CN113698178A - 瓷胎与雕漆结合工艺 - Google Patents

瓷胎与雕漆结合工艺 Download PDF

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CN113698178A
CN113698178A CN202010438641.0A CN202010438641A CN113698178A CN 113698178 A CN113698178 A CN 113698178A CN 202010438641 A CN202010438641 A CN 202010438641A CN 113698178 A CN113698178 A CN 113698178A
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朱江
沙力
孙芳
孙杰韵
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Gu'an Chaoyang Biological Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了瓷胎与雕漆结合工艺,包括以下步骤:陶瓷制坯→烧素坯→涂漆处胎体特殊处理→不涂漆处胎体上釉→高温烧制→在胎体保留刷漆处裱夏布→层层髹漆→烤地烘干→在刷漆处绘制图案,用专用雕刻工具进行雕刻→打磨抛光→完成成品。本申请装置对瓷胎表面作的处理,不仅是漆灰裱布的简单工艺处理,而是使材料在温度湿度不同环境下的反复试验形成的一种坚固瓷胎与雕漆结合附着力的技术处理。

Description

瓷胎与雕漆结合工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷领域,具体涉及瓷胎与雕漆结合工艺。
背景技术
古代出土的陶器上有用生漆与矿物色料装饰的器物,其中不少陶器上的漆皮已脱落。陶瓷胎体比较坚硬,胎面光滑,油漆难以长期附着,极容易自行剥落、脱开。所以,历史上采用陶瓷为雕漆内胎的很少,从经验来看,陶胎不比瓷胎更利于制作漆器,从材质上看,陶瓦物较松软,有气孔,有利于漆灰和生漆粘合。但瓷器经过1300摄氏度的高温烧制后表面更为光滑,如果在表面施以漆艺更为不太可能,雕漆是作为漆艺的一种特殊工艺,与彩绘的漆艺有着工艺上的不同,历史上瓷胎为雕漆的器物更为少见,主要是瓷胎表面光滑,雕漆附着在瓷胎上,短时间可以,但经过使用若干年后,还有可能脱落。本发明是为了解决瓷胎与雕漆不脱落的技术。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术中的上述缺陷或不足,期望提供一种瓷胎与雕漆结合工艺。
根据本申请实施例提供的技术方案,瓷胎与雕漆结合工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)陶瓷制胚:
选用龙泉弟窑泥料,经过练泥、揉泥后,将泥团放置在转动的拉坯机上,然后用手抱正抱顺,形成窝泥,再将其拔高,形成坯体,最后在坯体的底部用细线将坯体割下,获得毛坯;
毛坯自然阴干至含水量小于5%,放置到拉坯机上进行手工修坯,达到器型要求的同时预留涂漆部分,涂漆部分深度为0.6cm,经过修整后的毛坯备用;
(2)烧素坯:素烧前,逐件检查毛坯的质量及干燥程度,要求,装炉坯件的含水量小于5%,素烧条件为,温度830℃,时间7小时;
(3)涂漆处坯件处理:素坯烧制完成后,使用液态蜡将其涂漆处进行覆盖;
(4)不涂漆处坯件上釉:
上内釉:将釉水注入到经处理后的坯件内,然后转动坯件倒釉,揩去釉尾,上内釉坯件的含水量小于5%;
上外釉:将坯件浸入釉缸,使釉水浸入至坯件口沿,再将坯体取出釉缸,揩去釉珠,静置坯体,使釉水干燥硬化,然后放到碗桥上,上外釉坯件的含水量在5%以下;
刨底:将坯件的底边釉刨光刷净,坯件底边内端面的底端面位于坯件底边外端面的底端面的下方,且坯件底边内端面的底端面与坯件底边外端面的底端面之间形成的角度为30度-60度;
(5)高温烧制:将上釉后的坯件使用燃气梭式窑进行烧制,釉烧分为以下阶段:
蒸发期:升温至500℃,以每小时100度的升温速度耗时5小时完成;
氧化期:从蒸发期耗时3小时升温至950℃;
保温期:恒温温度为1000℃以下,恒温时间为2小时以上;
还原期:控制升温速度为每小时40度,耗时6小时-7小时,升温至 1239℃后,熄火等待自然冷却后备用;
(6)在坯件保留刷漆处裱夏布:在高温烧制后的坯件表面用生漆灰作为粘合剂将夏布黏贴在坯件保留刷漆处,所述生漆灰包含生漆和土子灰,且生漆与生子灰的比例为2:1,然后将坯件放置在温度为24摄氏度-28摄氏度,湿度为60%-80%的窨房里阴干后备用;
(7)烤地烘干:将刷漆后的坯件放入到恒温烤箱内,恒温烤箱缓慢升温至70度,加温烘烤,令其缓慢干燥固化,其干燥的程度,以用手指甲划过时,出现明显白痕,没有脆感为好;
(8)层层髹漆:采用刷子将天然植物大漆:熟桐油:矿物颜料按 50:50:1的比例混合均匀后涂抹在黏贴在坯件上的夏布上;每天髹涂1-2 遍,髹涂一次后,放入温度在20-28摄氏度,湿度在60-80%的窨房内,4-6 小时后漆层氧化结膜,用手摸一下以不粘手,方可髹涂下一层。这样反复髹层,到需要雕刻的厚度,再对漆层修整齐;
