CN113678765B - 棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法 - Google Patents
棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是一种棚池配套水泥池土池分级棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,属水产养殖技术领域。由室内水泥池、2个室外土池组成,室内水泥池为凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖池,室外土池A为对虾养殖尾水沉淀池,室外土池B为单环刺螠养殖池。室内水泥池的尾水通过管道排入室外土池A沉淀。室外土池A沉淀后的尾水通过溢水口进入室外土池B。凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖投喂商品配合饲料,单环刺螠土池养殖补充单环刺螠生态配合饵料。本发明较好解决了对虾养殖过程中的尾水处理问题,技术操作简单,饲料成本大大降低,而且在处理尾水的同时,可以收获经济价值较高的单环刺螠,刺螠肉质和成色较好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水产综合养殖方法,特别是一种利用凡纳滨对虾养殖尾水养殖单环刺螠的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法。
背景技术
随着小棚养殖方法的大面积推广,凡纳滨对虾小棚养殖规模日益扩大。伴随着对虾工厂化育苗的衰退,很多对虾育苗车间也被改造成凡纳滨对虾养殖小棚,产生大量的养殖尾水,给环境造成一定的污染,制约和影响着水产业的可持续发展,进行无公害生产技术研究,探讨水产经济可持续发展的前景已成为当前的一项重要任务。针对对虾养殖尾水处理,目前有物理的方法、化学的方法和生物的方法,由于涉及到处理费用高昂,很多处理方法都不尽人意。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法。该方法有效利用凡纳滨对虾养殖的尾水,结合微生态制剂处理,实现绿色养殖和几乎零排放,从而实现高产、高效、环保的目标。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过以下的技术方案来实现的。本发是一种棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特点是,它采用棚池配套水泥池土池分级养殖方法,由室内水泥池、室外土池A和室外土池B组成,室内水泥池为凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖池,室外土池A为对虾养殖尾水沉淀池,室外土池B为单环刺螠养殖池;
所述的室内水泥池20~40个,每个水泥池水深1.5~4米,面积20~40平方米;
所述的室外土池A水深2~4米,面积0.1~0.2公顷,池底锅底形,覆盖一层土工布,中央设集污口,在离池底1.5~3.0米处设4~8个溢水口,由阀门控制溢流速率;
所述的室外土池B水深1.0~1.5米,面积0.33~3.33公顷,通过溢水管道与土池A相通;
所述的室内水泥池开展凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖,每日上午6~8点排污,尾水排放量约为养殖水体的5~10%,排污时间约2小时,尾水通过管道排入室外土池A沉淀。
每日下午6~8点,室外土池A沉淀后的尾水通过溢水口进入室外土池B,进水时间可持续到次日上午8点。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现。以上述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特点是,凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖投喂商品配合饲料(常用商品配合饲料即可),单环刺螠土池养殖补充单环刺螠生态配合饵料,单环刺螠生态配合饵料的基本营养成分由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
豆粕:10~20%; 马尾藻粉:10~20%; 海带粉:10~15%;
白鱼粉:10~15%; 海青菜粉:8~16%; 鼠尾藻粉:8~16%;
虾糠:5~10%; 扇贝粉:5~10%; 螺旋藻粉:2~4%;
盐生杜氏藻粉:3.5~7%; 乳化虾青素:0.1~0.2%; 叶黄素浸膏:0.1~0.2%; 玉米柠檬酸渣0.1~0.2%; 大蒜素0.01~0.02% 。
单环刺螠生态配合饵料的基本营养成分由以下重量百分比的原料组成优选为:
豆粕:18%; 马尾藻粉:17.88%; 海带粉:10%;
白鱼粉:10%; 海青菜粉:10%; 鼠尾藻粉:10%;
