尺寸，从而实现了既可以利用镁铝尖晶石来抵抗碱性腐蚀，同时也满足了高温热稳定性的要求。内衬材料层首次出现腐蚀掉渣时间大大增加了，常温抗折强度有效的增强了。
所述辊道窑1顶部以及底部分别设置有燃烧室11；上下分布的所述燃烧室11分别通过隔焰板2分隔开；所述燃烧室11底部隔焰板2上设置有输送转动辊棒121；若干所述输送转动辊棒121沿辊道窑1长度方向间隙平行排列设置，且所述输送转动辊棒121轴线与输送方向垂直；所述输送转动辊棒121两端伸出于辊道窑1，且动力装置的齿轮驱动端分别与输送转动辊棒121伸出端驱动连接；所述输送转动辊棒121上对应设置锂电池正极材料。辊道窑长度为26m-40m；辊道窑内膛宽度为1m-1.5m；辊道窑内膛高度为0.2m-0.3m。
所述燃烧室33内设置有烧结喷嘴111，且所述烧结喷嘴111外接有燃气管；正对所述烧结喷嘴111另一侧的燃烧室11侧壁上设置有助燃风管112，所述助燃风管112外接有高压风机；可通过燃烧室11侧壁助燃风管112下方的观火孔查看燃烧情况；所述燃烧室11通过排废通道4与外接连通。利用燃气替代电能对锂电池正极材料进行烧结，同样烧结温度下，节能增效显著；而通过隔焰板解决了天然气燃烧过程中所余留的有害物质对正极材料的影响；利用隔焰板辐射传导热能，从而满足烧结锂电池正极材料工艺要求。
所述排废通道4包括烟管41；所述燃烧室11分别通过烟管41与外接连通，并且辊道窑1冷却区对应连通设置烟管41；所述冷却区一侧设置有急冷风管5；所述冷却区通过急冷风管5与外部急冷风机连通；所述冷却区另一侧设置有抽热风管6；所述冷却区通过抽热风管6与外部抽热风机连通；所述急冷风管5出风端向抽热风管6进风端之间形成排热通路；所述冷却区顶部的烟管41进气端正对于排热通路上，形成T字形分叉排气通路；所述烟管41、急冷风管5和抽热风管6上设置有闸板；一边冷风降温一边抽走热气，能加快急冷效果和效率，并且急冷却时产生的废气上升后能通过烟管排出，避免影响正极材料的品质；通过闸板的设计能自动控制调节风压温度；达到在辊道窑烧结锂电池正极材料用燃气代替电能加热的方式，进而获得可观的社会效益和商业利益。
所述烟管41出风端通过清灰排气装置31分路设置；所述清灰排气装置31包括转轴311和过滤片312；所述转轴311横向设置于排气管321进气端处；所述排气管321侧壁的旋转装置与转轴311驱动连接；若干所述过滤片312环绕固设于转轴311侧壁上，且呈半圆型的过滤片312直径沿转轴311轴线设置；通过将燃气燃烧产生的有害物质排出，一方面减少产生的有害物质影响燃气的燃烧，另一方面避免对设备造成影响，同时排出处理后，减少对环境的影响。
相邻所述过滤片312之间转轴311侧壁上设置有振动装置，且所述振动装置驱动端与过滤片312驱动连接；所述过滤片312滤孔之间侧壁上固设有若干倒刺。若干倒刺形成空隙便于留住稳定截留的有害物质，之后通过振动抖落，方便处理。过滤片过滤掉废气中的杂质，然后转动并通过振动装置的振动将截留的有害物质抖落到排废管内，然后进行收集处理。
所述隔焰板2对应辊道窑1一侧设置有增强结构7；所述增强结构7包括摆动片71；所述隔焰板2对应辊道窑1一侧壁上开设有若干扇形槽口72；所述摆动片71棱边贴合于扇形槽口72内，且所述扇形槽口72圆心处转动装置与摆动片71一端驱动连接；
若干所述输送转动辊棒121与辊道窑1底部的隔焰板2之间形成聚热区12；所述输送转动辊棒121轴向侧壁上环绕开设有多个凹槽122；所述摆动片71远离扇形槽口72内壁一侧突出于扇形槽口72；对应于所述聚热区12内的摆动片71摆动煽动聚热区12内热气扩散开。隔焰板热传导辐射的热量聚集在隔焰板周边，这样会使烧结通道内热量不均匀，影响整体的烧结效果，扇形槽口能聚集辐射的热量，然后通过摆动片将热量煽动扩散开，增加辐射的热量的扩散，促使热量更均匀的分布到辊道窑内部，提高烧结效果。
所述辊道窑1顶部内壁隔焰板2两侧边下方位置开设有卡槽12a；所述内衬材料8两侧边缘对应卡设于卡槽12a内；并且所述凹槽可以为锯齿状，且凸点可卡设到凹槽内；设置于顶部的所述隔焰板2底面上间距挖设有若干凹槽13，且间距于扇形槽口72设置；所述内衬材料8贴合面上设置的若干凸点21对应适应嵌设于凹槽13内；便于将内衬材料设置在隔焰板上，并保证内衬材料具有良好的稳固性。
根据以上本发明的优选实施案例的揭示，并不受限制，相对于本发明所属领域的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明原理前提的情况下，还能对以上记载的技术方案进行若干的改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法，其特征在于：包括平顶型的辊道窑（1）；所述辊道窑（1）顶部的隔焰板（2）上敷设有内衬材料（8）；
