CN111347040A - High-precision and high-efficiency double-beam composite laser selective melting forming method and device - Google Patents
High-precision and high-efficiency double-beam composite laser selective melting forming method and device Download PDFInfo
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/368—Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-precision and high-efficiency double-beam composite laser selective melting forming method and a device, comprising the following steps: importing a three-dimensional model of a part to be formed into equipment slicing software; according to the processing requirements, complexity, forming materials and other information of the parts, calibrating positions needing high-precision forming and easy cracking in the three-dimensional model respectively; carrying out layered slicing on the calibrated model to obtain slice file information layer by layer; importing the information of the slice file into forming software of selective laser melting forming equipment, and respectively setting parameters, a corresponding laser and a processing strategy; planning a scanning path by using shaping software; and (3) processing, scanning and forming layer by using double-beam composite laser. Has the following advantages: only one laser is used for processing and forming, so that the requirements of parts on high precision or high efficiency are met; two laser beams are used for emitting light in a time-sharing mode or simultaneously, so that different requirements for processing parts are met flexibly. The applicability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a high-precision and high-efficiency double-beam composite laser selective melting forming method and device.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is a process technology for adding and fusing materials according to a three-dimensional digital model of a product to be processed. The main difference from the traditional processing mode is that the processing is realized by overlapping material layers. The powder-spreading type 3D printing technology is one of the currently mature and major 3D printing and forming technologies. When machining, a layer of material powder is laid evenly on the machining plane, the thickness of the powder often being determined by the machining process. And then, the control system controls the laser to output laser, and the laser scans a processing pattern on the powder layer through the galvanometer. The scanned part is melted and then solidified into a solid together with the part below the powder layer, and the rest part is still in a powder state. The required product is finally formed by continuously melting, solidifying and gradually superposing the powder layers layer by layer.
The invention 201810471192.2 provides a double-beam additive manufacturing method and equipment, wherein one beam of light is used for processing the powder, and the other beam of light is used for heating the powder, so that the temperature gradient can be reduced, the stress in the part can be further reduced, and the processing quality (excellent mechanical property) of the part can be improved. However, the requirements for improving the forming efficiency and forming accuracy cannot be satisfied.
The invention patent 201811416721.5 discloses a dual-beam selective laser melting additive manufacturing method, which is characterized in that two beams of laser are used for printing in tandem, the first laser is used for finely melting the outer contour of powder at low power, the second laser is used for rapidly filling and scanning large spots at high power, and the two beams of laser act together to perform selective laser melting forming, so that the powder forming precision is improved, the forming speed is improved, and the selective laser forming efficiency can be greatly improved. But cannot meet the requirements of improving the processing and forming quality (excellent mechanical property) and processing and forming precision.
The invention patent 201810556384.3 discloses a multi-laser-based selective melting powder real-time preheating system and method, which realizes real-time, rapid, uniform and selective preheating of powder to be processed on the surface of a powder bed through a laser preheating unit with equal-energy distribution laser beams, improves the powder preheating precision, and reduces the energy waste of a preheating system. But cannot meet the requirements of improving the processing efficiency, the processing quality (excellent mechanical property) and the processing and forming precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for improving the forming precision, the forming efficiency and the forming quality by combining light beams with different laser powers and different light spot sizes in order to overcome the defects of the prior art and simultaneously meet the requirements of improving the processing efficiency, the processing quality (excellent mechanical property) and the processing forming precision.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a high-precision and high-efficiency double-beam composite laser selective melting forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, importing the three-dimensional model of the part to be formed into equipment slicing software;
s2, calibrating positions needing high-precision forming and easy cracking in the three-dimensional model according to information such as processing requirements, complexity, forming materials and the like of parts, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps: introducing a three-dimensional model of a part to be processed into graph processing software (such as proE, SolidWorks, Magics and the like), splitting a graph peripheral wheel into a plurality of connected triangular patch structures, selecting positions needing high-precision forming or easy cracking through a mouse, sequentially calibrating and classifying (dividing into three types of high-precision positions, easy cracking positions and high-efficiency forming positions) and classifying grades (each classification can be divided into a plurality of grades according to requirements), and selecting the graphs which are calibrated and classified to carry out subsequent printing strategy planning;
s3, slicing the calibrated model in a layered mode to obtain slice file information layer by layer; importing the information of the slice file into forming software of selective laser melting forming equipment, and respectively setting processing parameters of a fine processing area, processing parameters of a rough processing area, corresponding lasers, processing strategies and the like;
s4, planning the output state of the laser, the forming parameters and the scanning path by using the forming software according to the information of the slice file;
and S5, processing and forming the part by using the double-beam composite laser, and processing and scanning the part layer by layer according to the graph division and the corresponding processing parameters until the part is printed. Can be completed by a single laser or by two lasers together.
