CN113560720A - Split welding method of vehicle aluminum-silicon plated steel plate based on split high-order laser beam - Google Patents
Split welding method of vehicle aluminum-silicon plated steel plate based on split high-order laser beam Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 218
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a split high-order laser beam-based tailor-welding method of a vehicle aluminum-silicon plated steel plate, which comprises the following steps: 1. fixing two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates, and welding a gap of 0.3-0.4 mm; 2: under the atmosphere of protective gas, adopting split high-order laser beams for laser wire filling welding, wherein the split high-order laser beams are high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beams, and the orders of the split high-order laser beams comprise TEM01, TEM02, TEM10, TEM20 and TEM 30; the split high-order laser beam spot comprises a plurality of high-energy areas and low-energy areas which are distributed in a staggered manner, a temperature gradient is formed during welding, metal flows from the high-energy areas to the low-energy areas in a staggered manner at a high speed, a welding pool is stirred, and harmful elements are distributed uniformly; the welding wire contains N and Ni, and the protective gas is argon, nitrogen or helium. The split high-order laser beam with special energy distribution is combined with the welding wire and the welding process, so that the distribution uniformity of aluminum elements in the welding seam is improved, and the welding quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tailor-welding method of steel plates, in particular to a tailor-welding method of automotive aluminum-silicon plated steel plates based on split high-order laser beams.
Background
The aluminum-silicon plated hot forming steel is a common steel plate for vehicles, and the aluminum-silicon plated hot forming steel in the prior art is mostly welded by laser. Because the welding requirement quality of the plate in the automobile field is higher, when the aluminum-silicon plated steel plate is welded by laser wire filling, strict requirements are provided for pre-welding assembly gaps, plate thickness, plating thickness, welding process parameters, welding wire diameter, plating and the like of the plate to be welded. However, in the actual welding process, the welding design requirements cannot be met, harmful elements such as aluminum are easily melted into a welding pool, and in the process that weld metal is rapidly solidified from a liquid state to a solid state, the harmful elements are randomly concentrated in a certain region or regions, the concentration of aluminum in the concentrated region exceeds 0.8%, and the volume of the aluminum reaches more than dozens of cubic micrometers, the weld performance is finally deteriorated, and the weld is easily broken in the sampling stretching process after hot stamping. The phenomenon is a common and special harmful phenomenon when the aluminum-plated steel plate is welded.
The prior art has the following methods for solving the problem of aluminum element concentration at the welding seam:
1. all or part of the aluminum-silicon coating in the welding area is removed and then laser welding is carried out, but because the coating, the plate and the welding wire can contain harmful elements such as aluminum, sulfur, phosphorus and the like, the flow of the harmful elements such as aluminum, sulfur, phosphorus and the like can not be effectively controlled during welding, so that the concentration of the harmful elements can not be effectively inhibited.
2. The aluminum-silicon coating is not removed, the welding wire made of special materials is adopted for laser welding, the development cost of the welding wire made of special materials is high, the universality is poor, the welding wire cannot be generally applied to various types of plates, the welding wire cannot adapt to welding of coatings with different components, and the suppression effect of harmful element concentration is poor.
Meanwhile, because the laser of the circular light spot is adopted to provide welding energy in the prior art, the energy at the middle part of the light spot is concentrated, the energy at the edge is relatively less, the concentration of harmful elements is further aggravated, and the uneven strength of the welding seam can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a split welding method of a vehicle aluminum-silicon coated steel plate based on split high-order laser beams, which improves the distribution uniformity of aluminum elements in a welding line and improves the welding quality of the vehicle aluminum-silicon coated steel plate by the split high-order laser beams with special energy distribution and combining welding wires and a welding process.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a split high-order laser beam based tailor-welding method for a vehicle aluminum-silicon coated steel plate comprises the following steps:
step 1: fixing two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates to be welded on a welding operation platform, wherein the welding gap between the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates is 0.3-0.4 mm;
step 2: under the atmosphere of protective gas, performing laser wire filling welding on the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates by using a split high-order laser beam through a welding wire, wherein the split high-order laser beam is a high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam, and the orders of the split high-order laser beam comprise a TEM01, a TEM02, a TEM10, a TEM20 and a TEM 30; the light spot of the split high-order laser beam comprises a plurality of high-energy areas and low-energy areas which are distributed in a staggered mode, the temperature of the high-energy areas is higher than that of the low-energy areas during welding, a temperature gradient is formed in a welding pool, namely the central point of the high-energy areas is outward in a temperature decreasing trend and transits to the low-energy areas, the lowest temperature of the low-energy areas is 0, the metal of the welding pool flows from the high-energy areas to the low-energy areas in a high-speed and staggered mode through the temperature gradient, the welding pool is stirred, and harmful elements are distributed uniformly;
the welding wire contains element N and element Ni, and the protective gas is argon Ar and nitrogen N2And helium He.
