CN216758172U - Blue light infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device - Google Patents
Blue light infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN216758172U CN216758172U CN202122915769.4U CN202122915769U CN216758172U CN 216758172 U CN216758172 U CN 216758172U CN 202122915769 U CN202122915769 U CN 202122915769U CN 216758172 U CN216758172 U CN 216758172U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a blue light and infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device, which comprises a computer system, a forming cavity and a laser, wherein the computer system is used for generating a laser beam; the laser device includes: the infrared laser, the blue laser, the infrared light collimating lens, the blue light collimating lens, the infrared light dynamic focusing lens, the blue light reflector, the beam combiner and the scanning galvanometer; the infrared laser, the infrared light collimating lens, the infrared light dynamic focusing lens, the beam combiner and the scanning galvanometer are sequentially connected through light paths; the blue laser, the blue collimator, the blue dynamic focusing mirror, the blue reflector, the beam combiner and the scanning galvanometer are connected in sequence through light paths. The utility model adopts a mode that two lasers with different wavelengths are coaxially coupled and output, and adopts short-wavelength blue light to improve the laser absorption rate of the material and reduce the laser power loss; and meanwhile, a light beam with a smaller focused light spot diameter is obtained and is used for high-precision forming work of metal parts.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a blue light and infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device.
Background
The Laser powder bed Melting and forming technology is also called Selective Laser Melting (SLM), uses fine focused Laser spots to directly melt 15-53 μm metal powder to achieve metallurgical bonding, has various advantages of high processing precision, close to 100% density, high surface quality and the like, and is one of important technologies for metal additive manufacturing.
With the development of laser additive manufacturing technology and the expansion of application fields, higher requirements on molding quality are provided for related engineering application. Particularly, with the application of high-reflection material laser additive manufacturing parts, the processing technology of the high-reflection material laser additive manufacturing parts puts new requirements on equipment performance.
The existing commercial laser powder bed melting and molding equipment generally adopts an infrared laser with the wavelength of 1064nm as a light source, and the high-reflectivity material has very high reflectivity to the laser with the wavelength.
The high laser reflectivity makes the powder material unable to obtain enough input energy, and the laser is difficult to continuously melt the metal powder material in the forming process, leads to the generation of defects such as pores, reduces the density of the formed part, and finally seriously influences the comprehensive performance of the formed part.
In addition, when infrared laser is used as an energy source, in order to ensure sufficient input energy, large laser power and low scanning speed are generally required for printing, so that the forming efficiency is low, the manufacturing cost is increased, and energy waste is also caused.
Meanwhile, the diameter of a light spot focused by the infrared laser can still reach 50 micrometers, and a heat affected zone caused by the light spot in the forming process is large, so that powder on the surface of a formed part is adhered, and the forming precision and the surface roughness are affected. Compared with infrared laser, the absorption rate of high-reflectivity materials such as gold, silver and copper on short-wavelength laser is greatly improved, and the absorption rate of pure copper on blue light with the wavelength of 450nm is improved to 65%. The improvement of the absorption rate can obtain enough energy, so that the material is heated uniformly, a stable molten pool is obtained, and the forming quality is obviously improved. Meanwhile, in the existing related blue laser welding experiment, no matter how the surface condition of the copper solid is, the blue laser is beneficial to improving the stable shape of a molten pool, obtaining a smooth welding line without splashes and keeping good conductivity. Furthermore, the increase in absorption rate can significantly reduce energy consumption. Therefore, the method for additive manufacturing by adopting blue/infrared laser is a method with great significance, and solves the additive manufacturing problem of high-reflection materials such as pure copper, silver and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provide a blue light and infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device. The utility model adopts a mode of dual-wavelength laser coaxial coupling output to realize the molding work of different materials on one device, and particularly realizes the application effects of printing work, material preheating and the like of materials with different reflectivity on the same breadth.
The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:
a blue light infrared dual wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device comprises a computer system 1, a forming cavity 11 and a laser;
the laser includes: the device comprises an infrared laser 2, a blue laser 3, an infrared light collimating lens 4, a blue light collimating lens 5, an infrared light dynamic focusing lens 6, a blue light dynamic focusing lens 7, a blue light reflector 8, a beam combiner 9 and a scanning galvanometer 10;
the infrared laser 2, the infrared collimating lens 4, the infrared dynamic focusing lens 6, the beam combiner 9 and the scanning galvanometer 10 are sequentially connected through light paths;
the blue laser 3, the blue collimator 5, the blue dynamic focusing mirror 7, the blue reflector 8, the beam combiner 9 and the scanning galvanometer 10 are connected in sequence through light paths.