Further, in step S2, calibrating the positions of the three-dimensional model that need to be formed with high precision and are prone to cracking, respectively, specifically includes:
and S21, according to the difference of the complexity, the precision requirement and the sensitivity of the material to stress cracking of different positions of the part, the calibrated easy-cracking position and the calibrated high-precision position can be controlled in a grading way, and different processing parameters and forming strategies (namely the selection mode and the scanning sequence of the laser, the planning of the laser scanning path and the like) are respectively set. The specific grading control method comprises the following steps: according to the requirements of easy cracking degree and high precision grade, the printing paper can be respectively classified into 2-5 grades (more grades can be further classified), and the printing paper is printed by different strategies: the position easy to crack can be subjected to temperature gradient control through different laser output powers of the two beams of laser according to grade division, and the high-precision forming area can adjust the proportion of the low-power and small-spot laser beam forming area used for printing the calibration position according to grade division.
Still further, the planning of the laser output state and the shaping parameters by using the shaping software according to the slice information in step S4 specifically includes:
and S41, the requirement of the part to be formed on single performance, high precision or high efficiency is met, and only one high-power large-spot laser is used for high-efficiency machining forming or one low-power small-spot laser is used for high-precision machining forming.
Still further, the planning of the laser output state and the shaping parameters by using the shaping software according to the slice information in step S4 specifically includes:
s42, on the premise of meeting the forming precision of a complex component of a part to be formed, the forming efficiency is greatly improved, two laser beams are used for emitting light in a time-sharing manner, and a high-power large-light-spot is used for carrying out large-area filling scanning on a high-efficiency forming area so as to improve the forming efficiency; and a low-power and small light spot is used for accurately scanning the high-precision forming area so as to ensure the forming precision.
Still further, the planning of the laser output state and the shaping parameters by using the shaping software according to the slice information in step S4 specifically includes:
s43, the risk of part deformation and cracking in the forming process is reduced by the part to be formed, two laser beams are used for emitting light simultaneously, overlapping scanning is carried out, a temperature field with controllable temperature gradient is generated at a spot irradiation position (molten pool area) through laser irradiation intensity and laser energy density generated by the two lasers respectively, and a preheating area and a slow cooling area are formed in the area.
Still further, the forming strategy in step S21 includes the forming strategy of each layer of processing scan in step S5, which specifically includes:
s51, firstly, scanning and filling a high-efficiency forming area by using high-power large-spot laser;
s52, performing low-stress scanning forming on the easy-cracking area by using medium-power and large-light-spot lasers and low-power and small-light-spot lasers in the step S51;
and S53, finally, performing precision scanning forming on the high-precision forming area by using a low-power small-spot laser.
Still further, the selective melting and forming method of the dual-beam composite laser further comprises the following steps:
and S6, taking out the parts and performing corresponding post-processing.
