CN113695602B - Heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder laying device and additive manufacturing method - Google Patents
Heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder laying device and additive manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113695602B CN113695602B CN202110958557.6A CN202110958557A CN113695602B CN 113695602 B CN113695602 B CN 113695602B CN 202110958557 A CN202110958557 A CN 202110958557A CN 113695602 B CN113695602 B CN 113695602B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/67—Blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
- B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention provides a heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder spreading device and an additive manufacturing method, wherein the heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder spreading device comprises a controller and a lathe bed, the top of the lathe bed is fixedly connected with a circular support frame, a workbench is arranged inside the circular support frame, a forming cavity is formed in the center of the workbench, three adjacent powder conveying cavities and three adjacent recovery cavities are uniformly formed in the periphery of the forming cavity on the workbench, the three powder conveying cavities and the three recovery cavities are arranged in a central symmetry mode relative to the forming cavity, a circular ring support driven by a power device I is connected to the top of the circular support frame in a sliding mode, an annular plate is fixedly connected to the top of the circular ring support, and a powder scraping plate driven by a power device II is arranged inside the annular plate. The additive manufacturing method adopting the powder spreading device can realize the integrated additive manufacturing of the heterogeneous material parts with complex shapes with high efficiency and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder laying device and an additive manufacturing method, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing.
Background
With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, the requirements on the comprehensive performance of parts are higher and higher, and the parts made of single materials are difficult to meet the requirements; or even if the performance of a certain material is ideal, the economic cost is high, and the material is not suitable for being generally applied in engineering. Therefore, in order to make the parts have good mechanical properties and service life and reduce economic cost, the heterogeneous parts composed of materials with different characteristics are more and more widely applied.
Heretofore, the manufacture of heterogeneous material parts has mainly used mechanical joining techniques such as caulking, bolting, rolling, etc., and manufacturing techniques such as welding, bonding, etc. Mechanical connection production efficiency is low, the technological operation is complicated, the leakproofness is poor, can not realize the combination of heterogeneous material high strength moreover, in addition, mechanical connection generally adopts the overlap joint structure, extravagant raw and other materials, is unfavorable for the structure lightweight. The welding technology can realize metallurgical bonding of heterogeneous metal materials, but is limited by the structural size, shape and assembly requirements of parts and welding manufacturing technology methods, and has the problems of great difference of physical properties (melting point, density, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient and the like) of heterogeneous metal materials, easy formation of brittle intermetallic compounds, intersolubility and the like, and great difficulty exists in manufacturing the heterogeneous metal material parts with complex shapes and high performance requirements by adopting the welding technology. The bonding technology is a process for realizing effective connection by utilizing mechanical bonding force, physical adsorption force and chemical bonding force generated between the structural adhesive and the connected heterogeneous material. However, due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between different materials, the heterogeneous materials are connected together, and the problems of solidification deformation, degumming and the like occur, so that the mechanical properties of the heterogeneous materials are restricted.
The selective laser additive manufacturing technology carries out additive manufacturing by laser melting or sintering powder materials and stacking layer by layer, can accurately regulate and control material components, energy input, manufacturing precision and the like, realizes different components and performances of different parts of a part, further realizes the integrated design and manufacturing of material-structure-function, and has special advantages in manufacturing heterogeneous materials. Therefore, the development of equipment and technology for selective laser additive manufacturing of the heterogeneous material is beneficial to promoting the application of high-performance heterogeneous material parts with complex shapes in the fields of aviation, aerospace, mechanical equipment, medical treatment and the like, and has important practical value and wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder laying device and an additive manufacturing method.
The scheme is realized by the following technical measures: a heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder paving device comprises a controller and a lathe bed, wherein the top of the lathe bed is fixedly connected with a circular support frame, a workbench is arranged in the circular support frame, a forming cavity is formed in the center of the workbench, three powder feeding cavities which are adjacently arranged and three recovery cavities which are adjacently arranged are uniformly formed in the periphery of the forming cavity on the workbench, the three powder feeding cavities and the three recovery cavities are arranged in a central symmetry mode about the forming cavity, the top of the circular support frame is connected with a circular support which is driven by a power device I in a sliding mode, the top of the circular support is fixedly connected with a circular plate, a powder scraping plate which is driven by a power device II is arranged in the circular plate, the powder scraping plate advances in the direction from the powder feeding cavity to the recovery cavity, and the front side face of the powder scraping plate is an inwards concave arc face; the central projection of scraping the powder board is located the central line that becomes die cavity, arbitrary one send whitewashed chamber and arbitrary recovery chamber, the single stroke of scraping the powder board is greater than about the biggest distance that becomes die cavity centrosymmetric send whitewashed chamber and retrieve between the chamber, send whitewashed chamber, become die cavity and retrieve the diameter in chamber and equal, the width of scraping the powder board is greater than the diameter that sends whitewashed chamber, becomes die cavity and retrieve the chamber.