(9)在刷漆处绘制图案:设计师用笔在刷漆处绘制图案;
(10)用专用雕刻工具进行雕刻:雕刻漆层图案,根据不同的图案运用自制的不同的专业雕刻刀具,剔刻花纹;
(11)干燥处理:将雕刻好的坯件放入电烤箱中,电烤箱的温度为80 度;
(12)打磨抛光:使用打磨砂纸对雕刻部位进行打磨抛光;
(13)完成成品:打磨抛光后成品表面打蜡处理,制作完成。
综上所述,本申请的有益效果:本申请装置对瓷胎表面作的处理,不仅是漆灰裱布的简单工艺处理,而是使材料在温度湿度不同环境下的反复试验形成的一种坚固瓷胎与雕漆结合附着力的技术处理。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明,而非对该发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,实施例中仅示出了与发明相关的部分。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考实施例来详细说明本申请。
瓷胎与雕漆结合工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)陶瓷制胚:
选用龙泉弟窑泥料,经过练泥、揉泥后,将泥团放置在转动的拉坯机上,然后用手抱正抱顺,形成窝泥,再将其拔高,形成坯体,最后在坯体的底部用细线将坯体割下,获得毛坯;
毛坯自然阴干至含水量小于5%,放置到拉坯机上进行手工修坯,达到器型要求的同时预留涂漆部分,涂漆部分深度为0.6cm,经过修整后的毛坯备用;
(2)烧素坯:素烧前,逐件检查毛坯的质量及干燥程度,要求,装炉坯件的含水量小于5%,素烧条件为,温度830℃,时间7小时;
(3)涂漆处坯件处理:素坯烧制完成后,使用液态蜡将其涂漆处进行覆盖,使用液态蜡将其涂漆处进行覆盖,使釉水无法吸附坯件,液态蜡在完成釉烧后会完全燃尽,没有杂质残留;
(4)不涂漆处坯件上釉:
上内釉:将釉水注入到经特殊处理后的坯件内,然后转动坯件倒釉,揩去釉尾,上内釉坯件的含水量小于5%;
上外釉:将坯件浸入釉缸,使釉水浸入至坯件口沿,壶类坯件先闭住壶嘴,防止外釉流入,再将坯体取出釉缸,揩去釉珠,静置坯体,使釉水干燥硬化,然后放到碗桥上,上外釉坯件的含水量在5%以下;
刨底:将坯件的底边釉刨光刷净,坯件底边内端面的底端面位于坯件底边外端面的底端面的上方,且坯件底边内端面的底端面与坯件底边外端面的底端面之间形成的角度为30-60度;
(5)高温烧制:将上釉后的坯件使用燃气梭式窑进行烧制,釉烧分为以下阶段:
蒸发期:升温至500℃,以每小时100度的升温速度耗时5小时完成,在蒸发期主要蒸发掉坯体中残存水分;
氧化期:从蒸发期耗时3小时升温至950℃,在氧化期主要是烧去釉中的有机物;
保温期:恒温温度为1000℃以下,恒温时间为2小时以上,主要使窑内温度均衡;
还原期:控制升温速度为每小时40度,耗时6小时-7小时,升温至 1239℃后,熄火等待自然冷却后备用,使高价金属元素还原为低价金属元素而发色,然后熄火后等待自然冷却后备用;
(6)在坯件保留刷漆处裱夏布:在高温烧制后的坯件表面用生漆灰作为粘合剂将夏布黏贴在坯件保留刷漆处,所述生漆灰包含生漆和土子灰,且生漆与生子灰的比例为2:1,然后将坯件放置在温度为24摄氏度-28摄氏度,湿度为60%-80%的窨房里阴干后备用;
(7)层层髹漆:采用刷子将天然植物大漆:熟桐油:矿物颜料按 50:50:1的比例混合均匀后涂抹在黏贴在坯件上的夏布上;
(8)烤地烘干:将刷漆后的坯件放入到恒温烤箱内,恒温烤箱缓慢升温至70度,加温烘烤,令其缓慢干燥固化,其干燥的程度,以用手指甲划过时,出现明显白痕,没有脆感为好,在烘干过程中,用刀割破少量夏布,使得生漆灰在干燥过程中膨胀的气体能顺着开气口释放出去;
(9)在刷漆处绘制图案:设计师用专业的毛笔或白色水笔在厚漆层处绘制图案;
(10)用专用雕刻工具进行雕刻:雕刻漆层图案,根据不同的图案运用自制的不同的专业雕刻刀具,剔刻花纹,此步骤为艺术加工主要步骤;
(11)干燥处理:将雕刻好的坯件放入电烤箱中,电烤箱的温度为80 度;
(12)打磨抛光:使用打磨砂纸对雕刻部位进行打磨抛光;
(13)完成成品:打磨抛光后成品表面打蜡处理,制作完成。
实施例1:瓷胎与雕漆结合工艺的步骤(6)中可以使用914粘合剂替代生漆灰,与生漆灰的效果相同。
914粘合剂,是一种快速粘合胶,主要成分为环氧树脂和新型胺类固化剂,这种粘合剂无色透明、低粘度、不可燃性液体,单一成分、无溶剂,稍有刺激味、易挥发、挥发气具弱摧泪性。遇潮湿水气即被催化,迅速合固化粘着。固化后无毒。这种粘合剂粘合在瓷器表面在常温环境下两小时凝固,会牢固的附着在瓷器表面。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理等方案的说明。同时,本申请中所涉及的发明范围,并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案,同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下,由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。

