CN113698342B - 一种奥布替尼关键中间体杂环类化合物2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种奥布替尼关键中间体杂环类化合物2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113698342B
CN113698342B CN202111266952.4A CN202111266952A CN113698342B CN 113698342 B CN113698342 B CN 113698342B CN 202111266952 A CN202111266952 A CN 202111266952A CN 113698342 B CN113698342 B CN 113698342B
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徐佩
胡峻
计炜
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Nanjing Hengyuan Technology Development Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种奥布替尼关键中间体杂环类化合物2,6‑二氯烟酸的制备方法,将2,6‑二氯吡啶加入到四氢呋喃中,0‑5℃滴加氯磺酰异氰酸酯,室温反应完全,反应液加入冰水中淬灭。用有机溶剂萃取,有机层减压浓缩得到2,6‑二氯烟腈。加入硫酸和水回流,反应结束后冷却至室温,用氨水调节pH=8‑9,过滤得到2,6‑二氯烟酰胺。加入水中,用10%盐酸水溶液至pH=1‑2,用有机溶剂萃取,有机层用饱和氯化钠洗,有机层减压浓缩得到2,6‑二氯烟酸粗品。加入有机溶剂,搅拌溶解,用碱水调节pH=9‑10,水相用浓盐酸调节pH=1‑2,析出白色产品2,6‑二氯烟酸。本发明合成路线操作简单,适合工业化生产。

Description

一种奥布替尼关键中间体杂环类化合物2,6-二氯烟酸的制备 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种奥布替尼关键中间体杂环类化合物2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法。
背景技术
2,6-二氯烟酸是一种重要的医药中间体,是合成多种具有靶向治疗功效化合物的关键起始原料,其应用前景广阔,市场价值较高。
专利US20170145026A1:中提到2,6-二氯烟酸是具有eIF4a抑制剂功效化合物的关键起始原料。
Figure 974301DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
eIF4A不但与肿瘤的发生发展有着紧密的联系,而且与抗肿瘤候选化合物pateamine A在体内直接结合,是一个潜在的新的肿瘤治疗靶标。
专利WO2016054807A1:具有TrkA激酶抑制剂功效化合物的关键起始原料
Figure 422599DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
原肌球蛋白相关激酶(Trk)家族蛋白激酶抑制剂,可用于治疗疼痛、炎症、癌症、牛皮癣、血栓形成等涉及形成异常或故障或脱髓鞘的或相关的疾病或病症的异常活性的神经生长因子(NGF)的受体-TrkA。
专利CN101915715B:7-炔基-1,8-萘啶酮的衍生物
Figure 858129DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
可以用于治疗和预防癌症和其转移,肿瘤血管发生或者其他的表达VEGFR-3的肿瘤或者涉及血管发生或者淋巴管生成过程的肿瘤。用于治疗和预防由于微生物感染和自身免疫疾病产生的炎症,还或用于治疗罕见的疾病等。
专利WO2020173407:BTK抑制剂
Figure 784497DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Bruton酪氨酸激酶(BTK)是一种重要的介导细胞信号转导的酶,存在于浆细胞,包括B细胞中。B细胞是通过B细胞受体(BCR)被活化的,而BTK在BCR介导的信号通路中起了决定性的作用。B细胞上的BCR被活化后,引起BTK的激活,导致下游的磷脂酶C(PLC)浓度增加,并激活IP3和DAG信号通路。这一信号通路可以促进细胞的增殖、粘附和存活,在B细胞淋巴瘤的发展过程中起重要的作用。
2020年12月25日,诺诚健华公司研发的BTK抑制剂奥布替尼(orelabrutinib)正式获得中国国家药监局(NMPA)批准上市,用于(1)既往至少接受过一种治疗的成人套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)患者;(2)既往至少接受过一种治疗的成人慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)/小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤(SLL)患者。奥布替尼的获批上市,为淋巴瘤患者带来了新的选择和希望。