Preferably, the position that lies in on the workstation between adjacent powder feeding chamber and the recovery chamber is provided with the reflector panel, the one end inner wall intermediate position that corresponds with powder feeding chamber in the annular slab links firmly the photoelectric switch who corresponds with the reflector panel, photoelectric switch and controller electric connection.
Preferably, the first power device comprises a motor fixedly connected with the lathe bed, the motor is electrically connected with the controller, a driving gear is fixedly connected to the top of the output end of the motor, and the circular ring support is an outer gear meshed with the driving gear.
Preferably, power device two includes the driving motor who links firmly with the outside of annular slab, driving motor and controller electric connection, the inside of annular slab is provided with the lead screw and the guide bar that are parallel to each other, the both ends of guide bar link firmly with the inner wall of annular slab respectively, the one end and the annular slab of lead screw rotate to be connected, the other end links firmly with driving motor's output shaft, driving motor fixed mounting is on the annular slab, the top of scraping the powder board has linked firmly the scraping board support, the one end of scraping the powder board support set up with lead screw threaded connection's screw hole, the other end seted up with guide bar complex through-hole.
Preferably, the sliding connection structure of the circular ring support and the circular ring support frame is as follows: the top of ring shape support frame has linked firmly the ring track, the bottom of ring support evenly links firmly a plurality of and ring track sliding fit's slider.
Preferably, a first piston for controlling molding is arranged in the inner cavity of the molding cavity, a second piston for controlling powder feeding is arranged in the inner cavity of the powder feeding cavity, and a third piston for controlling recovery is arranged in the inner cavity of the recovery cavity.
Preferably, the motor and the driving motor are stepping motors or servo motors.
Preferably, the bottom of the circular ring support is uniformly and fixedly connected with four sliding blocks in sliding fit with the circular ring track.
The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the heterogeneous material selective laser additive by adopting the heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder spreading device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of a part on a computer, converting the three-dimensional model of the part into a format STL and introducing the STL into selective laser melting forming equipment;
s2: respectively putting required aluminum powder, copper powder and steel powder materials into three powder feeding cavities, wherein the aluminum powder, the copper powder and the steel powder are spherical or approximately spherical, the average particle size of the aluminum powder, the average particle size of the copper powder and the average particle size of the steel powder are all 30 micrometers, and the oxygen content of the aluminum powder, the copper powder and the steel powder is lower than 1000ppm;
s3: firstly, forming a steel part, wherein during powder paving, a piston in a powder feeding cavity of steel powder is controlled to move upwards in two directions, a piston in a forming cavity is controlled to move downwards, a driving motor rotates forwards and drives a lead screw to rotate synchronously, so that a powder scraping plate moves along the lead screw and a guide rod, the steel powder is conveyed into the forming cavity through the powder scraping plate, and after the powder scraping plate crosses the forming cavity, the driving motor rotates backwards, so that the powder scraping plate returns back, and the powder scraping plate crosses the forming cavity again;
s4: adjusting laser of a laser to focus, so that the laser melts the steel powder in the molding cavity, wherein the laser wavelength of the laser is 1070 +/-10 nm, the maximum power of the laser is 400w, the diameter of a light spot after the laser is focused is 0.1nm, and the steel powder is molded at the laser power of 250w and the laser scanning speed of 600mm/s under the protection of argon gas to form a steel part in the part;
s5: after the laser is finished, the driving motor rotates forwards to drive the powder scraping plate to move and send the waste materials in the forming cavity into a recovery cavity which is symmetrical to the center of the powder sending cavity of the steel powder, and then the driving motor rotates backwards to drive the powder scraping plate to return to the initial position, so that a powder laying period is finished;
s6: repeating the steps S4 and S5 until the steel part is completely formed;