The beam combiner 9 is a dichroic mirror, one surface of which is plated with a blue light total reflection film, and the other surface is plated with an infrared light transmission film;
the infrared laser beam penetrates through the beam combiner 9, is refracted by the scanning galvanometer 10 and then acts on a forming area of the forming cavity;
the blue laser beam is refracted to the beam combiner 9 by the blue reflector 8, then refracted into the scanning galvanometer 10 by the beam combiner 9, and finally refracted again by the scanning galvanometer 10 to act on a forming area of the forming cavity.
By adjusting the reflection angles of the beam combiner 9 and the blue light reflector 8, the infrared laser beams and the blue laser beams are incident to the scanning galvanometer 10 in parallel.
The blue light collimator 5 is coaxially connected with the incident light path direction of the blue light dynamic focusing mirror 7, and the blue light reflector 8 is connected with the blue light dynamic focusing mirror 7 through threads; the beam combiner 9 is coaxially connected with the infrared light dynamic focusing lens 6 and the infrared light collimating lens 4 in the direction of a transmitting light path;
and the beam combiner 9 and the blue light reflector 8 are arranged on the upper surface of the molding cavity 11 in parallel.
The blue light reflector 8 is a 45-degree blue light reflector (adopting a blue light total reflection lens).
The forming cavity 11 comprises: a powder spreading vehicle 111, a linear guide rail 112, a powder supply cylinder 113, a forming cylinder 114, a powder recovery bottle 115 and a forming cavity shell 116;
the linear guide rail 112 is arranged on the side wall of the forming cavity, and the powder paving vehicle 111 is driven by the motor to do linear motion on the forming plane, so that the powder material of the powder supply cylinder 113 is paved on the forming plane of the forming cylinder 114;
the powder recovery bottle 115 is positioned on one side of the forming cylinder 114;
the ascending and descending of the molding cylinder 114 and the powder supply cylinder 113 are controlled by the computer system 1.
The blue light and infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing process can be implemented by the following scheme:
the computer system 1 controls whether the laser emits light or not to finish the light emission of a single laser or the simultaneous light emission of double lasers;
after laser emitted by the laser is expanded and shaped by the infrared light collimating lens 4 and the blue light collimating lens 5, the computer system 1 respectively adjusts the positions of the infrared light dynamic focusing lens 6 and the blue light dynamic focusing lens 7 according to the positions of laser focuses with different wavelengths, so that the laser focuses are in a non-defocused state or a defocused state; and by adjusting laser delay parameters, when the infrared laser beams and the blue laser beams work simultaneously, the scanning center positions of the infrared laser beams and the blue laser beams are the same, and synchronous scanning is kept.
The single laser is an infrared laser 2 or a blue laser 3;
twin lasers, here an infrared laser 2 and a blue laser 3;
the utility model can be implemented in the laser additive manufacturing process of the high-reflectivity material through the following scheme:
in the process of high-reflection material laser additive manufacturing, blue laser is expanded and shaped, then is focused into small-spot laser through a blue dynamic focusing lens 7, the focus is made to fall on a molding surface, and the high-reflection material melting molding operation is completed by a scanning vibrating lens 10 according to a set path; meanwhile, after the infrared laser is subjected to beam expanding and shaping, the infrared dynamic focusing lens 6 obtains a positive/negative defocused large-spot light beam on a forming plane according to a corresponding adjusting instruction, and preheats the powder material; in the forming process, the focuses of the blue laser and the infrared laser are located at the same position, and synchronous scanning is kept.
The utility model can be implemented by the following scheme in the process of improving the laser additive manufacturing and forming precision:
in the process of improving the laser additive manufacturing and forming precision, firstly, a computer system 1 controls an infrared laser 2 to output infrared laser, and a blue laser 3 is closed;
after the infrared laser is expanded and shaped, the dynamic infrared focusing lens 6 focuses to enable the focus to fall on a forming surface, and then the scanning galvanometer 10 controls to complete the internal entity scanning forming operation of the part;
subsequently, the infrared laser 2 is turned off; the blue laser 3 is started to output blue laser, and after beam expanding and shaping, the blue dynamic focusing lens 7 focuses to enable the focus to fall on a molding surface; the scanning of the outer contour of the part is finished under the control of the scanning galvanometer 10, so that the quality of the formed surface is improved, and the roughness is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and effects:
1. the utility model integrates the dual-wavelength laser in a light path coupling mode, solves the problem that the high-reflectivity material has high reflection to the laser in the existing laser additive manufacturing technology, and obviously improves the laser additive manufacturing quality of the high-reflectivity material; meanwhile, the utilization rate of laser energy is improved, and energy waste is effectively reduced.
2. The technical scheme of the utility model can complete the synchronous scanning of the dual-wavelength laser in the same breadth, and the large-spot infrared laser is obtained by combining the defocusing control on the infrared laser, thereby realizing the effects of preheating the large-spot laser and melting and forming the small-spot laser, reducing the temperature gradient of a molten pool, reducing the residual stress and improving the forming quality.