所述辊道窑（1）顶部以及底部分别设置有燃烧室（11）；上下分布的所述燃烧室（11）分别通过隔焰板（2）与辊道窑（1）分隔开；所述燃烧室（11）底部隔焰板（2）上设置有输送转动辊棒（121）；若干所述输送转动辊棒（121）沿辊道窑（1）长度方向间隙平行排列设置，且所述输送转动辊棒（121）轴线与输送方向垂直；所述输送转动辊棒（121）两端伸出于辊道窑（1），且动力装置的齿轮驱动端分别与输送转动辊棒（121）伸出端驱动连接；所述输送转动辊棒（121）上对应设置锂电池正极材料；
所述燃烧室（11）内设置有烧结喷嘴（111），且所述烧结喷嘴（111）外接有燃气管；正对所述烧结喷嘴（111）另一侧的燃烧室（11）侧壁上设置有助燃风管（112），所述助燃风管（112）外接有高压风机；可通过燃烧室（11）侧壁助燃风管（112）下方的观火孔查看燃烧情况；所述燃烧室（11）通过排废通道（4）与外接连通；
所述排废通道（4）包括烟管（41）；所述燃烧室（11）分别通过烟管（41）与外接连通，并且辊道窑（1）冷却区对应连通设置烟管（41）；所述冷却区一侧设置有急冷风管（5）；所述冷却区通过急冷风管（5）与外部急冷风机连通；所述冷却区另一侧设置有抽热风管（6）；所述冷却区通过抽热风管（6）与外部抽热风机连通；所述急冷风管（5）出风端向抽热风管（6）进风端之间形成排热通路；所述冷却区顶部的烟管（41）进气端正对于排热通路上，形成T字形分叉排气通路；所述烟管（41）、急冷风管（5）和抽热风管（6）上设置有闸板；
所述烟管（41）出风端通过清灰排气装置（31）分路设置；所述清灰排气装置（31）包括转轴（311）和过滤片（312）；所述转轴（311）横向设置于排气管（321）进气端处；所述排气管（321）侧壁的旋转装置与转轴（311）驱动连接；若干所述过滤片（312）环绕固设于转轴（311）侧壁上，且呈半圆型的过滤片（312）直径沿转轴（311）轴线设置；
相邻所述过滤片（312）之间转轴（311）侧壁上设置有振动装置，且所述振动装置驱动端与过滤片（312）驱动连接；所述过滤片（312）滤孔之间侧壁上固设有若干倒刺；
所述隔焰板（2）对应辊道窑（1）一侧设置有增强结构（7）；所述增强结构（7）包括摆动片（71）；所述隔焰板（2）对应辊道窑（1）一侧壁上开设有若干扇形槽口（72）；所述摆动片（71）棱边贴合于扇形槽口（72）内，且所述扇形槽口（72）圆心处转动装置与摆动片（71）一端驱动连接；
若干所述输送转动辊棒（121）与辊道窑（1）底部的隔焰板（2）之间形成聚热区（12）；所述输送转动辊棒（121）轴向侧壁上环绕开设有多个凹槽（122）；所述摆动片（71）远离扇形槽口（72）内壁一侧突出于扇形槽口（72）；对应于所述聚热区（12）内的摆动片（71）摆动煽动聚热区（12）内热气扩散开；
所述内衬材料（8）通过碱性烧结相结合耐高温刚玉颗粒的高温固相反应法制作而成，其方法步骤为：
第一步：按照摩尔比1：1称取硝酸镁和硝酸铝后，将两者溶于去离子水中；
第二步：制作胶体状分散液；
第三步：将胶体状分散液与经级配处理的刚玉颗粒和碳酸钡粉末充分混合均匀；然后陈化48小时；
第四步：成型；
第五步：烧结。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法，其特征在于：在第二步中，所述胶体状分散液制作方法为：按硝酸镁和硝酸铝的总量与柠檬酸的摩尔比为3-5：1，称取食品级的柠檬酸晶体，然后将柠檬酸加入溶液中搅拌溶解充分，然后将溶解硝酸镁、硝酸铝和柠檬酸三者物质的溶液加热至80-100℃搅拌保温1-3小时后，得到呈浅黄色的胶体状分散液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法，其特征在于：所述刚玉颗粒的级配处理的方式为按不同粒径的刚玉颗粒的重量比3-5mm：1-3mm：0.5-1mm：0-0.5mm＝1：2：3：2配比。
4.根据权利要求3所述的燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法，其特征在于：所述成型是将步骤三中陈化充分的混合料窑炉内衬结构设计捣打成型。
5.根据权利要求4所述的燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法，其特征在于：所述烧结是将步骤4中的内衬结构半成品置于高温窑炉中，设定升温制度曲线完成制品烧结，获得碱性结合相刚玉质耐高温抗强碱性腐蚀的内衬材料（8）制品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的燃气隔焰辊道窑内腔低膨胀抗强碱性腐蚀材料设计方法，其特征在于：所述辊道窑（1）顶部内壁隔焰板（2）两侧边下方位置开设有卡槽（12a）；所述内衬材料（8）两侧边缘对应卡设于卡槽（12a）内；设置于顶部的所述隔焰板（2）底面上间距挖设有若干凹槽（13），且间距于扇形槽口（72）设置；所述内衬材料（8）贴合面上设置的若干凸点（21）对应适应嵌设于凹槽（13）内。
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