s7: then, forming of the copper part is carried out: starting a motor, driving a driving gear to rotate by the motor, driving the annular support and the annular plate to rotate by a preset angle until the powder scraping plate reaches a powder feeding cavity of the copper powder, controlling a piston in the powder feeding cavity of the copper powder to move upwards in two directions, controlling a piston in a forming cavity to move downwards, driving the motor to rotate forwards and driving a lead screw to rotate synchronously, so that the powder scraping plate moves along the lead screw and a guide rod, the copper powder is fed into the forming cavity through the powder scraping plate, and after the powder scraping plate passes over the forming cavity, driving the motor to rotate backwards to enable the powder scraping plate to retreat and to pass over the forming cavity again; under the protection of argon, forming copper powder by adopting laser power of 200w and laser scanning speed of 500mm/s to form a copper part in the part; after laser is finished, the driving motor rotates forwards to drive the powder scraping plate to move and send waste materials in the forming cavity into a recovery cavity which is symmetrical to the center of the powder feeding cavity of the copper powder, and then the driving motor rotates backwards to drive the powder scraping plate to return to an initial position, so that a powder laying period is finished;
s8: repeating the step S7 until the copper part is completely molded;
s9: and finally, forming an aluminum part: the motor is started, the motor drives the driving gear to rotate, the driving gear drives the annular support and the annular plate to rotate, when the photoelectric switch detects a corresponding reflection plate, the photoelectric switch feeds a corresponding signal back to the controller, the controller controls the motor to stop rotating, the powder scraping plate reaches the powder feeding cavity of the aluminum powder at the moment, the piston in the powder feeding cavity of the aluminum powder is controlled to move upwards in two directions, the piston in the forming cavity is controlled to move downwards, the driving motor rotates forwards and drives the lead screw to rotate synchronously, the powder scraping plate moves along the lead screw and the guide rod, so that the aluminum powder is fed into the forming cavity through the powder scraping plate, and after the powder scraping plate crosses the forming cavity, the driving motor rotates backwards, the powder scraping plate returns back, and the powder scraping plate crosses the forming cavity again; under the protection of argon, molding aluminum powder by adopting laser power 380w and laser scanning speed of 400mm/s to form an aluminum part in the part; after the laser is finished, the driving motor rotates forwards to drive the powder scraping plate to move and send the waste materials in the forming cavity into a recovery cavity which is symmetrical to the center of the powder sending cavity of the aluminum powder, and then the driving motor rotates backwards to drive the powder scraping plate to return to the initial position, so that a powder laying period is finished;
s10: repeating the step S9 until the aluminum part is completely manufactured;
s11: after the part is cooled, removing the floating powder on the surface to obtain the part;
s12: the motor reverses, the motor drives the driving gear to rotate, the driving gear drives the annular support and the annular plate to rotate, after the photoelectric switch detects the corresponding reflector, the photoelectric switch feeds corresponding signals back to the controller, the controller controls the motor to stop rotating, and at the moment, the powder scraping plate reaches the powder feeding cavity of the steel powder to wait for next operation.
Preferably, the laser is a fiber laser and CO 2 YAG laser or semiconductor laser.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder spreading device can achieve the purposes of quantitative powder taking and automatic powder taking of special-shaped metal through reciprocating motion of the powder scraping plate and rotary motion of the powder scraping plate driven by the annular plate, meets various powder taking requirements, increases free selectivity of equipment function design, and is simple in structure, strong in reliability and wide in applicability. The rotating limit position of the annular plate is provided with a reflecting plate matched with the photoelectric switch, so that automatic control can be realized. The device can realize automatic powder feeding of the special-shaped metal sintering, avoid manual powder replacement and ensure the production efficiency and the process quality. The additive manufacturing method adopting the powder spreading device can realize the design and efficient and high-quality manufacturing of heterogeneous multi-material parts with complex shapes. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention has prominent substantive features and remarkable progress, and the beneficial effects of the implementation are also obvious.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder laying device in the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional structural view of a powder feeding cavity, a forming cavity and a recycling cavity on the workbench in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic distribution diagram of a powder feeding cavity, a forming cavity and a recycling cavity of the heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder laying device.