The invention also provides a high-precision and high-efficiency double-beam composite laser selective melting forming device which is characterized by comprising a first laser and a second laser, wherein the light path of the first laser passes through a first beam expanding collimating mirror, then is transmitted through a semi-transparent mirror, then enters a galvanometer for 90-degree angle reflection, and forms a small light spot on a processing plane; the light path of the second laser forms an angle of 90 degrees with the light path of the first laser, the light path of the second laser passes through the second beam expanding collimating mirror, is reflected by the semi-transparent mirror, is coaxial with the converged light of the first laser (two mutually vertical laser beams are compounded), and is reflected by the vibrating mirror to form a large light spot on the processing plane; the small spot formed by the first laser on the work plane is inside the larger spot of the second laser.
Furthermore, the relative positions of the first laser, the first beam expanding collimating lens, the second laser, the second beam expanding collimating lens, the semi-transparent lens and the vibrating lens which are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the two paths of light beams are fixed, and the small light spot of the first laser and the large light spot of the second laser move on the processing plane simultaneously through the swinging of the deflection lens in the direction of X, Y (the direction of X, Y on the plane parallel to the processing plane) in the laser scanning vibrating lens.
The selective melting and forming method and the selective melting and forming device of the double-beam composite laser with high precision and high efficiency have the following advantages:
1. the method comprises the steps of carrying out local calibration and grading on a three-dimensional model of a part to be subjected to additive manufacturing and forming, and extracting positions needing high-precision and high-efficiency forming and positions which are easy to generate stress concentration and cause cracking; in view of the difference of the complexity, the precision requirement and the sensitivity of the material to stress cracking of different positions of the part, the calibrated easy-cracking position and the calibrated high-precision position are controlled in a grading way, different processing parameters and forming strategies are respectively set, and meanwhile, the forming requirement of the additive manufacturing part for improving the processing efficiency, the processing quality (excellent mechanical property) and the processing forming precision is met.
2. The two lasers are used as light sources, and the additive manufacturing part forming processing is carried out in a mode of flexibly selecting either one laser to independently emit light or two lasers to emit light in a time-sharing mode or two lasers to emit light simultaneously according to needs; and the forming requirements of different additive manufacturing processing parts are met.
3. The forming efficiency is improved through high power and large light spots; the forming precision is ensured through low power and small light spots; thereby ensuring the high-efficiency and high-precision forming of the complex component.
4. The two laser beams with different power densities are overlapped in a spot size, the temperature gradient of a molten pool area in the forming process is reasonably regulated and controlled, preheating and slow cooling are formed in the area, the thermal stress is reduced, the deformation and cracking of a formed component can be effectively avoided, and the processing quality (excellent mechanical property) of the complex component is ensured.
In summary, the method, that is, the apparatus, of the present invention extracts, calibrates and classifies the position where the requirement for forming accuracy is high by the three-dimensional model of the part to be processed, and slices in layers according to the calibration result, and the sliced two-dimensional planar scanning path is divided into a high-accuracy forming region, a crack-prone forming region, and a high-efficiency forming region according to the calibration result, and according to the difference of the part forming requirements and the laser output states of the two lasers, the following processing modes can be flexibly adopted:
(1) only one laser is used for processing and forming, so that the single requirement (high precision or high efficiency) of the part is met;
(2) two laser beams are used for emitting light in a time-sharing mode, namely, the light is not emitted at the same time: large-area filling scanning is carried out on the high-efficiency forming area by using high power and large light spots so as to improve the forming efficiency; the low-power and small light spots are used for accurately scanning the high-precision forming area so as to ensure the forming precision, and the forming efficiency is greatly improved on the premise of meeting the forming precision of a complex component;
(3) two lasers are used for emitting light simultaneously, and superposition scanning is carried out: a temperature field with controllable temperature gradient can be generated at the spot irradiation position through the laser irradiation intensity and the laser energy density respectively generated by the two lasers. The light beam with the small light spot (the size is 0.1mm) inside is used for melting and forming, the light beam with the large light spot (the size is 0.4mm) outside is used for preheating and heat preservation in real time, the risks of part deformation and cracking in the forming process are reduced, and the forming quality (namely excellent mechanical property) of a complex component is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of selective melting and forming of a dual-beam composite laser in the selective melting and forming method of a dual-beam composite laser in embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the post-focusing dual-beam combination of the selective melting and shaping method of the dual-beam combined laser of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calibration of the high-precision region with easy cracking of the three-dimensional model of the part to be formed.