The thickness of the aluminum-silicon plated steel plate is 0.8-3mm, the aluminum-silicon plated layers are uniformly distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum-silicon plated steel plate, and the thickness of the plated layer of the aluminum-silicon plated steel plate is 20-35 mu m; the coating comprises, by mass, 90-95% of Al, 5-9% of Si, and the balance of impurities.
The error range of the tailor-welding gap between the two aluminum-silicon coating steel plates is not more than +/-0.01 mm.
The radius of a light spot profile of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is not more than 2 times of the effective radius of a laser fundamental mode, and the minimum outer diameter of the light spot profile is 0.6-1 mm; the wavelength of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is 1064 nanometers, the beam quality of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is 0.2-0.3 mm-mrad, and the power of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is 8-10 KW.
The welding speed of the laser wire filling welding is 4-6m/min, the defocusing amount is-0.5 mm, and the wire feeding speed of the welding wire is 3-5 m/min.
The welding wire is a copper steel welding wire with the surface copper plating thickness smaller than 2um, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2 percent of C, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Si, 1.0 to 1.8 percent of Mn, 0.009 percent of P, 0.001 percent of S, 0.002 to 0.004 percent of B, 0.03 to 0.06 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.008 percent of N, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Cu, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Cr, 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni0, and the balance of Fe.
The diameter of the welding wire is 0.9-1.0mm, the welding wire is preheated to 300-550 ℃ by a hot wire power supply before welding, and the current of the hot wire is 80-120A.
The protective gas comprises 70-80% of argon Ar and nitrogen N in percentage by volume210-15% of helium He and 5-20% of helium.
The flow rate of the protective gas is 20-25L/min, the pressure of the protective gas is 3-5pa, the distance between the gas nozzle of the protective gas and the welding point is 30-40mm, and the gas injection angle of the protective gas is 50-70 degrees.
After the laser wire filling welding, the concentration of aluminum element in any area in the welding seam of the two aluminum-silicon coating steel plates is less than 0.7 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the split high-order laser beam, forms the temperature gradient of the welding pool by utilizing the energy distribution characteristic of the split high-order laser beam, aggravates the mobility of harmful elements such as aluminum and the like in the welding pool through violent temperature gradient change, and eliminates the random and discontinuous concentration problem of the aluminum elements in the welding line after the welding line is solidified, thereby avoiding the situations of weld line performance deterioration and tensile fracture after hot pressing, and further ensuring the welding quality of the aluminum-silicon coated steel plate for vehicles.
2. The invention adopts the laser wire filling process based on the split high-order laser beam, does not need to remove the plating layer on the surface of the plate and also does not need to adopt special welding wires, improves the feasibility and the universality of the splicing welding operation of the vehicle aluminum-silicon plated steel plate, and reduces the production cost on the basis of ensuring the production quality.
3. The invention adopts the laser wire-filling welding process, dilutes the concentration of aluminum element in the welding line by adding the welding wire, is beneficial to avoiding the problem of concentration of the aluminum element in the welding line, can further play a role in aluminum fixation by nitrogen element and nickel element in the welding wire and nitrogen in the protective gas, reduces the combination of iron and aluminum, limits the formation of ferrite, and further improves the tailor-welding quality of the aluminum-silicon coated steel plate for vehicles.