In the figure, 1, a powder scraping plate, 2, a powder conveying cavity, 3, a piston II, 4, a forming cavity, 5, a piston I, 6, a recovery cavity, 7, a piston III, 8, a workbench, 9, a lathe bed, 10, a circular ring-shaped support frame, 11, a circular ring rail, 12, a circular ring support, 13, a circular ring plate, 14, a screw rod, 15, a powder scraping plate support, 16, a slide block, 17, a guide rod, 18, a driving gear, 19, a motor, 20, a driving motor, 21, a part, 22 and a laser are arranged.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the following explains the present solution by way of specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The utility model provides a heterogeneous material selectivity laser vibration material disk spreads powder device, it includes controller and lathe bed 9, the top of lathe bed 9 has linked firmly ring shape support frame 10, the inside of ring shape support frame 10 is provided with workstation 8, the central point of workstation 8 puts and has seted up shaping chamber 4, the peripheral that lies in shaping chamber 4 on the workstation 8 evenly sets up the powder chamber 2 of sending of three adjacent setting and the recovery chamber 6 of three adjacent setting, and three send powder chamber 2 and three recovery chamber 6 to be central symmetrical about shaping chamber 4 and arrange, be provided with control fashioned piston 5 in the inner chamber of shaping chamber 4, be provided with control in the inner chamber of sending powder chamber 2 and send the piston two 3 of powder, be provided with control piston three 7 of retrieving in the inner chamber of recovery chamber 6. The top sliding connection of ring shape support frame 10 has a ring support 12 by a power device driven, the sliding connection structure of ring support 12 and ring shape support frame 10 is: the top of ring shape support frame 10 has linked firmly ring track 11, the bottom of ring support 12 has evenly linked firmly a plurality of and ring track 11 sliding fit's slider 16, and the bottom of preferred ring support 12 has evenly linked firmly four and ring track 11 sliding fit's slider 16. The smooth and stable rotation of the circular ring support 12 is ensured by the sliding fit of the sliding block 16 and the circular ring track 11.
The top of the circular ring support 12 is fixedly connected with a circular plate 13, the powder scraping plate 1 driven by a power device II is arranged inside the circular plate 13, the front side surface of the powder scraping plate 1 is an inwards concave cambered surface along the advancing direction from the powder feeding cavity 2 to the recovery cavity 6, and the powder scraping plate 1 with the structure can prevent powder from overflowing in the powder feeding process and prevent the forming effect of the part 21 from being influenced by the overflow loss of the powder; scrape the central projection of powder board 1 and be located become die cavity 4, arbitrary one send whitewashed chamber 2 and arbitrary the central connecting line who retrieves chamber 6, the single stroke of scraping powder board 1 is greater than about 4 centrosymmetric send whitewashed chamber 2 and retrieve the maximum distance between the chamber 6 of die cavity, send whitewashed chamber 2, die cavity 4 and retrieve the diameter in chamber 6 and be equal, the width of scraping powder board 1 is greater than send whitewashed chamber 2, die cavity 4 and retrieve the diameter in chamber 6 to guarantee to scrape powder board 1 and can cover completely and send whitewashed chamber 2 and die cavity 4.
The position that lies in between adjacent powder feeding cavity 2 and the recovery chamber 6 on workstation 8 is provided with the reflector panel, the one end inner wall intermediate position that corresponds with powder feeding cavity 2 in the annular plate 13 links firmly the photoelectric switch who corresponds with the reflector panel, photoelectric switch and controller electric connection. Two reflectors between two adjacent powder feeding cavities 2 and a recovery cavity 6 are matched with a photoelectric switch, so that the forward rotation and reverse rotation limit positions of the annular plate 13 can be controlled, and the powder feeding position can be automatically and quickly adjusted.
The first power device comprises a motor 19 fixedly connected with the lathe bed 9, the motor 19 is a stepping motor or a servo motor, the motor 19 is electrically connected with the controller, the top of the output end of the motor 19 is fixedly connected with a driving gear 18, and the circular ring support 12 is an external gear meshed with the driving gear 18. The motor 19 drives the driving gear 18 to rotate forwards or backwards, the driving gear 18 drives the annular support 12 to rotate, and the annular support 12 drives the annular plate 13 and the powder scraping plate 1 to rotate synchronously, so that the conversion of powder feeding positions is realized.
