CN116727860B - High-nitrogen steel laser wire filling-friction stir composite welding process - Google Patents
High-nitrogen steel laser wire filling-friction stir composite welding process Download PDFInfo
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- CN116727860B CN116727860B CN202310379969.3A CN202310379969A CN116727860B CN 116727860 B CN116727860 B CN 116727860B CN 202310379969 A CN202310379969 A CN 202310379969A CN 116727860 B CN116727860 B CN 116727860B
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molecular nitrogen;molecular oxygen Chemical compound N#N.O=O DOTMOQHOJINYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of welding processes, in particular to a high-nitrogen steel laser filler wire-stirring friction composite welding process, which adopts a flux-cored wire prepared from a high-nitrogen steel belt and powder, wherein the powder is formed by mixing 51% of Fe,15.5% of Cr, 19% of Mn, 3.9% -6% of TiN, 0.1% -0.5% of CuN and 8% -10.5% of Ni, and the solubility of nitrogen in the steel can be improved, so that the nitrogen content of a welding seam is effectively improved, the formation of nitride and nitrogen holes is inhibited, and the welding stability is good. The laser wire filling method is adopted to heat the groove of the high-nitrogen steel plate in advance, and a molten pool is formed at the groove of the workpiece to be welded, so that the abrasion degree of the friction stir head can be reduced, and the welding speed can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding processes, in particular to a high-nitrogen steel laser filler wire-friction stir composite welding process.
Background
The high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, which is short for high-nitrogen steel, is a novel engineering material with the characteristics of high strength, high toughness, large creep resistance, good corrosion resistance and the like, and has been paid attention in recent years. The N content in high nitrogen steel is generally greater than 0.4%, and the welding performance is widely focused in the industry because of the high nitrogen content and the defects of nitrogen loss, nitride precipitation, welding pores and the like in the welding line.
The Chinese patent with publication number of CN113751842A discloses a spray material and a high-nitrogen steel welding process based on thermal spraying pretreatment, which adopts the thermal spraying pretreatment to the high-nitrogen steel welding groove in advance before welding so as to form an alloy layer at the high-nitrogen steel welding groove, and finally adopts the high-energy beam welding method such as laser beam or electron beam to weld the high-nitrogen steel, so that the process design is complicated, and meanwhile, the advanced thermal spraying process is needed before welding, and the welding efficiency is low.
The Chinese patent with publication number of CN109483071A discloses a method for welding a large-thickness plate by laser-friction stir composite, which adopts the technical design that a laser heat source is arranged on the front surface of a workpiece, a friction stir welding head is arranged on the back surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece is subjected to laser-friction stir composite welding.
The literature (research on nitrogen increment and joint structure property of high nitrogen steel MIG welding seam, liu Ang, harbin university of industry, 2015-07-01) provides a nitrogen increment method for high nitrogen steel MIG welding, which utilizes a self-made MnN welding wire to improve the nitrogen content of the welding seam, but the effect of improving the solubility of nitrogen element by element Mn alone is limited, and the method is difficult to solve the defect of weld seam air holes, and the stability of welding is difficult to ensure by the MnN welding wire.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-nitrogen steel laser filler wire-friction stir composite welding process which can reduce the wear degree of a friction stir head, greatly improve the welding speed and solve the problems of reduced nitrogen content of a welding line, precipitation of nitride, precipitation-type air hole defects and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high nitrogen steel laser filler wire-friction stir composite welding process comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a flux-cored wire: the flux-cored wire consists of an outer layer high-nitrogen steel belt and powder, wherein the powder is formed by mixing 51% of Fe,15.5% of Cr, 19% of Mn, 3.9% -6% of TiN, 0.1% -0.5% of CuN and 8% -10.5% of Ni;
s2, pretreatment of high-nitrogen steel plate
Removing surface oxidation films from two high-nitrogen steel plates by using an angle grinder, and then removing surface greasy dirt by using acetone;
s3, fixing the high-nitrogen steel plate on a workbench, and respectively arranging a flux-cored wire, a laser welding head and a friction stir processing head above the high-nitrogen steel plate along the welding direction, wherein the distance S between the laser beam emitted by the laser welding head and the friction stir processing head is 3-6mm;
s4, starting a laser welding head to enable a laser beam to irradiate a flux-cored wire, moving along a welding direction, wherein shielding gas is Ar, and the welding wire is melted into molten drops under the action of laser and falls into a groove of a workpiece to be welded to form a metal molten pool;
s5, starting a friction stir processing head, and enabling the friction stir processing head to rotate at a high speed to enter a high-nitrogen steel plate and move along a welding direction;
and S6, when the welding end point is reached, the friction stir processing head moves out of the high-nitrogen steel plate, and the laser beam stops.
