CN113678896A - 一种风味酸奶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种风味酸奶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113678896A CN113678896A CN202111014160.8A CN202111014160A CN113678896A CN 113678896 A CN113678896 A CN 113678896A CN 202111014160 A CN202111014160 A CN 202111014160A CN 113678896 A CN113678896 A CN 113678896A
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- modified starch
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- flavored yogurt
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Abstract
本发明涉及乳制品制备方法领域,具体公开了一种风味酸奶及其制备方法,所述风味酸奶由以下重量份数的组分制备而成:脱脂牛奶70‑90份,坚果添加物1‑2份,谷物添加物1‑2份,变性淀粉2‑4份,白砂糖6‑8份,接种量为1‑3%的发酵剂。本发明制备得到的风味酸奶营养价值高,流动性好,风味极佳。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及乳制品制备方法领域,具体涉及一种风味酸奶及其制备方法。
背景技术
酸奶是乳制品的一种,由动物乳汁经乳酸菌发酵而产生,酸奶中的益生菌具有助消化的功效,受广大消费者的喜爱。酸奶通过发酵使得蛋白质等营养成分更加容易被人体吸收,因此有助消化且通便润肠的作用。
目前的酸奶制品口味相对单一,酸奶发酵所用菌种也比较单一,大部分酸奶流动性较差,目前大部分的酸奶大多保存时间也较短,约7-10天,这给目前市场的酸奶销售和消费者消费带来了很多不便。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种风味酸奶及其制备方法,制备得到的风味酸奶流动性好,风味极佳,保质期长。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种风味酸奶及,所述风味酸奶由以下重量份数的组分制备而成:
脱脂牛奶70-90份,坚果添加物1-2份,谷物添加物1-2份,变性淀粉2-4份,白砂糖6-8份,接种量为1-3%的发酵剂;
所述脱脂牛奶由牛初乳脱脂获得;
所述发酵剂由鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136,植物乳杆菌2P和两岐双岐杆菌按照质量比1-2:1:1混合而成。
进一步地,所述变性淀粉为马铃薯变性淀粉、玉米变性淀粉、马铃薯变性淀粉、木薯变性淀粉、大米变性淀粉和小麦变性淀粉中的任意一种。
进一步地,所述风味酸奶由以下重量份数的组分制备而成:
脱脂牛奶80份,坚果添加物1份,谷物添加物1份,变性淀粉3份,白砂糖7份,接种量为1.5%的发酵剂。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述风味酸奶的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1,按重量份准备原料:脱脂牛奶70-90份,坚果添加物1-2份,谷物添加物1-2份,变性淀粉2-4份,白砂糖6-8份,接种量为1-3%的发酵剂,备用;
S2,配料:先将脱脂牛奶、坚果添加物和谷物添加物混合均匀,然后加热,边搅拌边加入提前备好的变性淀粉与白砂糖的混合物,搅拌至溶解完全;
S3,预热均质:溶解完全后预热,然后进行均质;
S4,杀菌:均质完成后进行杀菌,获得无菌营养奶;
S5,接种发酵:将发酵剂按照1-3%接种于无菌营养奶中,密封发酵8-12h,然后于4℃下发酵94-98h,获得风味酸奶。
进一步地,S1中,所述坚果添加物由核桃碎和松仁碎按照质量比1:1混合而成的。
进一步地,S1中,所述谷物添加物由燕麦粒和白芝麻按照质量比1:1:1混合而成。
S2中,加热温度为50-60℃。
进一步地,S3中,预热条件为40-50℃,20-30min。
进一步地,S3中,均质条件为18-20Mpa,65-75℃。
进一步地,S4中,杀菌条件为95℃,300s。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明使用的各个原料的功能及相关性如下:
(1)俄罗斯菌种为俄罗斯高加索地区传统发酵剂菌种,利用该菌株发酵并延长发酵时间制备得到的风味酸奶保质期较长(27天),是目前市场上绝大部分酸奶保质期(7天)的约4倍;
(2)本发明使用的牛初乳中含有大量的免疫和生长因子,如免疫球蛋白、类胰岛素生长因子、乳铁蛋白和溶菌酶等,能够提高人体免疫功能,用于制备酸奶大大提高了酸奶的营养价值;