The laser device comprises a laser device body, a laser device and a laser device, wherein the laser device body comprises 1-a first laser device, 2-a first beam expanding collimating lens, 3-a second laser device, 4-a second beam expanding collimating lens, 5-a semi-transparent lens, 6-a vibrating lens, 7-small light spots, 8.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
The laser additive manufacturing technology realizes digital forming of parts with complex structures in a mode of layered slicing and layer-by-layer stacking. The slice thickness and the spot size directly influence the forming precision and the forming efficiency of the final part. Generally, the smaller the slice thickness and the smaller the spot, the higher the shaping accuracy and the lower the shaping efficiency, and vice versa.
Aiming at the current situation that the existing selective laser melting forming technology is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of high forming precision, high forming efficiency and high forming quality (namely excellent mechanical property), the invention provides a selective laser melting forming method and a selective laser melting forming device which simultaneously have high precision and high efficiency.
The invention discloses a high-precision and high-efficiency selective melting and forming method of a double-beam composite laser, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, importing the three-dimensional model of the part to be formed into equipment slicing software;
s2, according to information such as processing requirements, complexity and forming materials of parts, carrying out feature extraction on positions (such as peripheral outlines, inner runner structure boundaries, sudden change positions of cantilever structure graph sections and the like) which need high-precision forming and positions which are easy to crack in the three-dimensional model in graph processing software according to the triangular patches of the peripheral outlines, and respectively carrying out calibration and grade determination (respectively divided into 2-5 grades); as shown in fig. 3; the specific method comprises the following steps: introducing a three-dimensional model of a part to be processed into graphic processing software (such as proE, SolidWorks, Magics and the like), splitting a graphic peripheral wheel into a plurality of connected triangular patch structures, and selecting a position needing high-precision forming or easy cracking through a mouse for position calibration; the thin oblique line part in the graph of the slice plan is marked by an easy-cracking position, and the shadow part is marked by a high-precision position; the outer outline part in the graph is marked by an easy-cracking position, and the dotted line part is marked by a high-precision position; classifying the positions of the calibration classification (classified into three types, namely a high-precision position, a cracking-prone position and a high-efficiency forming position) (each classification can be classified into a plurality of grades according to requirements), and selecting the graphs of the calibrated classification and the classified grades to perform subsequent printing strategy planning;
in step S2, the positions of the three-dimensional model that need high-precision forming and are prone to cracking are respectively calibrated, and the method specifically includes:
and S21, according to the difference of the complexity, the precision requirement and the sensitivity of the material to stress cracking of different positions of the part, the calibrated easy-cracking position and the calibrated high-precision position can be controlled in a grading way (respectively divided into 2-5 grades), and different laser selection, processing parameter selection and forming strategies (including scanning path planning) are respectively set. Specifically, the corresponding thickness of the contour needing precision forming in different precisions is set according to grades, and the calibrated high-precision forming area is extended in the direction of a boundary method (towards the inner side of an entity); the specific grading control method comprises the following steps: according to the requirements of easy cracking degree and high precision grade, the printing paper can be respectively classified into 2-5 grades (more grades can be further classified), and the printing paper is printed by different strategies: the position easy to crack can be subjected to temperature gradient control through different laser output powers of the two beams of laser according to grade division, and the high-precision forming area can adjust the proportion of the low-power and small-spot laser beam forming area used for printing the calibration position according to grade division.