The second power device comprises a driving motor 20 fixedly connected with the outer side of the annular plate 13, the driving motor 20 is a stepping motor or a servo motor, the driving motor 20 is electrically connected with the controller, a lead screw 14 and a guide rod 17 which are parallel to each other are arranged inside the annular plate 13, two ends of the guide rod 17 are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the annular plate 13 respectively, one end of the lead screw 14 is rotatably connected with the annular plate 13, the other end of the lead screw is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor 20, the driving motor 20 is fixedly installed on the annular plate 13, the top of the powder scraping plate 1 is fixedly connected with a powder scraping plate support 15, one end of the powder scraping plate support 15 is provided with a threaded hole connected with the lead screw 14 in a threaded manner, and the other end of the powder scraping plate support is provided with a through hole matched with the guide rod 17. Through 20 corotation or the reversal of drive screw 14 of driving motor, the rotation of screw 14 makes and scrapes whitewashed board 1 and remove along it, scrapes whitewashed board 1 and removes the in-process and carry on spacingly to its other end through guide bar 17, guarantees to scrape the stability that whitewashed board 1 removed.
The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the heterogeneous material selective laser additive by adopting the heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder spreading device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of a part 21 on a computer, converting the three-dimensional model of the part 21 into a format STL and introducing the STL into selective laser melting forming equipment;
s2: respectively putting required aluminum powder, copper powder and steel powder materials into the three powder conveying cavities 2, wherein the aluminum powder, the copper powder and the steel powder are spherical or approximately spherical, the average particle sizes of the aluminum powder, the copper powder and the steel powder are all 30 micrometers, and the oxygen content is lower than 1000ppm;
s3: firstly, forming a steel part, wherein during powder paving, a piston II 3 in a powder feeding cavity 2 of steel powder is controlled to move upwards, a piston I5 in a forming cavity 4 is controlled to move downwards, a driving motor 20 rotates forwards and drives a lead screw 14 to rotate synchronously, so that a powder scraping plate 1 moves along the lead screw 14 and a guide rod 17, the steel powder is fed into the forming cavity 4 through the powder scraping plate 1, and after the powder scraping plate 1 crosses the forming cavity 4, the driving motor 20 rotates backwards, so that the powder scraping plate 1 returns, and the powder scraping plate 1 crosses the forming cavity 4 again;
s4: adjusting the laser of a laser 22 to focus, and melting the laser into the steel powder in the cavity 4, wherein the laser 22 is a fiber laser and CO 2 YAG laser or semiconductor laser, the laser wavelength of the laser 22 is 1070 +/-10 nm, the maximum power of the laser 22 is 400w, the diameter of a laser spot after laser focusing is 0.1nm, and the steel part in the part is formed by adopting the laser power of 250w and the laser scanning speed of 600mm/s under the protection of argon;
s5: after the laser is finished, the driving motor 20 rotates forwards to drive the powder scraping plate 1 to move and send the waste materials in the forming cavity 4 to the recovery cavity 6 which is in central symmetry with the powder feeding cavity 2 of the steel powder, and then the driving motor 20 rotates backwards to drive the powder scraping plate 1 to return to the initial position, so that a powder laying period is finished;
s6: repeating the steps S4 and S5 until the steel part is completely formed;
s7: then, forming of the copper part is carried out: starting a motor 19, driving a driving gear 18 to rotate by the motor 19, driving the ring support 12 and the ring plate 13 to rotate by a preset angle until the powder scraping plate 1 reaches the powder feeding cavity 2 of the copper powder, controlling a piston II 3 in the powder feeding cavity 2 of the copper powder to move upwards, controlling a piston I5 in the forming cavity 4 to move downwards, driving the motor 20 to rotate forwards and drive a lead screw 14 to rotate synchronously, so that the powder scraping plate 1 moves along the lead screw 14 and a guide rod 17, the copper powder is fed into the forming cavity 4 through the powder scraping plate 1, and after the powder scraping plate 1 crosses the forming cavity 4, driving the motor 20 to rotate backwards, so that the powder scraping plate 1 retreats, and the powder scraping plate 1 crosses the forming cavity 4 again; under the protection of argon, forming copper powder by adopting laser power of 200w and laser scanning speed of 500mm/s to form a copper part in the part; after the laser is finished, the driving motor 20 rotates forwards to drive the powder scraping plate 1 to move and send waste materials in the forming cavity 4 to the recovery cavity 6 which is in central symmetry with the powder feeding cavity 2 of the copper powder, and then the driving motor 20 rotates backwards to drive the powder scraping plate 1 to return to the initial position, so that a powder paving period is finished;