(3)本发明使用的坚果添加物中,核桃86%的脂肪是不饱和脂肪酸,核桃富含铜、镁、钾、维生素B6、叶酸和维生素B1,也含有纤维、磷、烟酸、铁、维生素B2和泛酸,核桃中富含丰富的ω-3脂肪酸,可以减少患抑郁症的几率;松仁中富含不饱和脂肪酸,如亚油酸、亚麻油酸等,能降低血脂,预防心血管疾病,松子中所含大量矿物质如钙、铁、磷、钾等,能给机体组织提供丰富的营养成分;
(4)本发明使用的谷物添加物中,燕麦营养价值很高,含有丰富的亚油酸,蛋白质与氨基酸含量丰富,远远高于大米、小麦等,还含有丰富的维生素包括维生素B1、维生素B2,较多的维生素E及尼克酸、叶酸等,能够为人体补充日常易缺乏的一些微量元素和维生素;
白芝麻含有大量的脂肪25%~50%和蛋白质8%~20%,还有糖类3%~10%、维生素a、维生素e、卵磷脂、钙、铁、镁等营养成分,具有调节胆固醇的作用,还具有美容抗衰老的功效。
2、本发明制备的风味酸奶具有乳质均匀,粘度和形态较优,保质期是常规酸奶的4倍左右,获得的酸奶流动性好,风味极佳。
3、俄罗斯菌种之间并非是独立存在的,所述鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136能够促进两岐双岐杆菌和植物乳杆菌2P的生长,在几种菌种的相互作用下调节肠道菌群的平衡,促进消化。
4、本发明中使用的发酵剂中的鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136能够抑制枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、大肠杆菌,伤寒沙门菌,志贺氏痢疾杆菌和鲍氏志贺氏菌的生长,对于革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌的抑制能力差距不大;植物乳杆菌2P虽不能抑制革兰氏阴性菌,但是对于金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和乙型溶血性链球菌等病原菌有一定的抑制作用;两岐双岐杆菌能够抑制上述所有菌株,且对于革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌)的抑制能力较强;以上三种菌株作为发酵剂发酵后不仅能够增强肠胃功能,还能抑制多种常见的病原菌,保证食品健康,是食品界的福音。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1中制备风味酸奶的制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。本发明各实施例中所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
实施例1:
一、发酵剂抑菌特性
1、发酵剂选择俄罗斯菌种,所述俄罗斯菌种包括鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136(菌种编号为B-12110),植物乳杆菌2P(菌种编号为B-1615)和两岐双岐杆菌(菌种编号为AC-1890),上述俄罗斯菌种均购买自俄罗斯国家工业微生物保藏中心。
2、俄罗斯菌种的抑菌谱实验
(1)准备指示菌:金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌,伤寒沙门菌,志贺氏痢疾杆菌,鲍氏志贺氏菌,乙型溶血性链球菌;上述菌种来源如下:
金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌均为实验室原始保存菌株;
金黄色葡萄球菌用营养肉汤琼脂培养基培养,大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌用LB培养基培养;
伤寒沙门菌购买自宁波明舟生物科技有限公司,产品编号为BMZ133795,接种于ss琼脂培养基;
志贺氏痢疾杆菌购买自上海一研生物科技有限公司,货号为EY-1240J,用LB培养基培养;
鲍氏志贺氏菌(菌种编号CMCC51522)购买自南京便诊生物科技有限公司,采用营养肉汤琼脂培养基培养;
乙型溶血性链球菌购买自上海抚生实业有限公司,货号为FS-J0300,采用营养肉汤琼脂培养基培养;
按照不同菌种适宜的培养基分别配制相应的液体培养基和固体培养基备用。
(2)将上述指示菌分别用各自相对应的液体培养基培养后涂布到固体平板上,每个菌准备三个平板;具体为:
分别将上述菌种培养至菌液浓度至OD600为0.7后用无菌水进行五倍稀释获得菌悬液,然后用移液枪吸取600μL菌悬液,打入提前准备好的固体平板中,然后用已灭菌的涂布棒均匀涂布;
(3)配制俄罗斯菌菌悬液
分别将本发明使用的俄罗斯菌种(鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136菌株、植物乳杆菌2P和两岐双岐杆菌)接种于MRS液体培养基中培养,培养至菌液OD600等于0.7,备用;