According to the invention, through the split high-order laser beam with special energy distribution, the welding wire and the welding process are combined, the coating does not need to be removed, and a special welding wire does not need to be adopted, so that the distribution uniformity of the aluminum element in the welding line is improved, the problems of welding performance deterioration, tensile fracture and the like caused by random and discontinuous concentration of the aluminum element are avoided, the welding quality of the aluminum-silicon coated steel plate for the vehicle is improved, and the product rejection rate is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic operation diagram of an embodiment 1 of the tailor-welding method for automotive Al-Si coated steel sheet according to the present invention based on a split high-order laser beam;
FIG. 2 is a light spot distribution diagram of a split high-order laser beam used in the tailor-welding method for a vehicle aluminum-silicon coated steel sheet based on the split high-order laser beam according to embodiment 1 of the present invention; wherein, black is a high-energy region, and white is a low-energy region;
FIG. 3 is a light spot distribution diagram of a split high-order laser beam used in the tailor-welding method for a vehicular Al-Si coated steel sheet according to embodiment 2 of the present invention; wherein, black is a high-energy region, and white is a low-energy region;
FIG. 4 is a light spot distribution diagram of a split high-order laser beam used in the tailor-welding method for a vehicular Al-Si coated steel sheet according to embodiment 3 of the present invention; wherein black is a high energy region and white is a low energy region.
In the figure, 10 split high-order laser beams, 20 aluminum silicon coated steel plates, 21 coatings, 30 shielding gas nozzles and 40 welding wires are used.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
A split high-order laser beam based tailor-welding method for a vehicle aluminum-silicon coated steel plate comprises the following steps:
step 1: and fixing the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates to be welded on the welding operation platform, wherein the welding gap between the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates is 0.3-0.4 mm. In order to reasonably control the content of the aluminum element dissolved in the base material, the tailor-welding gap must be controlled. If the tailor-welded gap is too small, the amount of aluminum melted is too much; if the tailor-welded gap is too large, although the melting of aluminum can be controlled to be small, aluminum is not easy to diffuse to the center of the weld joint, aluminum elements are easy to concentrate on two sides, and the strength of the weld joint is reduced, so that the tailor-welded gap is preferably controlled to be 0.3-0.4 mm.
The thickness of the aluminum-silicon plated steel plate is 0.8-3mm, the aluminum-silicon plated layers are uniformly distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum-silicon plated steel plate, and the thickness of the plated layer of the aluminum-silicon plated steel plate is 20-35 mu m; the coating comprises, by mass, 90-95% of Al, 5-9% of Si, and the balance of impurities, such as trace elements including Fe.
Preferably, the error range of the tailor-welded gap between the two aluminum-silicon coated steel plates is not more than +/-0.01 mm.
Step 2: and under the atmosphere of protective gas, performing laser filler wire welding on the two aluminum-silicon coating steel plates by using a split high-order laser beam through a welding wire, wherein the split high-order laser beam is a high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam. At present, split high-order laser beams are only used in the fields of optical communication, gravitational wave detection and the like, the split laser spots easily cause the reduction of the power density of the laser, the welding quality cannot be effectively controlled, the split high-order laser beams are not applied to the welding of metal materials, and the traditional welding mode adopts non-split laser based on Gaussian light velocity. The higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam has a transverse energy distribution mode (i.e., a split mode) completely different from that of the conventional Gaussian beam. Compared with a single-point high-energy distribution mode, the multi-point high-energy distribution mode can enable a plurality of positions in a welding pool to absorb higher energy, the temperature rise is faster, and finally the temperature difference is strong convection inside the welding solution.
Preferably, the radius of the light spot profile of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is not more than 2 times of the effective radius of the laser fundamental mode, and the minimum outer diameter of the light spot profile is 0.6-1 mm; the wavelength of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is 1064 nanometers, the beam quality of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is 0.2-0.3 mm-mrad, and the power of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is 8-10 KW. Since the higher order transverse mode laser is more easily diverged, its beam quality must be controlled small enough that its beam power is slightly higher than that of a conventional one-spot or annular spot.
Preferably, the order of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam comprises TEM01, TEM02, TEM10, TEM20 and TEM30 high-order forms. The high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam can be generated by adopting a disc type fiber laser in the prior art, but the numerical values of x and y in the order TEMxy are limited, because the larger the numerical values of x and y, the more dispersed the energy is, the welding efficiency is extremely low, the characteristics of the high-order transverse mode are utilized, and the order is not required to be too high, so that the welding effect of the orders TEM01, TEM02, TEM10, TEM20 and TEM30 is optimal.
Preferably, the welding speed of the laser wire filling welding is 4-6m/min, the defocusing amount is-0.5 mm, and the wire feeding speed of the welding wire is 3-5 m/min. The matching of three parameters of the welding speed, the defocusing amount and the wire feeding speed can influence the melting amount of aluminum and the percentage concentration of the aluminum after melting, and simultaneously influence the appearance of a welding seam, so that the welding effect of the split laser can be fully exerted on the premise of being controlled to be optimal.