3. The laser beam with smaller focused spot diameter is obtained after the short-wavelength laser is focused, so that the accurate forming work of a fine structure is facilitated, the dimensional precision of a formed part is improved, and the surface roughness is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blue light/infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing apparatus according to this embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of infrared light preheating blue light melt molding; in the figure: a is blue laser; b is infrared laser.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a small spot scanning profile; in the figure: a is blue laser; b is infrared laser.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-3. The utility model discloses a blue light and infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device, which comprises a computer system 1, a forming cavity 11 and a laser;
the laser includes: the device comprises an infrared laser 2, a blue laser 3, an infrared light collimating lens 4, a blue light collimating lens 5, an infrared light dynamic focusing lens 6, a blue light dynamic focusing lens 7, a blue light reflector 8, a beam combiner 9 and a scanning galvanometer 10;
the infrared laser 2, the infrared collimating lens 4, the infrared dynamic focusing lens 6, the beam combiner 9 and the scanning galvanometer 10 are sequentially connected through light paths;
the blue laser 3, the blue collimator 5, the blue dynamic focusing mirror 7, the blue reflector 8, the beam combiner 9 and the scanning galvanometer 10 are connected in sequence through light paths.
The beam combiner 9 is a dichroic mirror, one surface of which is plated with a blue light total reflection film, and the other surface is plated with an infrared light transmission film;
the infrared laser beam penetrates through the beam combiner 9, is refracted by the scanning galvanometer 10 and then acts on a forming area of the forming cavity;
the blue laser beam is refracted to the beam combiner 9 by the blue reflector 8, then refracted into the scanning galvanometer 10 by the beam combiner 9, and finally refracted again by the scanning galvanometer 10 to act on a forming area of the forming cavity.
And a dynamic focusing lens is adopted to reduce the beam radiation phenomenon of lasers with different wavelengths after beam combination and realize the superposition of double laser focuses on a forming plane.
By adjusting the reflection angles of the beam combiner 9 and the blue light reflector 8, the infrared laser beams and the blue laser beams are incident to the scanning galvanometer 10 in parallel.
The blue light collimator 5 is coaxially connected with the incident light path direction of the blue light dynamic focusing mirror 7, and the blue light reflector 8 is connected with the blue light dynamic focusing mirror 7 through threads; the beam combiner 9 is coaxially connected with the infrared light dynamic focusing lens 6 and the infrared light collimating lens 4 in the direction of a transmitting light path;
and the beam combiner 9 and the blue light reflector 8 are arranged on the upper surface of the molding cavity 11 in parallel.
The blue light reflector 8 is a 45 ° blue light reflector.
The forming cavity 11 comprises: a powder spreading vehicle 111, a linear guide rail 112, a powder supply cylinder 113, a forming cylinder 114, a powder recovery bottle 115 and a forming cavity shell 116;
the linear guide rail 112 is arranged on the side wall of the forming cavity, and the powder paving vehicle 111 is driven by the motor to do linear motion on the forming plane, so that the powder material of the powder supply cylinder 113 is paved on the forming plane of the forming cylinder 114;
the powder recovery bottle 115 is positioned on one side of the forming cylinder 114;
the ascending and descending of the molding cylinder 114 and the powder supply cylinder 113 are controlled by the computer system 1.
A blue light infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
the computer system 1 controls whether the laser emits light or not to finish the light emission of a single laser or the simultaneous light emission of double lasers;
the single laser is an infrared laser 2 or a blue laser 3;
twin lasers, here an infrared laser 2 and a blue laser 3;
after laser emitted by the laser is expanded and shaped by the infrared light collimating lens 4 and the blue light collimating lens 5 respectively, the computer system 1 respectively adjusts the positions of the infrared light dynamic focusing lens 6 and the blue light dynamic focusing lens 7 according to the positions of laser focuses with different wavelengths, so that the laser focuses are in a non-defocusing state or a defocusing state; and by adjusting laser delay parameters, when the infrared laser beams and the blue laser beams work simultaneously, the scanning center positions of the infrared laser beams and the blue laser beams are the same, and synchronous scanning is kept.
A blue light infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing method comprises a high-reflection material laser additive manufacturing step, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the process of high-reflection material laser additive manufacturing, blue laser is expanded and shaped, then is focused into small-spot laser through a blue dynamic focusing lens 7, the focus is made to fall on a molding surface, and the high-reflection material melting molding operation is completed by a scanning vibrating lens 10 according to a set path; meanwhile, after the infrared laser is subjected to beam expanding and shaping, the infrared dynamic focusing lens 6 obtains a positive/negative defocused large-spot light beam on a forming plane according to a corresponding adjusting instruction, and preheats the powder material; in the forming process, the focuses of the blue laser and the infrared laser are located at the same position, and synchronous scanning is kept.