(4)在涂布好的指示菌平板上用已灭菌的打孔器进行打孔,每个平板上呈三角位置分别打孔,一个平板打三个孔,然后吸取(3)中制备的鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136菌悬液,植物乳杆菌2P和两岐双岐杆菌分别加入到同一平板上的三个孔中,加入量不溢出孔即可,然后将所有平板正放培养,48h后,测量每个平板上的抑菌圈直径大小,判定本发明使用的俄罗斯菌种(鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136菌株、植物乳杆菌2P和两岐双岐杆菌)对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,枯草芽孢杆菌,伤寒沙门菌,志贺氏痢疾杆菌,鲍氏志贺氏菌,乙型溶血性链球菌的抑制效果。
3、实验结果
表1鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136的抑菌效果
指示菌 | 平均抑菌圈直径(mm) |
金黄色葡萄球菌 | 8.8 |
大肠杆菌 | 10.8 |
枯草芽孢杆菌 | 11.4 |
伤寒沙门菌 | 10.6 |
志贺氏痢疾杆菌 | 10.9 |
鲍氏志贺氏菌 | 11.3 |
乙型溶血性链球菌 | 9.5 |
由表1可知,鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136具有广泛的抑菌谱,不仅对革兰氏阳性菌中的枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌具有抑制性,对革兰氏阴性菌中的大肠杆菌,伤寒沙门菌,志贺氏痢疾杆菌和鲍氏志贺氏菌等致病菌也有较强的抑制作用,说明鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抑制效果都较好。
表2植物乳杆菌2P的抑菌效果
由表2可知,本发明中的植物乳杆菌2P对革兰氏阴性菌株没有抑制作用,但是对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和乙型溶血性链球菌等革兰氏阳性菌均有一定的抑制性。
表3两岐双岐杆菌的抑菌效果
指示菌 | 平均抑菌圈直径(mm) |
金黄色葡萄球菌 | 11.5 |
大肠杆菌 | 5.7 |
枯草芽孢杆菌 | 10.9 |
伤寒沙门菌 | 6.6 |
志贺氏痢疾杆菌 | 7.3 |
鲍氏志贺氏菌 | 6.5 |
乙型溶血性链球菌 | 10.3 |
由表3可知,本发明使用的俄罗斯菌种两岐双岐杆菌能够抑制上述所有指示菌,通过分析可知,两岐双岐杆菌对于革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌,伤寒沙门菌,志贺氏痢疾杆菌和鲍氏志贺氏菌)的抑制能力弱于对于革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌),可能与菌株结构不同有关。
综上所述,本发明所选择的三种俄罗斯菌种均有一定的抑菌谱,且对于病原微生物的抑制能力较好,用于食品中可以减少病原微生物的污染,保证食品健康。
二、风味酸奶的制备过程
S1,按质量称取准备原料:脱脂牛奶80g,坚果添加物1g,谷物添加物1g,马铃薯变性淀粉3g,白砂糖7g,接种量为1.5%的发酵剂,备用;
所述发酵剂的具体制备步骤如下:
分别将鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136、植物乳杆菌2P和两岐双岐杆菌分别活化,然后分别接种至MRS液体培养基中培养,待培养至菌液OD600值为0.7时于2000rpm下离心10min,弃上清,收集菌体,然后按照质量比1:1:1混合获得发酵剂;
所述坚果添加物中核桃碎和松仁碎各0.5g;
所述谷物添加物中燕麦粒和白芝麻各0.5g;
S2,配料:取新鲜的牛初乳置于加热罐中,于90℃下灭菌30分钟,灭菌过程中除去上层油脂,使牛奶脱脂,冷却获得脱脂牛奶;
将马铃薯变性淀粉与白砂糖混合均匀,将坚果添加物和谷物添加物加入到脱脂牛奶中混合均匀,加热至55℃,高速搅拌下加入提前混合好的马铃薯变性淀粉与白砂糖,搅拌至溶解完全;通过将白砂糖与马铃薯变性淀粉均匀,防止马铃薯变性淀粉集中加入导致分散不均,在高速搅拌下加入混有白砂糖的马铃薯变性淀粉能够将其均匀的溶解;
S3,预热均质:为了提高均质效率,将溶解完全后的混合物加热至45℃,预热25min,然后于20Mpa,70℃下均质;
S4,杀菌:均质完成后于95℃,300s杀菌,获得无菌营养奶;
S5,接种发酵:将发酵剂按照1.5%接种于无菌营养奶中,密封发酵10h,然后于4℃下发酵96h,获得风味酸奶。
经验证,获得的风味酸奶在4℃下能够保存30天。
实施例2:
本实施例提供一种风味酸奶的制备方法,具体步骤与实施例1基本相同,区别在于:
S1中,所述风味酸奶的原料为:脱脂牛奶70g,坚果添加物1g,谷物添加物1g,马铃薯变性淀粉2g,白砂糖6g,接种量为1%的发酵剂;
S2中,坚果添加物和谷物添加物加入到脱脂牛奶中后加热温度为50℃;
S3中,预热条件为40℃,30min,均质条件为18Mpa,75℃;
S5中,发酵剂接种量为1%,密封发酵8h,然后于4℃下发酵94h。
实施例3:
本实施例提供一种风味酸奶的制备方法,具体步骤与实施例1基本相同,区别在于:
S1中,所述风味酸奶的原料为:脱脂牛奶90g,坚果添加物2g,谷物添加物2g,马铃薯变性淀粉4g,白砂糖8g,接种量为3%的发酵剂;
所述坚果添加物中核桃碎和松仁碎各1g;
所述谷物添加物中燕麦粒和白芝麻各1g;
S2中,坚果添加物和谷物添加物加入到脱脂牛奶中后加热温度为60℃;