虾糠:8%; 扇贝粉:8%; 螺旋藻粉:3%;
盐生杜氏藻粉:4.5%; 乳化虾青素:0.2%; 叶黄素浸膏:0.2%;
玉米柠檬酸渣0.2%; 大蒜素0.02% 。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现。以上述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特点是,单环刺螠生态配合饵料的制法是:各原料充分混合,60~100目粉碎,再置入干燥设备80℃以下进行干燥至含水量低于12%,即得。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现。以上述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特点是,单环刺螠生态配合饵料日投饵两次,日投饵量为刺螠体重的1~3%,投喂前2~4天添加5%的微生态制剂,密闭发酵处理,微生态制剂由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
安琪酵母40~80%; 海洋红酵母:20~40%;
乳酸菌:5~10%; 芽孢杆菌5~10%。
微生态制剂由以下重量百分比的原料优选组成为:
安琪酵母55%; 海洋红酵母:30%;
乳酸菌:8%; 芽孢杆菌7%。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现。以上述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特点是,室外土池A每日上午9~12点泼洒一次乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌红糖发酵液,乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌比例为1:1,每方水体浓度2~5克。
室外土池B每日上午9~12点补充一次球等边金藻和小球藻冻干粉,重量比为1:1,使每方水体藻类细胞数量达到100~150个。
室外土池B投饵时利用微纳米气泡发生器充氧2~4小时。
与现有技术相比,本发明通过物理沉淀+微生态制剂处理的方法,使养殖的尾水得到一定程度的净化,然后用来开展单环刺螠的土池养殖,使尾水得到充分的利用,取得较好的效果;其具体表现为:
(1)通过棚池配套水泥池土池分级养殖方法,实现了凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖和养殖尾水物理与生物处理的有机统一,并带动了单环刺螠土池养殖的发展,解决了单环刺螠的部分饵料问题。
(2)室外土池A沉淀后的尾水通过溢水口进入室外土池B,进水时间持续时间较长,实现了单环刺螠养殖池的进水增氧,节约了电力资源;同样,随着单环刺螠规格的增长,饵料粉碎粒度相应降低,节约了电力资源。
(3)单环刺螠土池养殖补充单环刺螠生态配合饵料,迎合新的养殖方法,价格低廉,原料来源稳定,生产工艺简单,使用方便,可弥补对虾养殖尾水营养的不足,而补充饵料含盐生杜氏藻粉、螺旋藻粉、乳化虾青素、叶黄素浸膏、玉米柠檬酸渣和大蒜素等营养和免疫成分,提高了单环刺螠的生长速度,增强了免疫力。
(4)结合目前流行的发酵饲料技术,用多种益生菌混合发酵饲料,提高了饵料的适口性,可以刺激单环刺螠的生长,并提高其免疫力,并可有效改善养殖水质。
(5)球等边金藻和小球藻冻干粉的添加,可以有效改善土池的饵料结构,促进较小规格单环刺螠的生长,因而出池时单环刺螠规格整齐划一,提高了单环刺螠的商品价值。
(6)单环刺螠多潜在池底,微纳米气泡发生器充氧可有效缓解因摄食而导致的池底缺氧问题。
具体实施方式
实施例1,棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法:
实施本发明的养殖方法时,一种棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,它采用棚池配套水泥池土池分级养殖方法,由室内水泥池、室外土池A和室外土池B组成,室内水泥池为凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖池,室外土池A为对虾养殖尾水沉淀池,室外土池B为单环刺螠养殖池;
室内水泥池30个,每个水泥池水深2.5米,面积30平方米;
室外土池A水深3米,面积0.15公顷,池底锅底形,覆盖一层土工布,中央设集污口,在离池底2.0米处设6个溢水口,由阀门控制溢流速率;
室外土池B水深1.2.5米,面积2公顷,通过溢水管道与土池A相通;
室内水泥池开展凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖,每日上午7点排污,尾水排放量约为养殖水体的8%,排污时间约2小时,尾水通过管道排入室外土池A沉淀;
每日下午7点,室外土池A沉淀后的尾水通过溢水口进入室外土池B,进水时间可持续到次日上午8点。
凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖投喂商品配合饲料,单环刺螠土池养殖补充单环刺螠生态配合饵料,单环刺螠生态配合饵料的基本营养成分由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
豆粕:18%; 马尾藻粉:17.88%; 海带粉:10%;
白鱼粉:10%; 海青菜粉:10%; 鼠尾藻粉:10%;
虾糠:8%; 扇贝粉:8%; 螺旋藻粉:3%;
盐生杜氏藻粉:4.5%; 乳化虾青素:0.2%; 叶黄素浸膏:0.2%;
玉米柠檬酸渣0.2%; 大蒜素0.02% 。
单环刺螠生态配合饵料的制法是:各原料充分混合,80目粉碎,再置入干燥设备80℃下进行干燥至含水量为10%,即得。
单环刺螠生态配合饵料日投饵2次,日投饵量为刺螠体重的2%,投喂前2天添加5%的微生态制剂,密闭发酵处理,微生态制剂由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
安琪酵母55%; 海洋红酵母:30%;
乳酸菌:8%; 芽孢杆菌7%;
室外土池A每日上午10点泼洒一次乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌红糖发酵液,乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌比例为1:1,每方水体浓度4克。
室外土池B每日上午11点补充一次球等边金藻和小球藻冻干粉,重量比为1:1,使每方水体藻类细胞数量达到120个。
室外土池B投饵时利用微纳米气泡发生器充氧3小时。
实施例2,棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法实验:
2020年在灌云某公司养殖场进行试验。实施本发明的养殖方法时,棚池配套水泥池土池分级养殖方法由室内水泥池、室外土池A和室外土池B组成,室内水泥池为凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖池,室外土池A为对虾养殖尾水沉淀池,室外土池B为单环刺螠养殖池。室内水泥池24个,每个水泥池水深3米,面积24平方米。室外土池A水深2.5米,面积0.15公顷,池底锅底形,覆盖一层土工布,中央设集污口,在离池底2米处设6个溢水口,由阀门控制溢流速率。室外土池B水深1.3米,面积2公顷,通过溢水管道与土池A相通。室内水泥池开展凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖,每日上午8点排污,尾水排放量约为养殖水体的8%,排污时间约2小时,尾水通过管道排入室外土池A沉淀。每日下午6点,室外土池A沉淀后的尾水通过溢水口进入室外土池B,进水时间可持续到次日上午8点。凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖投喂商品配合饲料,单环刺螠土池养殖补充单环刺螠生态配合饵料,基本营养成分由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
豆粕:18%; 马尾藻粉:17.88%; 海带粉:10%;
白鱼粉:10%; 海青菜粉:10%; 鼠尾藻粉:10%;
虾糠:8%; 扇贝粉:8%; 螺旋藻粉:3%;
盐生杜氏藻粉:4.5%; 乳化虾青素:0.2%; 叶黄素浸膏:0.2%;
玉米柠檬酸渣0.2%; 大蒜素0.02% 。
单环刺螠生态配合补充饵料各原料充分混合,80目粉碎,再置入干燥设备75℃下进行干燥至含水量为11%,即得。单环刺螠生态配合补充饵料日投饵两次,日投饵量为刺螠体重的2%,投喂前3天添加5%的微生态制剂,密闭发酵处理,微生态制剂由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
安琪酵母54%;海洋红酵母:30%;乳酸菌:8%;芽孢杆菌8%;
室外土池A每日上午10点泼洒一次乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌红糖发酵液,乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌比例为1:1,每方水体浓度3克。室外土池B每日上午10点补充一次球等边金藻和小球藻冻干粉,重量比为1:1,使每方水体藻类细胞数量达到125个。室外土池B投饵时利用微纳米气泡发生器充氧3小时。结果表明,养殖过程中利用螠虾的生态互补性进行混养,增加养殖池塘生态结构的空间成层性,提高养殖池塘环境的稳定性,从而实现高产、高效、环保的目标。
实验1:养殖池水质改善情况
经过8月份连续测定,求平均值,发现室外土池A水质明显优于室内水泥池养殖排放尾水,而室外土池B达到了室内水泥池可以循环利用的标准。
实验2:单环刺螠生长情况