Claims (1)

1.瓷胎与雕漆结合工艺,其特征是:包括以下步骤:
(1)陶瓷制胚:
选用龙泉弟窑泥料,经过练泥、揉泥后,将泥团放置在转动的拉坯机上,然后用手抱正抱顺,形成窝泥,再将其拔高,形成坯体,最后在坯体的底部用细线将坯体割下,获得毛坯;
毛坯自然阴干至含水量小于5%,放置到拉坯机上进行手工修坯,达到器型要求的同时预留涂漆部分,涂漆部分深度为0.6cm,经过修整后的毛坯备用;
(2)烧素坯:素烧前,逐件检查毛坯的质量及干燥程度,要求,装炉坯件的含水量小于5%,素烧条件为,温度830℃,时间7小时;
(3)涂漆处坯件处理:素坯烧制完成后,使用液态蜡将其涂漆处进行覆盖;
(4)不涂漆处坯件上釉:
上内釉:将釉水注入到经处理后的坯件内,然后转动坯件倒釉,揩去釉尾,上内釉坯件的含水量小于5%;
上外釉:将坯件浸入釉缸,使釉水浸入至坯件口沿,再将坯体取出釉缸,揩去釉珠,静置坯体,使釉水干燥硬化,然后放到碗桥上,上外釉坯件的含水量在5%以下;
刨底:将坯件的底边釉刨光刷净,坯件底边内端面的底端面位于坯件底边外端面的底端面的下方,且坯件底边内端面的底端面与坯件底边外端面的底端面之间形成的角度为30度-60度;
(5)高温烧制:将上釉后的坯件使用燃气梭式窑进行烧制,釉烧分为以下阶段:
蒸发期:升温至500℃,以每小时100度的升温速度耗时5小时完成;
氧化期:从蒸发期耗时3小时升温至950℃;
保温期:恒温温度为1000℃以下,恒温时间为2小时以上;
还原期:控制升温速度为每小时40度,耗时6小时-7小时,升温至1239℃后,熄火等待自然冷却后备用;
(6)在坯件保留刷漆处裱夏布:在高温烧制后的坯件表面用生漆灰作为粘合剂将夏布黏贴在坯件保留刷漆处,所述生漆灰包含生漆和土子灰,且生漆与生子灰的比例为2:1,然后将坯件放置在温度为24摄氏度-28摄氏度,湿度为60%-80%的窨房里阴干后备用;
(7)烤地烘干:将刷漆后的坯件放入到恒温烤箱内,恒温烤箱缓慢升温至70度,加温烘烤,令其缓慢干燥固化,其干燥的程度,以用手指甲划过时,出现明显白痕,没有脆感为好;
(8)层层髹漆:采用刷子将天然植物大漆:熟桐油:矿物颜料按50:50:1的比例混合均匀后涂抹在黏贴在坯件上的夏布上;每天髹涂1-2遍,髹涂一次后,放入温度在20-28摄氏度,湿度在60-80%的窨房内,4-6小时后漆层氧化结膜,用手摸一下以不粘手,方可髹涂下一层。这样反复髹层,到需要雕刻的厚度,再对漆层修整齐;
(9)在刷漆处绘制图案:设计师用笔在刷漆处绘制图案;
(10)用专用雕刻工具进行雕刻:雕刻漆层图案,根据不同的图案运用自制的不同的专业雕刻刀具,剔刻花纹;
(11)干燥处理:将雕刻好的坯件放入电烤箱中,电烤箱条件为温度为80度;
(12)打磨抛光:使用打磨砂纸对雕刻部位进行打磨抛光;
(13)完成成品:打磨抛光后成品表面打蜡处理,制作完成。
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CN109795249A (zh) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-24 江羿 一种竖色雕漆的制作工艺
CN110893737A (zh) * 2019-12-19 2020-03-20 程凌云 一种陶胎漆器的制备方法

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CN1065040A (zh) * 1992-01-18 1992-10-07 潮州市浮洋胜利彩瓷厂 漆雕瓷器生产工艺技术
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