s8: repeating the step S7 until the copper part is completely molded;
s9: and finally, forming an aluminum part: starting a motor 19, driving a driving gear 18 to rotate by the motor 19, driving the annular support 12 and the annular plate 13 to rotate by the driving gear 18, feeding a corresponding signal back to a controller by the photoelectric switch after the photoelectric switch detects a corresponding reflector, controlling the motor 19 to stop rotating by the controller, controlling a second piston 3 in a powder feeding cavity 2 of the aluminum powder to move upwards, controlling a first piston 5 in a forming cavity 4 to move downwards, driving a motor 20 to rotate forwards and driving a lead screw 14 to rotate synchronously, so that the powder scraping plate 1 moves along the lead screw 14 and a guide rod 17, the aluminum powder is fed into the forming cavity 4 by the powder scraping plate 1, and after the powder scraping plate 1 crosses the forming cavity 4, driving the motor to rotate backwards, so that the powder scraping plate 1 goes across the forming cavity 4 again; under the protection of argon, molding aluminum powder by adopting laser power 380w and laser scanning speed of 400mm/s to form an aluminum part in the part; after the laser is finished, the driving motor 20 rotates forwards to drive the powder scraping plate 1 to move and send the waste materials in the forming cavity 4 to the recovery cavity 6 which is centrosymmetric to the powder feeding cavity 2 of the aluminum powder, and then the driving motor 20 rotates backwards to drive the powder scraping plate 1 to return to the initial position, so that a powder laying period is finished;
s10: repeating the step S9 until the aluminum part is completely manufactured;
s11: after the part is cooled, removing the floating powder on the surface to obtain the part;
s12: the motor 19 reverses, the motor 19 drives the driving gear 18 to rotate, the driving gear 18 drives the annular support 12 and the annular plate 13 to rotate, after the photoelectric switch detects the corresponding reflector panel, the photoelectric switch feeds corresponding signals back to the controller, the controller controls the motor 19 to stop rotating, and at the moment, the powder scraping plate 1 reaches the powder feeding cavity 2 of the steel powder to wait for the next operation.
Technical features not described in the present invention can be implemented by the prior art, and will not be described herein again. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and variations, modifications, additions and substitutions which are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the invention may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art are also within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heterogeneous material selective laser additive manufacturing powder laying device is characterized in that: the powder scraping machine comprises a controller and a machine body (9), wherein a circular ring-shaped support frame (10) is fixedly connected to the top of the machine body (9), a workbench (8) is arranged inside the circular ring-shaped support frame (10), a forming cavity (4) is formed in the center of the workbench (8), three powder feeding cavities (2) and three recovery cavities (6) which are adjacently arranged are uniformly formed in the periphery of the forming cavity (4) on the workbench (8), the three powder feeding cavities (2) and the three recovery cavities (6) are centrally and symmetrically arranged relative to the forming cavity (4), a circular ring support (12) driven by a power device I is slidably connected to the top of the circular ring-shaped support frame (10), a circular ring plate (13) is fixedly connected to the top of the circular ring support (12), a powder scraping plate (1) driven by a power device II is arranged inside the circular ring plate (13), the powder scraping plate (1) is arranged in the advancing direction of the powder feeding cavity (2) to the recovery cavity (6), and the front side face of the powder scraping plate (1) is an inward concave surface; the central projection of scraping powder board (1) is located one-tenth die cavity (4), arbitrary one send whitewashed chamber (2) and arbitrary the central line of retrieving chamber (6), the single stroke of scraping powder board (1) is greater than about become die cavity (4) central symmetry send whitewashed chamber (2) and retrieve the maximum distance between chamber (6), send whitewashed chamber (2), become die cavity (4) and retrieve the diameter in chamber (6) and equal, the width of scraping powder board (1) is greater than send whitewashed chamber (2), become die cavity (4) and retrieve the diameter in chamber (6).