Further, in the step S5, the moving speed V of the friction stir processing head is 0.5-0.7m/min.
In the scheme, the laser wire filling method is adopted to heat the groove of the high-nitrogen steel plate in advance, and a molten pool is formed at the groove of the workpiece to be welded. The laser head is positioned 3-6mm in front of the friction stir head, when the laser stirring head reaches the molten pool, the molten pool is in a semi-solid state, and compared with solid high-nitrogen steel, the semi-solid high-nitrogen steel has small hardness, so that the friction stir head has small resistance in the rotating process, the abrasion degree of the friction stir head is reduced, and the welding speed can be greatly improved; meanwhile, the components of the flux-cored wire can effectively improve the solubility of nitrogen in steel, so that the problems of reduced nitrogen content of welding seams, precipitation of nitride, precipitation-type air hole defects and the like are solved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a device layout diagram in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid bridge transition in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flaw detection picture in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a liquid bridge transition in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flaw detection picture in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A high nitrogen steel laser filler wire-friction stir composite welding process comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing flux-cored wire
The flux-cored wire 1 is prepared from an outer-layer high-nitrogen steel belt and medicinal powder, wherein the diameter of the flux-cored wire is 1.2mm, the thickness of the outer-layer high-nitrogen steel belt is 0.1mm, and the thickness of the outer-layer high-nitrogen steel belt is 0.62% of high-nitrogen steel; the particle size of the drug core raw material is 160um-250um, the loose flowability is less than 18s/50g, and the drug core raw material is formed by mixing 51% of Fe,15.5% of Cr, 19% of Mn, 6% of TiN, 0.5% of CuN and 8% of Ni.
S2, pretreatment of high-nitrogen steel plate
Removing surface oxide films from two high-nitrogen steel plates 5 with the thickness of 3.0mm and the nitrogen content of 0.62% by using an angle grinder, and removing surface greasy dirt by using acetone;
s3, fixing a high-nitrogen steel plate 5 on a workbench 6, and respectively arranging a laser filler wire device (a flux-cored wire 1 and a laser welding head 2) and a friction stir processing head 4 above the high-nitrogen steel plate 5 along the welding direction, wherein the distance S of the laser beam 3 in front of the friction stir processing head is 3mm;
s4, irradiating the flux-cored wire 1 by a laser beam 3, and moving along the welding direction, wherein the power of the laser beam 3 is 1.2kW; the moving speed V of the laser welding head 2 is 0.5m/min, and the shielding gas is Ar.
S5, starting the friction stir processing head 4, enabling the friction stir processing head 4 to rotate at a high speed and enter the high-nitrogen steel plate 5, moving along the welding direction, wherein the rotating speed is 800r/min, and the moving speed V of the friction stir processing head is 0.5m/min.
And S6, when the welding end point is reached, the friction stir processing head 4 moves out of the high-nitrogen steel plate 5, and the laser beam 3 stops.
As shown in FIG. 2, by adopting the welding method of the embodiment, the molten drop transition behavior is liquid bridge transition, the welding wire is melted into a molten pool in the form of a liquid column, no phenomena such as splashing occur, and the welding process is stable.
As shown in fig. 3, no air holes are formed at the welded seam after welding; as can be seen from the detection of the nitrogen-oxygen analyzer, the nitrogen content of the welding seam can reach 0.61% by adopting the welding method of the embodiment.
Compared with the existing friction stir welding method, the welding method for the same plate is high in processing efficiency and the welding speed can reach 0.5m/min under the condition that the rotation speed of a friction stir processing head is the same, and the traditional friction stir welding method is low in welding speed, so that the welding can be performed thoroughly when the welding speed is more than 50 mm/min.