奥布替尼作为诺诚健华自行研发的新型BTK抑制剂,以其独特的结构优势,提高了激酶选择性,减少了脱靶效应,疗效更好,安全性也更高。2020 ASH大会上,诺诚健华公布了一项在80例难治或复发CLL/SLL中国患者中开展的II期(NCT03493217)临床研究最新结果,经过至少12个周期治疗后,患者ORR达91.3%,其中有10%达到CR。经评估的12个月DOR达77.1%,12个月无进展生存率达81.1%,总生存率达86.3%。与其他BTK抑制剂相比,在相同的治疗周期内,奥布替尼显示出明显更高的CR率。
2,6-二氯烟酸制备过程中的中间体及其衍生化合物同样是重要的医药中间体。
Figure 5393DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)家族是一类丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,能将细胞外信号转导至细胞及核内,通过保守的三级级联反应(MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK)激活转录因子,调节基因表达。该通路存在于大多数细胞中,且与多种细胞功能相关,可参与细胞运动、凋亡、分化及生长增殖等多种生理过程。目前已确定有4条MAPK信号转导通路:细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号通路、c-Jun N端激酶(JNK)/应激活化蛋白(SAPK)信号通路、p38MAPK信号通路和ERK5/大丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(BMK1) 信号通路。ERK信号通路是研究最透彻的通路之一,同样遵循MAPKs的三级酶促级联反应,即RAS(上游激活蛋白)→Raf(MAPKKK)→MEK(MAPKK)→ERK(MAPK)。MEK是Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK 信号转导途径的关键酶,对不同的生长信号调节细胞应答,包括增殖、凋亡、分化和代谢等,研究表明在很多肿瘤发现该信号通路靶点过度激活、突变或者高表达。因此,可以通过抑制MEK激酶活性来控制由Ras-Raf-MEK信号通路异常导致的细胞过度增殖,从而达到治疗肿瘤的目的。由于Ras-Raf-MEK信号异常引起的肿瘤在临床上非常普遍,而且在实体瘤治疗领域存在大量未满足临床需求,因此,MEK抑制剂是治疗针对Ras-Raf-MEK信号通路异常导致的肿瘤治疗药物的研发热点。
Figure 562277DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
专利CN107226805A:BTK抑制剂化合物的起始原料,与上文提到的奥布替尼类似。
目前的合成方法 (CN109485601)是需要使用试剂二异丙基氨基锂,该试剂为强碱性位阻碱,腐蚀性高,对空气和湿度相对较敏感,且反应温度需要控制在-70℃~-80℃,极大的降低了生产过程中的安全系数,对操作人员及环境都有极大的危害。对生产设备及反应条件控制要求极为严苛,使得工业化生产的成本大为增加。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述问题,提供了一种奥布替尼关键中间体杂环类化合物2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案是:
2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法,反应方程式为:
Figure 360468DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
具体步骤为:
(1)将2,6-二氯吡啶加入到四氢呋喃中,控温0~5℃滴加氯磺酰异氰酸酯,室温反应,反应完全后,反应液加入冰水中淬灭。用有机溶剂萃取,有机层减压浓缩至干,得到中间体2,6-二氯烟腈。
(2) 将步骤(1)得到的2,6-二氯烟腈加入硫酸和水,加热回流,反应结束后冷却至室温,滴加氨水调节pH=8~9。过滤,滤饼干燥后得到中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺。
(3) 将步骤(2)得到的2,6-二氯烟酰胺加入水中,滴加10%盐酸水溶液至pH=1~2,用有机溶剂萃取,有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗,萃取出有机层减压浓缩至干,得到2,6-二氯烟酸粗品。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的2,6-二氯烟酸粗品加入有机溶剂,搅拌溶解。用碱水溶液调节pH=9~10,分出水相。水相用浓盐酸调节pH=1~2,析出白色固体,过滤干燥后得到2,6-二氯烟酸。
作为优选的方案,步骤(1)中,2,6-二氯吡啶与四氢呋喃的质量比范围为: 1.0:(3.0~ 5.0)。
作为优选的方案,步骤(1)中,2,6-二氯吡啶与氯磺酰异氰酸酯的摩尔比为1.0:(1.5~2.0)。
作为优选的方案,步骤(1)中,滴加氯磺酰异氰酸酯,反应时间为:10~18小时。
作为优选的方案,步骤(1)中,进行萃取的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯的一种或多种。