A blue light infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing method comprises the steps of improving laser additive manufacturing and forming precision, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the process of improving the laser additive manufacturing and forming precision, firstly, a computer system 1 controls an infrared laser 2 to output infrared laser, and a blue laser 3 is closed;
after the infrared laser is expanded and shaped, the dynamic infrared focusing lens 6 focuses to enable the focus to fall on a forming surface, and then the scanning galvanometer 10 controls to complete the internal entity scanning forming operation of the part;
subsequently, the infrared laser 2 is turned off; the blue laser 3 is started to output blue laser, and after beam expanding and shaping, the blue dynamic focusing lens 7 focuses to enable the focus to fall on a molding surface; the scanning of the outer contour of the part is finished under the control of the scanning galvanometer 10, so that the quality of the formed surface is improved, and the roughness is reduced.
As mentioned above, the utility model adopts the mode that two lasers with different wavelengths are output through coaxial coupling, and the adoption of the short-wavelength blue light can improve the laser absorption rate of the material and reduce the laser power loss; and meanwhile, a light beam with a smaller focused light spot diameter is obtained and is used for high-precision forming work of metal parts. Meanwhile, the large-spot light beam can be obtained through the laser additive manufacturing method, the powder material can be preheated in real time in the laser additive manufacturing process, the temperature gradient in the additive manufacturing process is reduced, the residual stress is reduced, and the laser additive manufacturing forming quality is improved.
The utility model can be used for forming different materials by adopting lasers with different wavelengths in the multi-material laser additive manufacturing process, and improves the metallurgical bonding performance of the materials. The utility model effectively improves the laser additive manufacturing and forming quality and enlarges the application range of laser additive manufacturing.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and they are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A blue light and infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device comprises a computer system (1), a forming cavity (11) and a laser; the method is characterized in that:
the laser includes: the device comprises an infrared laser (2), a blue laser (3), an infrared light collimating mirror (4), a blue light collimating mirror (5), an infrared light dynamic focusing mirror (6), a blue light dynamic focusing mirror (7), a blue light reflector (8), a beam combiner (9) and a scanning galvanometer (10);
the infrared laser (2), the infrared light collimating lens (4), the infrared light dynamic focusing lens (6), the beam combiner (9) and the scanning galvanometer (10) are connected in sequence through optical paths;
the blue laser (3), the blue collimator (5), the blue dynamic focusing mirror (7), the blue reflector (8), the beam combiner (9) and the scanning galvanometer (10) are sequentially connected through light paths.
2. The blue-light infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein: the beam combiner (9) is a dichroic mirror, one surface of which is plated with a blue light total reflection film, and the other surface of which is plated with an infrared light transmission film;
the infrared laser beam penetrates through the beam combiner (9), is refracted by the scanning galvanometer (10) and then acts on a forming area of the forming cavity;
the blue laser beam is refracted to the beam combiner (9) by the blue reflector (8), then refracted into the scanning galvanometer (10) by the beam combiner (9), and finally refracted again by the scanning galvanometer (10) to act on a forming area of the forming cavity.
3. The blue-light infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 2, wherein: the infrared laser beams and the blue laser beams are incident to the scanning galvanometer (10) in parallel by adjusting the reflection angles of the beam combiner (9) and the blue light reflector (8).
4. The blue-light infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the blue light collimator (5) is coaxially connected with the incident light path direction of the blue light dynamic focusing mirror (7), and the blue light reflector (8) is connected with the blue light dynamic focusing mirror (7) through threads; the beam combiner (9) is coaxially connected with the infrared light dynamic focusing lens (6) and the infrared light collimating lens (4) in the direction of a transmitting light path;
and the beam combiner (9) and the blue light reflector (8) are arranged on the upper surface of the molding cavity (11) in parallel.
5. The blue-light infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 4, wherein: the blue light reflector (8) is a 45-degree blue light reflector.
6. The blue-light infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device according to claim 5, wherein:
the forming cavity (11) comprises: a powder paving vehicle (111), a linear guide rail (112), a powder supply cylinder (113), a molding cylinder (114), a powder recovery bottle (115) and a molding cavity shell (116);
the linear guide rail (112) is arranged on the side wall of the forming cavity, and the powder paving vehicle (111) is driven by the motor to do linear motion on the forming plane so as to pave the powder material of the powder supply cylinder (113) onto the forming plane of the forming cylinder (114);
the powder recovery bottle (115) is positioned on one side of the forming cylinder (114);
the ascending and descending of the forming cylinder (114) and the powder supply cylinder (113) are controlled by a computer system (1).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114012111A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-02-08 | 华南理工大学 | Blue light and infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114012111A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-02-08 | 华南理工大学 | Blue light and infrared dual-wavelength coaxial composite laser additive manufacturing device and method |
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