2. The selective laser additive manufacturing powder laying device for the heterogeneous material according to claim 1, wherein: the utility model discloses a powder feeding device, including workstation (8), one end inner wall intermediate position that is located adjacent powder feeding chamber (2) and retrieves chamber (6) on workstation (8) is provided with the reflector panel, the one end inner wall intermediate position that corresponds with powder feeding chamber (2) in annular plate (13) links firmly the photoelectric switch who corresponds with the reflector panel, photoelectric switch and controller electric connection.
3. The selective laser additive manufacturing powder spreading device for the heterogeneous material according to claim 2, wherein: the first power device comprises a motor (19) fixedly connected with the lathe bed (9), the motor (19) is electrically connected with the controller, a driving gear (18) is fixedly connected to the top of the output end of the motor (19), and the circular ring support (12) is an outer gear meshed with the driving gear (18).
4. The selective laser additive manufacturing powder spreading device for the dissimilar materials according to claim 3, wherein: the utility model discloses a powder scraping device, including power device two, drive motor (20) that link firmly with the outside of annular plate (13), drive motor (20) and controller electric connection, the inside of annular plate (13) is provided with lead screw (14) and guide bar (17) that are parallel to each other, the both ends of guide bar (17) link firmly with the inner wall of annular plate (13) respectively, the one end and the annular plate (13) of lead screw (14) rotate to be connected, the output shaft of the other end and drive motor (20) links firmly, drive motor (20) fixed mounting is on annular plate (13), the top of scraping powder board (1) has linked firmly and has scraped powder board support (15), the one end of scraping powder board support (15) is seted up with screw hole, the other end of lead screw (14) threaded connection seted up with guide bar (17) complex through-hole.
5. The selective laser additive manufacturing powder spreading device for the dissimilar materials according to claim 4, wherein: the sliding connection structure of the circular ring support (12) and the circular ring support (10) is as follows: the top of ring shape support frame (10) has linked firmly ring track (11), the bottom of ring support (12) has evenly linked firmly a plurality of and ring track (11) sliding fit's slider (16).
6. The selective laser additive manufacturing powder laying device for the heterogeneous materials according to claim 5, wherein: a first piston (5) for controlling molding is arranged in the inner cavity of the molding cavity (4), a second piston (3) for controlling powder feeding is arranged in the inner cavity of the powder feeding cavity (2), and a third piston (7) for controlling recovery is arranged in the inner cavity of the recovery cavity (6).
7. The selective laser additive manufacturing powder laying device for the heterogeneous material according to claim 6, wherein: the motor (19) and the driving motor (20) are stepping motors or servo motors.
8. The selective laser additive manufacturing powder spreading device for the heterogeneous material according to claim 7, wherein: the bottom of the circular ring support (12) is evenly fixedly connected with four sliding blocks (16) which are in sliding fit with the circular ring track (11).
9. A method of selective laser additive manufacturing of a heterogeneous material using the device for selective laser additive manufacturing of a powder according to claim 8, characterized by: it comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of a part (21) on a computer, converting the three-dimensional model of the part (21) into a format STL and introducing the STL into selective laser melting forming equipment;
s2: respectively putting required aluminum powder, copper powder and steel powder materials into three powder conveying cavities (2), wherein the aluminum powder, the copper powder and the steel powder are spherical or approximately spherical, the average particle sizes of the aluminum powder, the copper powder and the steel powder are all 30 micrometers, and the oxygen content is lower than 1000ppm;
s3: firstly, forming a steel part, controlling a second piston (3) in a powder feeding cavity (2) of the steel powder to move upwards and controlling a first piston (5) in a forming cavity (4) to move downwards during powder paving, driving a motor (20) to rotate forwards and driving a lead screw (14) to rotate synchronously, so that a powder scraping plate (1) moves along the lead screw (14) and a guide rod (17), thereby conveying the steel powder into the forming cavity (4) through the powder scraping plate (1), driving the motor (20) to rotate backwards after the powder scraping plate (1) passes through the forming cavity (4), so that the powder scraping plate (1) is retracted, and enabling the powder scraping plate (1) to pass through the forming cavity (4) again;