The welding wire be the copper steel welding wire that surface copper facing thickness is less than 2um, the copper facing is the electrically conductive and anti rust coating of welding wire, according to the mass percent, the composition of welding wire is: 0.1 to 0.2 percent of C, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Si, 1.0 to 1.8 percent of Mn, 0 percent of P to 0.009, 0 percent of S to 0.001, 0.002 to 0.004 percent of B, 0.03 to 0.06 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.008 percent of N, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Cu, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Cr, 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni0, and the balance of Fe.
The concentration of aluminum element in the welding seam is diluted by adding the welding wire, and meanwhile, nitrogen element N and nickel element Ni in the welding wire can play a role in fixing aluminum, so that the combination of iron and aluminum is reduced, the solubility of aluminum in iron is also reduced, the formation of ferrite is limited, and the quality of the welding seam is improved. The nitrogen element N and the nickel element Ni can promote the formation of austenite at high temperature, so that the transformation of austenite into martensite can be promoted at low temperature. Because nitrogen element N and nickel element Ni are easy to combine with aluminum to generate harmful substances, which are not beneficial to the quality of welding seams, the content of nitrogen element N is limited to 0.005-0.008%, and the content of nickel element Ni is limited to 0.6-1.0%.
Preferably, the diameter of the welding wire is 0.9-1.0mm, and the thinner the diameter of the welding wire is, the better the melting speed is, and thus the welding efficiency is improved. However, too small or too thick diameter of the welding wire is not beneficial to the wire feeding operation of the automatic pipeline system, so that the diameter of the welding wire is preferably controlled to be 0.9-1.0 mm.
Preferably, the welding wire is preheated to the temperature of 300-550 ℃ by a hot wire power supply before welding, and the current of the hot wire is 80-120A. The melting speed of the welding wire is improved through preheating of the welding wire, and therefore welding efficiency is improved.
The protective gas is argon Ar or nitrogen N2The mixed gas of helium and He comprises, by volume percent, 70-80% of argon Ar and N210-15% of helium He and 5-20% of helium. Nitrogen gas N2The aluminum-fixing agent can also play a certain role in aluminum fixation, and is favorable for further improving the quality of welding seams. Since the plasma gas cluster must be suppressed because the plasma gas cluster must absorb laser energy and the energy for melting the metal is reduced, the plasma gas cluster can be most effectively suppressed by using the mixed gas of argon-helium-nitrogen as the shielding gas. The aluminum fixation effect of molecular nitrogen is not obvious, and the nitrogen must be melted into a welding pool and split into an atomic state rather than a molecular stateThe aluminum-containing alloy has the effect of combining with aluminum, but excessive nitrogen causes pores, so that the volume ratio of argon Ar of 70-80% + nitrogen N is adopted2Preferably 10-15% + helium He 5-20% of protective gas.
Preferably, the flow rate of the shielding gas is 20-25L/min, the pressure of the shielding gas is 3-5pa, the distance between a gas jet port of the shielding gas and a welding point is 30-40mm, the gas jet angle of the shielding gas (namely the included angle between the gas jet direction and the plane of the steel plate) is 50-70 degrees, the generation of plasma cloud in the welding process can be inhibited, and the control of the appearance characteristics of the welding line is facilitated.
Because the light spot of the split high-order laser beam comprises a plurality of high-energy areas and low-energy areas which are distributed in a staggered mode, when the laser is used for wire filling welding, the energy absorbed by metal in the high-energy areas is larger than that absorbed by the metal in the low-energy areas, the temperature of the high-energy areas is larger than that of the low-energy areas, a temperature gradient with violent and uneven temperature change is formed in a welding pool, namely the central point of the high-energy area is outward in a temperature decreasing trend and transits to the low-energy areas, the temperature of the low-energy areas is almost 0 at the lowest, the metal in the welding pool can directly flow from the high-energy areas to the low-energy areas at a high speed through the temperature gradient with violent temperature change, and the flow speed can reach 0.5-50 m/s. Because the split high-order laser beam forms a plurality of high-energy areas and low-energy areas which are distributed in a staggered mode, liquid flow always flows from a high-temperature position to a low-temperature position, metal of a welding molten pool can flow in a staggered mode, metal flowing of a welding liquid molten pool is enhanced, the flowing presents disorder and high speed, the molten pool is stirred, harmful elements such as aluminum are distributed uniformly, rapid flowing of the liquid metal elements in the welding molten pool before solidification (namely within a few milliseconds) is accelerated, and finally the concentration degree of the aluminum elements in a welding seam is greatly reduced.