S3, slicing the calibrated model in a layered mode to obtain slice file information layer by layer;
s4, planning the output state, the forming parameters and the scanning path of the laser by using the forming software according to the slice information;
in step S4, planning the output state and the forming parameters of the laser by using the forming software according to the slice information, specifically including:
and S41, the requirement of the part to be formed on single performance, high precision or high efficiency is met, and only one high-power large-spot laser is used for high-efficiency machining forming or one low-power small-spot laser is used for high-precision machining forming.
And S5, processing and forming the part by using the double-beam composite laser, and processing and scanning the part layer by layer until the part is printed. In this embodiment, due to the planning in step S41, the part is not machined and formed by using the dual-beam hybrid laser, and only one high-power large-spot laser is used for high-efficiency machining and forming. In another embodiment, a low power small spot laser is used for high precision machining.
Example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that: in step S4, planning the output state and the forming parameters of the laser by using the forming software according to the slice information, specifically including:
s42, on the premise of meeting the forming precision of a complex component of a part to be formed, the forming efficiency is greatly improved, two laser beams emit light in a time-sharing (non-simultaneous) manner, and a high-power large-light-spot filling scanning is carried out on a high-efficiency forming area to improve the forming efficiency; and a low-power and small light spot is used for accurately scanning the high-precision forming area so as to ensure the forming precision.
And S5, processing and forming the part by using the double-beam composite laser, and processing and scanning the part layer by layer until the part is printed. In this embodiment, due to the planning in step S42, two laser beams are used to emit light in a time-sharing manner (at different times), and a high-power large-spot large-area filling scan is performed on a high-efficiency forming region to improve the forming efficiency; and a low-power and small light spot is used for accurately scanning the high-precision forming area so as to ensure the forming precision.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that: in step S4, planning the output state and the forming parameters of the laser by using the forming software according to the slice information, specifically including:
s43, the risk of deformation and cracking of the part in the forming process is reduced by using two laser beams to emit light simultaneously, the two laser beams are overlapped and scanned, a temperature field with controllable temperature gradient is generated at a spot irradiation position (a molten pool area) through laser irradiation intensity and laser energy density generated by the two lasers respectively, and a preheating area and a slow cooling area are formed in the area, so that the thermal stress is reduced, and the deformation and cracking of the formed component can be effectively avoided.
And S5, processing and forming the part by using the double-beam composite laser, and processing and scanning the part layer by layer until the part is printed. In this embodiment, according to the planning of step S43, two laser beams are used to emit light simultaneously, and overlapped scanning is performed, so that a temperature field with controllable temperature gradient is generated at a spot irradiation position (molten pool area) by using the laser irradiation intensity and the laser energy density generated by the two lasers, and a preheating area and a slow cooling area are formed in this area, so as to reduce thermal stress and effectively avoid deformation and cracking of a formed member.
For parts which are easy to deform and crack, the forming area can be synchronously preheated through the medium-power and large-light-spot laser beams, scanning forming is carried out through the low-power and small-light-spot laser beams, the temperature gradient and the thermal stress of the forming area are reduced, and the deformation and the cracking of the parts in the forming process are avoided.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The difference from the embodiment 3 is that: the shaping strategy in step S21 includes that the shaping software is used to plan the laser output state and the shaping parameters according to the slice information in step S4, and specifically includes:
s441, firstly, high-efficiency forming areas are scanned and filled by using high-power and large-spot lasers to improve the forming efficiency;
s442, in the step S441, low-stress scanning forming is carried out on the easy-cracking area by using medium-power, large-light-spot, low-power and small-light-spot lasers so as to improve forming quality (forming low stress is excellent in mechanical property);
and S443, finally, performing precision scanning forming on the high-precision forming area by using a low-power and small-spot laser to improve forming precision.
And S5, processing and forming the part by using the double-beam composite laser, and processing and scanning the part layer by layer until the part is printed. According to the planning of the steps S441-443, in this embodiment, a high-power large-spot laser is first used to scan and fill a high-efficiency forming area to improve the forming efficiency; in step S441, low-stress scanning forming is performed on the region easy to crack by using medium-power, large-spot, low-power, and small-spot lasers, so that the forming quality is improved (low stress, i.e., excellent mechanical properties); and finally, performing precision scanning forming on the high-precision forming area by using low-power and small-spot laser to improve the forming precision.