s4: adjusting laser of a laser (22) to focus, enabling the laser to melt steel powder in the molding cavity (4), enabling the laser wavelength of the laser (22) to be 1070 +/-10 nm, enabling the maximum power of the laser (22) to be 400w, enabling the diameter of a laser spot after laser focusing to be 0.1nm, and forming the steel powder at the laser scanning speed of 600mm/s by using the laser power of 250w under the protection of argon gas to form a steel part in the part;
s5: after the laser is finished, the driving motor (20) rotates forwards to drive the powder scraping plate (1) to move and send the waste materials in the forming cavity (4) to the recovery cavity (6) which is in central symmetry with the powder sending cavity (2) of the steel powder, and then the driving motor (20) rotates backwards to drive the powder scraping plate (1) to return to the initial position, so that a powder paving period is finished;
s6: repeating the steps S4 and S5 until the steel part is completely formed;
s7: then, forming of the copper part is carried out: starting a motor (19), driving a driving gear (18) to rotate by the motor (19), controlling a second piston (3) in a powder feeding cavity (2) of the copper powder to move upwards by the driving gear (18) to drive a circular ring support (12) and a circular plate (13) to rotate by a preset angle until a powder scraping plate (1) reaches the powder feeding cavity (2) of the copper powder, controlling a first piston (5) in a forming cavity (4) to move downwards, driving a motor (20) to rotate forwards and driving a lead screw (14) to rotate synchronously, enabling the powder scraping plate (1) to move along the lead screw (14) and a guide rod (17), so that the copper powder is fed into the forming cavity (4) through the powder scraping plate (1), driving the motor (20) to rotate backwards after the powder scraping plate (1) crosses the forming cavity (4), and enabling the powder scraping plate (1) to back to cross the forming cavity (4) again; under the protection of argon, forming copper powder by adopting laser power of 200w and laser scanning speed of 500mm/s to form a copper part in the part; after laser is finished, the driving motor (20) rotates forwards to drive the powder scraping plate (1) to move and send waste materials in the forming cavity (4) to a recovery cavity (6) which is centrosymmetric to the powder sending cavity (2) of the copper powder, and then the driving motor (20) rotates backwards to drive the powder scraping plate (1) to return to an initial position, so that a powder paving period is finished;
s8: repeating the step S7 until the copper part is completely molded;
s9: and finally, forming an aluminum part: starting a motor (19), wherein the motor (19) drives a driving gear (18) to rotate, the driving gear (18) drives a circular ring support (12) and a circular ring plate (13) to rotate, when a corresponding light reflecting plate is detected by a photoelectric switch, the photoelectric switch feeds a corresponding signal back to a controller, the controller controls the motor (19) to stop rotating, the powder scraping plate (1) reaches a powder feeding cavity (2) of the aluminum powder, a second piston (3) in the powder feeding cavity (2) of the aluminum powder is controlled to move upwards, a first piston (5) in a forming cavity (4) is controlled to move downwards, a driving motor (20) rotates forwards and drives a lead screw (14) to rotate synchronously, the powder scraping plate (1) moves along the lead screw (14) and a guide rod (17), the aluminum powder is fed into the forming cavity (4) through the powder scraping plate (1), and after the powder scraping plate (1) crosses the forming cavity (4), the driving motor rotates backwards, the powder scraping plate (1) returns, and the powder scraping plate (1) crosses the forming cavity (4) again; under the protection of argon, molding aluminum powder by adopting laser power 380w and laser scanning speed of 400mm/s to form an aluminum part in the part; after the laser is finished, the driving motor (20) rotates forwards to drive the powder scraping plate (1) to move and send the waste materials in the forming cavity (4) into the recovery cavity (6) which is in central symmetry with the powder sending cavity (2) of the aluminum powder, and then the driving motor (20) rotates backwards to drive the powder scraping plate (1) to return to the initial position, so that a powder paving period is finished;
s10: repeating the step S9 until the aluminum part is completely manufactured;
s11: after the part is cooled, removing the floating powder on the surface to obtain the part;
s12: the motor (19) reverses, the motor (19) drives the driving gear (18) to rotate, the driving gear (18) drives the circular ring support (12) and the circular ring plate (13) to rotate, after the photoelectric switch detects the corresponding reflection plate, the photoelectric switch feeds corresponding signals back to the controller, the controller controls the motor (19) to stop rotating, and at the moment, the powder scraping plate (1) reaches the powder feeding cavity (2) of the steel powder to wait for the next operation.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the laser (22) is a fiber laser and CO 2 YAG laser or semiconductor laser.
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