作为优选的方案,步骤(2)中,回流反应,反应时间为:1~2小时。
作为优选的方案,步骤(3)中,进行萃取的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯的一种或多种。
作为优选的方案,步骤(4)中,所述的溶剂选自甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯中的一种或多种。
作为优选的方案,步骤(4)中,所用的碱选自氨水、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠中的一种或多种。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明以2,6-二氯吡啶和氯磺酰异氰酸酯为起始原料,制备得到2,6-二氯烟酸的方法,路线合成步骤短、工艺操作简单,所用原料成本低廉,产品收率高、纯度高,易于工业化生产。氯磺酰异氰酸酯反应生成的磺酸可通过导入碱液中吸收中和,对环境无污染。
附图说明
图1:本发明的化学反应方程式。
图2:2,6-二氯烟腈1H NMR检测图。
图3:2,6-二氯烟酰胺1H NMR检测图。
图4:2,6-二氯烟酸1H NMR检测图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例形式对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。下述实施例中所使用的实验方法,如无特殊说明均为常规方法,所用的试剂、方法和设备,如无特殊说明均为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1:
制备2,6-二氯烟酸,按照如下步骤操作:
(1)中间体2,6-二氯烟腈的制备:
将296.0g 2,6-二氯吡啶、1184g四氢呋喃中加入到反应瓶中,搅拌冷却,T=0℃滴加424.6g 氯磺酰异氰酸酯,2,6-二氯吡啶与氯磺酰异氰酸酯的摩尔比为1.0:1.5,温度维持在0~5℃,滴加完毕。继续搅拌反应10~12小时,反应温度保持在25℃左右,TLC检测基本反应完。
反应液缓慢加入到2000g冰水中,滴加温度不超过5℃。滴加结束后,加入乙酸乙酯1000ml×2萃取两次。合并有机层,50℃减压浓缩至干,得到中间体2,6-二氯烟腈398g。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6 ) δ8.552-8.572(d,1H),7.860-7.881(d,1H)。
(2)中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟腈398g加入硫酸100g,水20g,加热回流,反应结束后冷却至室温,滴加氨水调节pH=8~9。过滤,滤饼60℃干燥后得到中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺375g。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6 ) δ7.867,8.097(d,2H),7.996-8.016(d,1H),7.650-7.670(d,1H)。
(3)2,6-二氯烟酸粗品的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟酰胺375g加入1000ml水中,开始滴加10%盐酸水溶液调节pH=1~2,用乙酸乙酯1000ml×2萃取两次,合并有机层,有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液2000ml萃洗,分液,乙酸乙酯层50℃减压浓缩至干,得到2,6-二氯烟酸粗品400g。
(4)2,6-二氯烟酸的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟酸粗品400g加入2000g甲基叔丁基醚溶解,用20%氢氧化钠水溶液调节pH=9~10,分液,水层用盐酸调节pH=1~2,搅拌析晶2hr,过滤。产品50℃鼓风干燥。得到2,6-二氯烟酸360g,收率93.8%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6 ) δ13.956(br,1H),8.287-8.308(d,1H),7.667-7.687(d,1H)。
实施例2:
制备2,6-二氯烟酸,按照如下步骤操作:
(1)中间体2,6-二氯烟腈的制备:
将296.0g 2,6-二氯吡啶、1184g四氢呋喃中加入到反应瓶中,搅拌冷却,T=0℃滴加481.2g 氯磺酰异氰酸酯,2,6-二氯吡啶与氯磺酰异氰酸酯的摩尔比为1.0:1.7,温度维持在0~5℃,滴加完毕。继续搅拌反应10~12小时,反应温度保持在25℃左右,TLC检测基本反应完。
反应液缓慢加入到2000g冰水中,滴加温度不超过5℃。滴加结束后,加入乙酸乙酯1000ml×2萃取两次。合并有机层,50℃减压浓缩至干,得到中间体2,6-二氯烟腈412g。
(2)中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟腈412g加入硫酸100g,水20g,加热回流,反应结束后冷却至室温,滴加氨水调节pH=8~9。过滤,滤饼60℃干燥后得到中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺384g。