After the laser wire filling welding, the concentration of aluminum element in any area in the welding seam of the two aluminum-silicon coating steel plates is less than 0.7 percent.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, step 1: the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates 20 to be tailor-welded are fixed on a welding operation platform by adopting magnetic adsorption, and the tailor-welding gap between the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates 20 is 0.3 mm. The two aluminum silicon coated steel plates 20 are 2mm thick and 300 x 300mm in size. The thicknesses of the plating layers 21 on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum-silicon plating steel plate 20 are both 25 micrometers, and the plating layers 21 comprise 90 mass percent of Al, 5 mass percent of Si and the balance of iron.
Step 2: in a protective gas atmosphere, a split high-order laser beam 10 is adopted to perform laser wire filling welding on two aluminum-silicon coated steel plates 20 through a welding wire 40, the split high-order laser beam 10 is a high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam with the power of 8KW generated by a disc type optical fiber laser in the prior art, the order is TEM10, as shown in the attached drawing 2, the wavelength is 1064 nanometers, the minimum outer diameter of a light spot profile is 0.9mm, and the beam quality is 0.3mm · mrad.
The welding speed of laser wire filling welding is 4m/min, the defocusing amount is 0mm, and the wire feeding speed of the welding wire 40 is 3 m/min.
The welding wire 40 is a copper steel welding wire with the diameter of 1.0mm, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.15% of C, 0.3% of Si, 1.2% of Mn, 0% < P <0.009%, 0% < S <0.001%, 0.004% of B, 0.05% of Ti, 0.005% of N, 0.02% of Cu, 0.02% of Cr, 0.7% of Ni and the balance of iron. The welding wire 40 is preheated to 400 ℃ by a hot wire power supply before welding, and the current of the hot wire is 100A.
The protective gas is argon Ar 70 percent and nitrogen N2The mixed gas of 20 percent and helium He 10 percent is sprayed in through a protective gas spray pipe 30, the flow rate of the protective gas is 25L/min, the pressure of the protective gas is 3pa, the distance between a gas nozzle of the protective gas and a welding point is 35mm, and the gas spraying direction of the protective gas is 50 degrees.
The welding pool forms high-speed flow from a high-energy light spot to a low-energy area, and then liquid flow collides to form turbulent high-speed liquid flow and stir the welding pool. After the laser wire filling welding, the concentration of aluminum element in any area in the welding seam of the two aluminum-silicon coating steel plates 20 is 2-7%. The aluminum-silicon plated steel plate after stamping and welding is formed by adopting a water-cooled flat plate, the pressure is 800 tons, the weld joint is inspected, the yield strength is 960 MPa (which is larger than the inspection standard 950 MPa), the tensile strength is 1520 MPa (which is larger than the inspection standard 1300 MPa), the elongation is 5.2% (which is larger than the inspection standard 4%), the fracture position is in the base metal, and the inspection is qualified.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1, step 1: and (3) fixing the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates to be welded on the welding operation platform, wherein the welding gap between the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates is 0.3 mm. The thickness of the two aluminum-silicon coating steel plates is 2mm, and the size of the two aluminum-silicon coating steel plates is 300 x 300 mm. The thickness of the plating layer on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum-silicon plating steel plate is 25 mu m, and the plating layer comprises 90 mass percent of Al, 5 mass percent of Si and the balance of iron.
Step 2: and under the atmosphere of protective gas, performing laser wire filling welding on the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates by using a split high-order laser beam through a welding wire, wherein the split high-order laser beam is a high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam with the power of 8KW generated by the disc type optical fiber laser in the prior art, the order is TEM02, as shown in the attached drawing 3, the wavelength is 1064 nanometers, the minimum outer diameter of a light spot profile is 0.9mm, and the beam quality is 0.3mm · mrad.
The welding speed of laser wire filling welding is 5m/min, the defocusing amount is 0mm, and the wire feeding speed of a welding wire is 3.5 m/min.