The double-beam composite laser selective melting forming method further comprises the following steps:
and S6, taking out the parts and performing corresponding post-processing.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 5
As shown in the attached drawing 1, the invention also provides a high-precision and high-efficiency selective melting and forming device for the double-beam composite laser, which is characterized by comprising a first laser and a second laser, wherein the light path of the first laser passes through a first beam expanding collimating mirror, is transmitted by a semi-transparent mirror, and then enters a vibrating mirror for 90-degree angle reflection to form a small spot on a processing plane; the light path of the second laser forms an angle of 90 degrees with the light path of the first laser, the light path of the second laser passes through the second beam expanding collimating mirror, is reflected by the semi-transparent mirror and is coaxial with the converged light of the first laser, namely two laser beams which are vertical to each other are compounded, and then the laser beams are reflected by the vibrating mirror to form a large light spot on a processing plane; the small spot formed on the work plane by the first laser is inside the larger spot of the second laser as shown in figure 2.
The relative positions of the first laser, the first beam expanding collimating lens, the second laser, the second beam expanding collimating lens, the semi-transparent lens and the vibrating lens which are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the two paths of light beams are fixed, and the small light spot of the first laser and the large light spot of the second laser move on a processing plane simultaneously through the swinging of the deflecting lens in the direction of X, Y in the laser scanning vibrating lens.
The processing plane can move on a horizontal plane, so that the small light spot of the first laser and the large light spot of the second laser form tracks on the processing plane (focus plane).
The processing light source of the double-beam composite laser selective melting forming device comprises a 500W continuous fiber laser and a 2000W continuous fiber laser, and the two lasers can be output simultaneously according to the requirement and can also be output in a time-sharing manner.
Laser beams generated by the two lasers are shaped through different optical lens groups and are focused on the same focal plane. Wherein, the focusing spot of the 500W laser is 0.1mm, and the focusing spot of the 2000W laser is 0.4 mm. The two laser beams are coupled by superposition through a group of semi-transparent mirrors (as shown in fig. 1), and finally form concentric composite spots with different spot sizes on a focal plane (as shown in fig. 2).
In the forming process, for the contour part or the solid part needing high-precision forming, a laser with a focusing spot of 0.1mm and the maximum laser power of 500W can be used for single-beam high-precision forming; for parts with low forming precision requirements or parts which need finish machining subsequently, a laser with a focusing spot of 0.4mm and the maximum laser power of 2000W can be used for single-beam high-efficiency forming; when only partial region in the part needs high precision, a laser with a focusing spot of 0.1mm and the maximum laser power of 500W can be used for high-precision forming, and a laser with a focusing spot of 0.4mm and the maximum laser power of 2000W can be used for single-beam high-efficiency forming in the remaining region with low precision requirement; for metal materials with low heat conductivity and easy cracking or metal parts with complex structures and easy stress generation, a laser with a focusing light spot of 0.1mm and the maximum laser power of 500W can be used for single-beam high-precision forming, and a laser with a focusing light spot of 0.4mm and the maximum laser power of 2000W is used for real-time preheating and heat preservation in the forming process, so that the stress is inhibited to reduce the risk of deformation and cracking of a formed member.
Claims (9)
1. A high-precision and high-efficiency double-beam composite laser selective melting forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, importing the three-dimensional model of the part to be formed into equipment slicing software;
s2, calibrating positions needing high-precision forming and easy cracking in the three-dimensional model respectively according to information such as the processing requirements, complexity and forming materials of parts;
s3, slicing the calibrated model in a layered mode to obtain slice file information layer by layer;
s4, planning the output state, the forming parameters and the scanning path of the laser by using the forming software according to the slice information;
and S5, processing and forming the part by using the double-beam composite laser, and processing and scanning the part layer by layer until the part is printed.