利用灌云海之源养殖场附近大小和水深相近的土池作为对照开展单环刺螠土池养殖,对照组土池水深1.3~1.4米,面积接近2公顷,5月份投放单环刺螠苗种,9月份抽检,结果发现本发明单环刺螠养殖可提高产量近1倍,而养殖规格也优于对照组,本发明养殖单环刺螠具有极大的优势,具有显著的经济和生态效益。
Claims (9)
1.一种棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特征在于,它采用棚池配套水泥池土池分级养殖方法,由室内水泥池、室外土池A和室外土池B组成,室内水泥池为凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖池,室外土池A为对虾养殖尾水沉淀池,室外土池B为单环刺螠养殖池;
室内水泥池20~40个,每个水泥池水深1.5~4米,面积20~40平方米;
室外土池A水深2~4米,面积0.1~0.2公顷,池底锅底形,覆盖一层土工布,中央设集污口,在离池底1.5~3.0米处设4~8个溢水口,由阀门控制溢流速率;
室外土池B水深1.0~1.5米,面积0.33~3.33公顷,通过溢水管道与土池A相通;
室内水泥池开展凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖,每日上午6~8点排污,尾水排放量为养殖水体的5~10%,排污时间2小时,尾水通过管道排入室外土池A沉淀;
每日下午6~8点,室外土池A沉淀后的尾水通过溢水口进入室外土池B,进水时间持续到次日上午8点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特征在于,凡纳滨对虾工厂化养殖投喂商品配合饲料,单环刺螠土池养殖补充单环刺螠生态配合饵料,单环刺螠生态配合饵料的基本营养成分由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
豆粕:10~20%; 马尾藻粉:10~20%; 海带粉:10~15%;
白鱼粉:10~15%; 海青菜粉:8~16%; 鼠尾藻粉:8~16%;
虾糠:5~10%; 扇贝粉:5~10%; 螺旋藻粉:2~4%;
盐生杜氏藻粉:3.5~7%; 乳化虾青素:0.1~0.2%; 叶黄素浸膏:0.1~0.2%; 玉米柠檬酸渣0.1~0.2%; 大蒜素0.01~0.02%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特征在于,单环刺螠生态配合饵料的基本营养成分由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
豆粕:18%; 马尾藻粉:17.88%; 海带粉:10%;
白鱼粉:10%; 海青菜粉:10%; 鼠尾藻粉:10%;
虾糠:8%; 扇贝粉:8%; 螺旋藻粉:3%;
盐生杜氏藻粉:4.5%; 乳化虾青素:0.2%; 叶黄素浸膏:0.2%;
玉米柠檬酸渣0.2%; 大蒜素0.02% 。
4.根据权利要求2所述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特征在于,单环刺螠生态配合饵料的制法是:各原料充分混合,60~100目粉碎,再置入干燥设备80℃以下进行干燥至含水量低于12%,即得。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特征在于,单环刺螠生态配合饵料日投饵2次,日投饵量为刺螠体重的1~3%,投喂前2~4天添加5%的微生态制剂,密闭发酵处理,微生态制剂由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
安琪酵母40~80%; 海洋红酵母:20~40%;
乳酸菌:5~10%; 芽孢杆菌5~10%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特征在于,微生态制剂由以下重量百分比的原料组成:
安琪酵母55%; 海洋红酵母:30%;
乳酸菌:8%; 芽孢杆菌7%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特征在于,室外土池A每日上午9~12点泼洒一次乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌红糖发酵液,乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌比例为1:1,每方水体浓度2~5克。
8.根据权利要求1所述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特征在于,室外土池B每日上午9~12点补充一次球等边金藻和小球藻冻干粉,重量比为1:1,使每方水体藻类细胞数量达到100~150个。
9.根据权利要求1所述的棚池配套水泥池土池分级螠虾综合养殖方法,其特征在于,室外土池B投饵时利用微纳米气泡发生器充氧2~4小时。
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