The welding wire is a copper steel welding wire with the diameter of 1.0mm, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.15% of C, 0.3% of Si, 1.2% of Mn, 0% < P <0.009%, 0% < S <0.001%, 0.004% of B, 0.05% of Ti, 0.005% of N, 0.02% of Cu, 0.02% of Cr, 0.7% of Ni and the balance of iron. The welding wire is preheated to 400 ℃ by a hot wire power supply before welding, and the current of the hot wire is 100A.
The protective gas is argon Ar 70 percent and nitrogen N 220% and helium He 10%, the flow rate of the protective gas is 25L/min, the pressure of the protective gas is 3pa, the distance between the gas jet port of the protective gas and the welding point is 35mm, and the gas jet direction of the protective gas is 50 degrees.
The welding molten pool forms high-speed flow from a high-energy area to a low-energy area, namely, the high-speed flow from three annular belts to two and the outermost sides, and then liquid flow collides to form turbulent high-speed liquid flow and stir the welding molten pool. After laser wire filling welding, the concentration of aluminum element in any area in the welding seam of the two aluminum-silicon coating steel plates is 2-7%. The aluminum-silicon plated steel plate after water-cooling stamping welding is adopted, the pressure is 800 tons, the welding seam is inspected, the yield strength is 960 MPa (which is larger than the inspection standard 950 MPa), the tensile strength is 1520 MPa (which is larger than the inspection standard 1300 MPa), the elongation is 5.2% (which is larger than the inspection standard 4%), the fracture position is in the base metal, and the inspection is qualified.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 1, step 1: the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates 20 to be tailor-welded are fixed on a welding operation platform by adopting magnetic adsorption, and the tailor-welding gap between the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates 20 is 0.3 mm. The two aluminum silicon coated steel plates 20 are 2mm thick and 300 x 300mm in size. The thicknesses of the plating layers 21 on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum-silicon plating steel plate 20 are both 25 micrometers, and the plating layers 21 comprise 90 mass percent of Al, 5 mass percent of Si and the balance of iron.
Step 2: in a protective gas atmosphere, a split high-order laser beam 10 is adopted to perform laser wire filling welding on two aluminum-silicon coated steel plates 20 through a welding wire 40, the split high-order laser beam 10 is a high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam with the power of 8KW generated by a disc type optical fiber laser in the prior art, the order is TEM20, as shown in figure 4, the wavelength is 1064 nanometers, the minimum outer diameter of a light spot profile is 0.9mm, and the beam quality is 0.3 mm.
The welding speed of laser wire filling welding is 4m/min, the defocusing amount is 0mm, and the wire feeding speed of the welding wire 40 is 3 m/min.
The welding wire 40 is a copper steel welding wire with the diameter of 1.0mm, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.16% of C, 0.3% of Si, 1.2% of Mn, 0% < P <0.009%, 0% < S <0.001%, 0.004% of B, 0.05% of Ti, 0.006% of N, 0.02% of Cu, 0.02% of Cr, 0.9% of Ni, and the balance of the iron wire 40 which is preheated to 400 ℃ by a hot wire power supply before welding, and the hot wire current is 100A.
The protective gas is a mixed gas of 70% of argon (Ar), 220% of nitrogen (N) and 10% of helium (He), and is sprayed in through a protective gas spray pipe 30, the flow rate of the protective gas is 25L/min, the pressure of the protective gas is 3pa, the distance between a gas nozzle of the protective gas and a welding point is 35mm, and the spraying direction of the protective gas is 50 degrees.