(3)2,6-二氯烟酸粗品的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟酰胺384g加入1000ml水中,开始滴加10%盐酸水溶液调节pH=1~2,用乙酸乙酯1000ml×2萃取两次,合并有机层,有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液2000ml萃洗,分液,乙酸乙酯层50℃减压浓缩至干,得到2,6-二氯烟酸粗品423g。
(4)2,6-二氯烟酸的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟酸粗品423g加入2000g甲基叔丁基醚溶解,用20%氢氧化钠水溶液调节pH=9~10,分液,水层用盐酸调节pH=1~2,搅拌析晶2hr,过滤。产品50℃鼓风干燥。得到2,6-二氯烟酸371g,收率96.6%。
实施例3:
制备2,6-二氯烟酸,按照如下步骤操作:
(1)中间体2,6-二氯烟腈的制备:
将296.0g 2,6-二氯吡啶、1184g四氢呋喃中加入到反应瓶中,搅拌冷却,T=0℃滴加566.1g 氯磺酰异氰酸酯,2,6-二氯吡啶与氯磺酰异氰酸酯的摩尔比为1.0:2.0,温度维持在0~5℃,滴加完毕。继续搅拌反应10~12小时,反应温度保持在25℃左右,TLC检测基本反应完。
反应液缓慢加入到2000g冰水中,滴加温度不超过5℃。滴加结束后,加入乙酸乙酯1000ml×2萃取两次。合并有机层,50℃减压浓缩至干,得到中间体2,6-二氯烟腈401g。
(2)中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟腈401g加入硫酸100g,水20g,加热回流,反应结束后冷却至室温,滴加氨水调节pH=8~9。过滤,滤饼60℃干燥后得到中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺381g。
(3)2,6-二氯烟酸粗品的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟酰胺381g加入1000ml水中,开始滴加10%盐酸水溶液调节pH=1~2,用乙酸乙酯1000ml×2萃取两次,合并有机层,有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液2000ml萃洗,分液,乙酸乙酯层50℃减压浓缩至干,得到2,6-二氯烟酸粗品408g左右。
(4)2,6-二氯烟酸的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟酸粗品408g加入2000g甲基叔丁基醚溶解,用20%氢氧化钠水溶液调节pH=9~10,分液,水层用盐酸调节pH=1~2,搅拌析晶2hr,过滤。产品50℃鼓风干燥。得到2,6-二氯烟酸365g,收率95.1%。
从实施例1~3中可以看出,2,6-二氯吡啶与氯磺酰异氰酸酯的摩尔比为反应的关键参数。其中实施例2的2,6-二氯吡啶与氯磺酰异氰酸酯的摩尔比为1.0:1.7,产品收率为96.6%,收率最高,反应效率最好。
实施例4:
制备2,6-二氯烟酸,按照如下步骤操作:
(1)中间体2,6-二氯烟腈的制备:
将296.0g 2,6-二氯吡啶、1480g四氢呋喃中加入到反应瓶中,搅拌冷却,T=0℃滴加566.1g 氯磺酰异氰酸酯,2,6-二氯吡啶与氯磺酰异氰酸酯的摩尔比为1.0:2.0,温度维持在0~5℃,滴加完毕。继续搅拌反应12~14小时,反应温度保持在25℃左右,TLC检测基本反应完。
反应液缓慢加入到2000g冰水中,滴加温度不超过5℃。滴加结束后,加入二氯甲烷1000ml×2萃取两次。合并有机层,50℃减压浓缩至干,得到中间体2,6-二氯烟腈399g。
(2)中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟腈399g加入硫酸100g,水20g,加热回流,反应结束后冷却至室温,滴加氨水调节pH=8~9。过滤,滤饼60℃干燥后得到中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺378g。
(3)2,6-二氯烟酸粗品的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟酰胺378g加入1000ml水中,开始滴加10%盐酸水溶液调节pH=1~2,用二氯甲烷1000ml×2萃取两次,合并有机层,有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液2000ml萃洗,分液,乙酸乙酯层50℃减压浓缩至干,得到2,6-二氯烟酸粗品402g。
(4)2,6-二氯烟酸的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟酸粗品402g加入2000g甲基叔丁基醚溶解,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH=9~10,分液,水层用盐酸调节pH=1~2,搅拌析晶2hr,过滤。产品50℃鼓风干燥。得到2,6-二氯烟酸365g,收率95.1%。
实施例5:
制备2,6-二氯烟酸,按照如下步骤操作:
(1)中间体2,6-二氯烟腈的制备:
将296.0g 2,6-二氯吡啶、888g四氢呋喃中加入到反应瓶中,搅拌冷却,T=0℃滴加424.6g 氯磺酰异氰酸酯,2,6-二氯吡啶与氯磺酰异氰酸酯的摩尔比为1.0:1.5,温度维持在0~5℃,滴加完毕。继续搅拌反应16~18小时,反应温度保持在25℃左右,TLC检测基本反应完。
反应液缓慢加入到2000g冰水中,滴加温度不超过5℃。滴加结束后,加入二氯甲烷1000ml×2萃取两次。合并有机层,50℃减压浓缩至干,得到中间体2,6-二氯烟腈377g。
(2)中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟腈377g加入硫酸100g,水20g,加热回流,反应结束后冷却至室温,滴加氨水调节pH=8~9。过滤,滤饼60℃干燥后得到中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺356g。
(3)2,6-二氯烟酸粗品的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟酰胺356g加入1000ml水中,开始滴加10%盐酸水溶液调节pH=1~2,用乙酸乙酯1000ml×2萃取两次,合并有机层,有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液2000ml萃洗,分液,乙酸乙酯层50℃减压浓缩至干,得到2,6-二氯烟酸粗品386g。
(4)2,6-二氯烟酸的制备:
将2,6-二氯烟酸粗品386g加入2000g甲苯溶解,用氨水/水=1/5 溶液调节pH=9~10,分液,水层用盐酸调节pH=1~2,搅拌析晶2hr,过滤。产品50℃鼓风干燥。得2,6-二氯烟酸352g,收率91.7%。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,依据本发明的技术实质,对以上实施例所作的任何简单的修改、等同替换与改进等,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种奥布替尼关键中间体杂环类化合物2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法,其特征在于:反应方程式为:
Figure 21232DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
具体步骤为:
(1)将2,6-二氯吡啶加入到四氢呋喃中,控温0~5℃滴加氯磺酰异氰酸酯,2,6-二氯吡啶与氯磺酰异氰酸酯的摩尔比为:1.0:(1.5~2.0);室温反应,反应完全后,反应液加入冰水中淬灭;用有机溶剂萃取,有机层减压浓缩至干,得到中间体2,6-二氯烟腈;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的2,6-二氯烟腈加入硫酸和水,加热回流,反应结束后冷却至室温,滴加氨水调节pH=8~9;过滤,滤饼干燥后得到中间体2,6-二氯烟酰胺;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的2,6-二氯烟酰胺加入水中,滴加10%盐酸水溶液至pH=1~2,用有机溶剂萃取,有机层用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗,萃取出有机层减压浓缩至干,得到2,6-二氯烟酸粗品;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的2,6-二氯烟酸粗品加入有机溶剂,搅拌溶解;用碱水溶液调节pH=9~10,分出水相;水相用浓盐酸调节pH=1~2,析出白色固体,过滤干燥后得到2,6-二氯烟酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,2,6-二氯吡啶与四氢呋喃的质量比范围为:1.0:(3.0~5.0)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,滴加氯磺酰异氰酸酯,反应时间为:10~18小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,进行萃取的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,回流反应,反应时间为:1~2小时。
6.根据权利要求1所述的2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,进行萃取的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述的溶剂选自甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的2,6-二氯烟酸的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所用的碱选自氨水、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠中的一种或多种。
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