2. The double-beam composite laser selective melting forming method of claim 1, wherein the step S2 is performed by calibrating the positions of the three-dimensional model that need high precision forming and are easy to crack respectively, and specifically includes:
and S21, according to the difference of the complexity, the precision requirement and the sensitivity of the material to stress cracking of different positions of the part, the calibrated easy-cracking position and the calibrated high-precision position can be controlled in a grading way, and different processing parameters and forming strategies are respectively set.
3. The dual-beam composite laser selective melting forming method of claim 1, wherein the planning of the laser output state and the forming parameters according to the slice information in step S4 by using the forming software specifically comprises:
and S41, the requirement of the part to be formed on single performance, high precision or high efficiency is met, and only one high-power large-spot laser is used for high-efficiency machining forming or one low-power small-spot laser is used for high-precision machining forming.
4. The dual-beam composite laser selective melting forming method of claim 1, wherein the planning of the laser output state and the forming parameters according to the slice information in step S4 by using the forming software specifically comprises:
s42, on the premise of meeting the forming precision of a complex component of a part to be formed, the forming efficiency is greatly improved, two laser beams are used for emitting light in a time-sharing manner, and a high-power large-light-spot is used for carrying out large-area filling scanning on a high-efficiency forming area so as to improve the forming efficiency; and a low-power and small light spot is used for accurately scanning the high-precision forming area so as to ensure the forming precision.
5. The dual-beam composite laser selective melting forming method of claim 1, wherein the planning of the laser output state and the forming parameters according to the slice information in step S4 by using the forming software specifically comprises:
s43, the risk of part deformation and cracking in the forming process is reduced by the part to be formed, two laser beams are used for emitting light simultaneously, overlapping scanning is carried out, a temperature field with controllable temperature gradient is generated at a spot irradiation position (molten pool area) through laser irradiation intensity and laser energy density generated by the two lasers respectively, and a preheating area and a slow cooling area are formed in the area.
6. The dual-beam composite laser selective melting forming method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step S4 uses forming software to perform laser output status and forming parameter planning according to slice information, including the forming strategy in the step S21, the forming strategy includes the step S5 of scanning forming strategy for each layer, specifically including:
s441, firstly, high-power large-spot laser is used for scanning and filling a high-efficiency forming area;
s442, performing low-stress scanning forming on the easy-cracking area by using medium-power and large-light-spot lasers and low-power and small-light-spot lasers in the step S51;
and S443, finally, performing precision scanning forming on the high-precision forming area by using a low-power small-spot laser.
7. The dual beam compound laser selective melt shaping method of claim 1, further comprising:
and S6, taking out the parts and performing corresponding post-processing.
8. A high-precision and high-efficiency selective melting and forming device for a double-beam composite laser is characterized by comprising a first laser and a second laser, wherein the light path of the first laser passes through a first beam expanding collimating mirror, then is transmitted through a semi-transparent mirror, and then enters a vibrating mirror for 90-degree angle reflection to form a small light spot on a processing plane; the light path of the second laser forms an angle of 90 degrees with the light path of the first laser, the light path of the second laser passes through the second beam expanding collimating mirror, is reflected by the semi-transparent mirror, is coaxial with the converged light of the first laser, and is reflected by the vibrating mirror to form a large light spot on the processing plane; the small spot formed by the first laser on the work plane is inside the larger spot of the second laser.
9. The selective melting and forming device of two high-precision and high-efficiency compound laser beams as claimed in claim 8, wherein the relative positions of the first laser, the first beam expanding collimating lens, the second laser, the second beam expanding collimating lens, the semi-transparent lens and the galvanometer lens, which are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the two beams, are fixed, and the small spot of the first laser and the large spot of the second laser move on the processing plane simultaneously by the swinging of the deflecting lens in the direction X, Y in the laser scanning galvanometer lens.
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