The welding molten pool forms high-speed flow from a high-energy light spot to a low-energy area, namely high-speed flow from four high-temperature areas to the low-energy area and the outer side, and then liquid flow collides to form turbulent high-speed liquid flow and stir the welding molten pool. After the laser wire filling welding, the concentration of aluminum element in any area in the welding seam of the two aluminum-silicon coating steel plates 20 is 2-7%. The aluminum-silicon plated steel plate after stamping and welding is formed by adopting a water-cooled flat plate, the pressure is 800 tons, the weld joint is inspected, the yield strength is 960 MPa (which is larger than the inspection standard 950 MPa), the tensile strength is 1520 MPa (which is larger than the inspection standard 1300 MPa), the elongation is 5.2% (which is larger than the inspection standard 4%), the fracture position is in the base metal, and the inspection is qualified.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A split high-order laser beam-based tailor-welding method for a vehicle aluminum-silicon coated steel plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: fixing two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates to be welded on a welding operation platform, wherein the welding gap between the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates is 0.3-0.4 mm;
step 2: under the atmosphere of protective gas, performing laser wire filling welding on the two aluminum-silicon plated steel plates by using a split high-order laser beam through a welding wire, wherein the split high-order laser beam is a high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam, and the orders of the split high-order laser beam comprise a TEM01, a TEM02, a TEM10, a TEM20 and a TEM 30; the light spot of the split high-order laser beam comprises a plurality of high-energy areas and low-energy areas which are distributed in a staggered mode, the temperature of the high-energy areas is higher than that of the low-energy areas during welding, a temperature gradient is formed in a welding pool, namely the central point of the high-energy areas is outward in a temperature decreasing trend and transits to the low-energy areas, the lowest temperature of the low-energy areas is 0, the metal of the welding pool flows from the high-energy areas to the low-energy areas in a high-speed and staggered mode through the temperature gradient, the welding pool is stirred, and harmful elements are distributed uniformly;
the welding wire contains element N and element Ni, and the protective gas is argon Ar and nitrogen N2And helium He.
2. The tailor welding method for vehicle al-si coated steel sheet based on split high-order laser beam according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the aluminum-silicon plated steel plate is 0.8-3mm, the aluminum-silicon plated layers are uniformly distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum-silicon plated steel plate, and the thickness of the plated layer of the aluminum-silicon plated steel plate is 20-35 mu m; the coating comprises, by mass, 90-95% of Al, 5-9% of Si, and the balance of impurities.
3. The tailor welding method for vehicle al-si coated steel sheet based on split high-order laser beam according to claim 1, wherein: the error range of the tailor-welding gap between the two aluminum-silicon coating steel plates is not more than +/-0.01 mm.
4. The tailor welding method for vehicle al-si coated steel sheet based on split high-order laser beam according to claim 1, wherein: the radius of a light spot profile of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is not more than 2 times of the effective radius of a laser fundamental mode, and the minimum outer diameter of the light spot profile is 0.6-1 mm; the wavelength of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is 1064 nanometers, the beam quality of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is 0.2-0.3 mm-mrad, and the power of the high-order Laguerre-Gaussian transverse mode laser beam is 8-10 KW.
5. The tailor welding method for vehicle al-si coated steel sheet based on split high-order laser beam according to claim 1, wherein: the welding speed of the laser wire filling welding is 4-6m/min, the defocusing amount is-0.5 mm, and the wire feeding speed of the welding wire is 3-5 m/min.
6. The tailor welding method for vehicle al-si coated steel sheet based on split high-order laser beam according to claim 1, wherein: the welding wire is a copper steel welding wire with the surface copper plating thickness smaller than 2um, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2 percent of C, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Si, 1.0 to 1.8 percent of Mn, 0.009 percent of P, 0.001 percent of S, 0.002 to 0.004 percent of B, 0.03 to 0.06 percent of Ti, 0.005 to 0.008 percent of N, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Cu, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Cr, 0.6 to 1.0 percent of Ni0, and the balance of Fe.
7. The tailor welding method for vehicle al-si coated steel sheet according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the split high-order laser beam is applied to: the diameter of the welding wire is 0.9-1.0mm, the welding wire is preheated to 300-550 ℃ by a hot wire power supply before welding, and the current of the hot wire is 80-120A.
8. The tailor welding method for vehicle al-si coated steel sheet based on split high-order laser beam according to claim 1, wherein: the protective gas comprises 70-80% of argon Ar and nitrogen N in percentage by volume210-15% of helium He and 5-20% of helium.
9. The tailor welding method for vehicle al-si coated steel sheet according to claim 1 or 8, wherein the split high-order laser beam is applied to: the flow rate of the protective gas is 20-25L/min, the pressure of the protective gas is 3-5pa, the distance between the gas nozzle of the protective gas and the welding point is 30-40mm, and the gas injection angle of the protective gas is 50-70 degrees.
10. The tailor welding method for vehicle al-si coated steel sheet based on split high-order laser beam according to claim 1, wherein: after the laser wire filling welding, the concentration of aluminum element in any area in the welding seam of the two aluminum-silicon coating steel plates is less than 0.7 percent.
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