Example 2
A high nitrogen steel laser filler wire-friction stir composite welding process comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing flux-cored wire
The flux-cored wire 1 is prepared from an outer-layer high-nitrogen steel belt and medicinal powder, wherein the diameter of the flux-cored wire is 1.2mm, the thickness of the outer-layer high-nitrogen steel belt is 0.1mm, the flux-cored wire is 0.58% of high-nitrogen steel, the medicinal powder is prepared by mixing 51% of Fe,15.5% of Cr, 19% of Mn, 5.5% of TiN, 0.4% of CuN and 8.6% of Ni, the particle size of the flux-cored raw materials is 160um-250um, and the loose flowability is less than 18s/50g.
S2, pretreatment of high-nitrogen steel plate
Two high nitrogen steel plates 5 with a thickness of 3.3mm and a nitrogen content of 0.58% were subjected to surface oxidation film removal by an angle grinder, and then surface oil stains were removed by acetone.
And S3, fixing the high-nitrogen steel plate 5 on a workbench 6, and respectively arranging a laser filler wire device (a flux-cored wire 1 and a laser welding head 2) and a friction stir processing head 4 above the high-nitrogen steel plate 5 along the welding direction, wherein the distance S of the laser beam 3 in front of the friction stir processing head is 4mm.
S4, irradiating the flux-cored wire 1 by a laser beam 3, and moving along the welding direction, wherein the power of the laser beam 3 is 1.2kW; the moving speed V of the laser welding head 2 is 0.7m/min, and the shielding gas is Ar.
S5, starting the friction stir processing head 4, enabling the friction stir processing head 4 to rotate at a high speed and enter the high-nitrogen steel plate 5, moving along the welding direction, wherein the rotating speed is 600r/min, and the moving speed V of the friction stir processing head is 0.7m/min.
And S6, when the welding end point is reached, the friction stir processing head 4 moves out of the high-nitrogen steel plate 5, and the laser beam 3 stops.
As shown in FIG. 4, by adopting the welding method of the embodiment, the molten drop transition behavior is liquid bridge transition, the welding wire is melted into a molten pool in the form of a liquid column, no phenomena such as splashing occur, and the welding process is stable.
As shown in fig. 5, no air holes are formed at the welded seam after welding; as can be seen from the detection of the nitrogen-oxygen analyzer, the nitrogen content of the weld joint is 0.58% as that of the base metal by adopting the welding method of the embodiment.
Compared with the existing friction stir welding method, the welding method for the same plate is high in processing efficiency and the welding speed can reach 0.7m/min under the condition that the rotation speed of a friction stir processing head is the same, and the traditional friction stir welding method is low in welding speed, so that the welding can be performed thoroughly when the welding speed is more than 80 mm/min.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the claims without affecting the spirit of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A high nitrogen steel laser filler wire-friction stir composite welding process is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a flux-cored wire: the flux-cored wire consists of an outer layer high-nitrogen steel belt and powder, wherein the powder is formed by mixing 51% of Fe,15.5% of Cr, 19% of Mn, 3.9% -6% of TiN, 0.1% -0.5% of CuN and 8% -10.5% of Ni;
s2, pretreatment of high-nitrogen steel plate
Removing surface oxidation films from two high-nitrogen steel plates by using an angle grinder, and then removing surface greasy dirt by using acetone;
s3, fixing the high-nitrogen steel plate on a workbench, and respectively arranging a flux-cored wire, a laser welding head and a friction stir processing head above the high-nitrogen steel plate along the welding direction, wherein the distance S between the laser beam emitted by the laser welding head and the friction stir processing head is 3-6mm;
s4, starting a laser welding head to enable a laser beam to irradiate a flux-cored wire, moving along a welding direction, wherein shielding gas is Ar, and the welding wire is melted into molten drops under the action of laser and falls into a groove of a workpiece to be welded to form a metal molten pool;
s5, starting a friction stir processing head, and enabling the friction stir processing head to rotate at a high speed to enter a high-nitrogen steel plate and move along a welding direction; wherein the moving speed V of the friction stir processing head is 0.5-0.7m/min;
and S6, when the welding end point is reached, the friction stir processing head moves out of the high-nitrogen steel plate, and the laser beam stops.
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| CN202310379969.3A CN116727860B (en) | 2023-04-11 | 2023-04-11 | High-nitrogen steel laser wire filling-friction stir composite welding process |
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| DE10036170C1 (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2001-12-06 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Laser-supported friction welding process comprises pressing side surfaces of the workpieces so that they touch the workpiece surface moving away from the welding probe and are spaced in the central region up to the workpiece surface |
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