S3中,预热条件为50℃,20min,均质条件为20Mpa,65℃;
S5中,发酵剂接种量为3%,密封发酵12h,然后于4℃下发酵98h。
对实施例1-3制备获得的风味酸奶的口感、色泽、气味进行感官测评描述,选择60名志愿者进行品鉴评论打分,平均分即为样品的最后分值。根据感官评价原则进行感官鉴别评价试验,所述的感官评价原则如表1所示。
表1风味酸奶感官评价标准
感官评价汇总表记录在表2中。
表2本发明制备的风味酸奶的感官测评汇总表
实施例 | 口感气味 | 色泽 | 形态 |
实施例1 | 9.92 | 9.7 | 9.93 |
实施例2 | 9.77 | 9.56 | 9.25 |
实施例3 | 9.41 | 9.37 | 9.83 |
以实施例1为例检测其部分营养成分,记录在表3中,检测实施例1制备得到的风味酸奶的卫生指标,结果记录于表4中
表3实施例1制备的风味酸奶的部分营养成分表(100g)
指标 | 每100g风味酸奶中各营养成分的质量百分比(%) |
蛋白质 | 3.2% |
脂肪 | 1.5% |
维生素E | 0.01% |
维生素C | 0.66% |
表4实施例1制备的风味酸奶的卫生指标
项目 | 指标 | 测定值 | 评价 |
大肠杆菌(MPN/100g) | ≤3 | <1 | 合格 |
由上述结果可知,本发明制备的风味酸奶口感爽滑饱满,流动性好,可直接饮用,营养价值高。
综上所述,本申请获得的牛初乳制品对于手术后的患者十分有益,为机体提供大量的免疫球蛋白,增强免疫力,同时促进术后伤口快速愈合,预防感染。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以,所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (10)
1.一种风味酸奶,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的组分制备而成:
脱脂牛奶70-90份,坚果添加物1-2份,谷物添加物1-2份,变性淀粉2-4份,白砂糖6-8份,接种量为1-3%的发酵剂;
所述发酵剂由鼠李糖乳杆菌ZL-136,植物乳杆菌2P和两岐双岐杆菌按照质量比1-2:1:1混合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风味酸奶,其特征在于,所述变性淀粉为马铃薯变性淀粉、玉米变性淀粉、马铃薯变性淀粉、木薯变性淀粉、大米变性淀粉和小麦变性淀粉中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的风味酸奶,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的组分制备而成:
脱脂牛奶80份,坚果添加物1份,谷物添加物1份,变性淀粉3份,白砂糖7份,接种量为1.5%的发酵剂。
4.一种权利要求1-2任一项所述的风味酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1,按重量份准备原料:脱脂牛奶70-90份,坚果添加物1-2份,谷物添加物1-2份,变性淀粉2-4份,白砂糖6-8份,接种量为1-3%的发酵剂,备用;
S2,配料:先将脱脂牛奶、坚果添加物和谷物添加物混合均匀,然后加热,边搅拌边加入提前备好的变性淀粉与白砂糖的混合物,搅拌至溶解完全;
S3,预热均质:溶解完全后预热,然后进行均质;
S4,杀菌:均质完成后进行杀菌,获得无菌营养奶;
S5,接种发酵:将发酵剂按照1-3%接种于无菌营养奶中,密封发酵8-12h,然后于4℃下发酵94-98h,获得风味酸奶。
5.根据权利要求4所述的风味酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中,所述坚果添加物由核桃碎和松仁碎按照质量比1:1混合而成的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的风味酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中,所述谷物添加物由燕麦粒和白芝麻按照质量比1:1:1混合而成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的风味酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,S2中,加热温度为50-60℃。
8.根据权利要求7所述的风味酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中,预热条件为40-50℃,20-30min。
9.根据权利要求8所述的风味酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中,均质条件为18-20Mpa,65-75℃。
10.根据权利要求9所述的风味酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,S4中,杀菌条件为95℃,300s。
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