CN113651860A - 一种适合肠道益生菌增殖的乳果三糖及其酶法制备方法 - Google Patents
一种适合肠道益生菌增殖的乳果三糖及其酶法制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适合肠道益生菌增殖的乳果三糖及其酶法制备方法,乳果三糖是一种新型的三糖,是蔗糖和乳糖通过转糖基作用酶法合成,由半乳糖基、葡萄糖基和果糖基组成。利用果糖基转移酶的转糖基作用,将蔗糖分解的果糖基转移至乳糖还原性末端C1位羟基上,生成半乳糖基蔗糖即乳果三糖。乳果三糖因不能被人体直接利用,却可以促进肠道菌的增殖作用。本发明以酶法制备乳果三糖,反应条件温和,效率高,降低了生产成本,为更好的工业应用于生产提供了一定基础。同时,本发明酶法制备的乳果三糖,对不同的益生菌均有促进其增殖和产酸的能力,适合肠道益生菌的生长,该研究可为乳果三糖的工业化生产提供潜在的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物技术领域,具体涉及一种适合肠道益生菌增殖的乳果三糖及其酶法制备方法。
背景技术
功能性低聚糖在人体中的代谢主要发生在肠道中被双歧杆菌等利用,因为在人体的消化系统中没有水解这类糖的酶,所以在小肠和胃中不能被消化吸收,许多新型的功能性低聚糖在自然界中并不存在,是通过生物合成的方法得以实现的。
低聚乳果糖在食品、制药、化工、饲料等领域有着重要的研究价值,成为近年来研究的热点。低聚乳果糖能够促进双歧杆菌有效的增殖,具有改善肠道微环境和保护肠道的作用。研究表明,人体摄入低聚乳果糖后,血液中胰岛素和血糖的水平均没有明显的提高,因而适合糖尿病病人服用。另外低聚乳果糖还具有低热量,能够降低血液中的胆固醇和抑制脂肪的吸收,对改善血脂、促进钙等矿物质的吸收具有重要作用。
低聚乳果糖是一种功能性低聚糖,在自然界中存在很少,很难通过化学的方法合成。目前,合成低聚乳果糖的方法主要是酶法合成,利用酶法的转糖基作用:一是利用酶的转半乳糖基作用,将乳糖分解产生的半乳糖基转移到蔗糖中的葡萄糖基的C4羟基上。二是利用酶的转果糖基作用,将蔗糖分解产生的果糖基转移到乳糖中的葡萄糖的C1羟基上。而上述酶法合成所得到的低聚乳果糖一般都是由3-10个单糖组成的混合物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种适合肠道益生菌增殖的乳果三糖及其酶法制备方法,本发明所述的乳果三糖是一种由半乳糖基、葡萄糖基和果糖基组成的新型三糖,是一种功能性低聚糖。乳果三糖是低聚乳果糖的一种,但却是一种单一的化合物。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明的一种适合肠道益生菌增殖的乳果三糖,具有如下结构式:
本发明的一种适合肠道益生菌增殖的乳果三糖的制备方法,其是通过基因工程菌BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001的发酵获得发酵产物果糖基转移酶,以底物蔗糖为糖基供体,以底物乳糖为糖基受体,在果糖基转移酶的催化下进行酶促反应,将果糖基转移至乳糖上,得到乳果三糖。本发明所采用的酶来源于实验室已有的BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001基因工程菌株,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号),保藏编号为CGMCC No.20509,已申请专利号202011238363.0。
其中,所述基因工程菌BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001的发酵是将基因工程菌BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001按体积分数1%的接种量接种到含100mg/ml卡那霉素的LB培养基中,转速250r/min,在37℃下培养12小时;从培养液中吸取2mL加入至200mL的A培养基中,放置于37℃下摇床培养,当富集培养的菌液用蒸馏水稀释10倍后的OD600在0.20~0.24时,即可加入0.25mM的IPTG(诱导剂)开始诱导产酶,保持25℃诱导发酵3.5~4小时,将诱导发酵后的菌悬液在0℃下,8000r/min离心12~15min,一支离心管对应一瓶菌悬液,然后加入蒸馏水振荡清洗,再次离心;向每支离心管中加入20mL pH值5.4的乙酸-乙酸钙缓冲液震荡摇匀,外加冰水浴,超声破碎15min,离心分离,上清液即为发酵产物果糖基转移酶液。
本发明的乳果三糖制备方法具体就是采用了酶法,其中,所述的酶来自基因工程菌BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001的定向发酵也即酶的蛋白表达,发酵产酶后,需要进行酶活测定。酶活力通过DNS法测定,按以下方法来测定体系中的单糖含量,定义酶活力单位为U/ml。在30℃下,在1ml底物反应液中,每分钟催化蔗糖产生1umol单糖所需要的酶量。将0.3g蔗糖和200ul酶液,于2.8ml乙酸-乙酸钙缓冲液中反应1h,对照组用失活的酶液。反应后吸取50ul反应液,450ul乙酸-乙酸钙缓冲液于含有375ul的DNS试剂的试管中,沸水浴5min,然后加入5ml水,在紫外分光光度计下测定OD540值,根据如下公式计算果糖基转移酶的粗酶活。粗酶活=OD540值*100/0.06023。
另外,所述制备方法中,作为优选,每升所述的培养基A中含有3-8g甘油、4-6g葡萄糖、5-12g蛋白胨、5-12g硝酸钾、17-18g Na2HPO4·12H2O、2-4g KH2PO4、0.5-1.5g NH4Cl、0.08-0.12mM MgSO4·7H2O。更为优选的是,每升所述的培养基A中含有5g甘油、5g葡萄糖、10g蛋白胨、10g硝酸钾、17.105g Na2HPO4·12H2O、3g KH2PO4、1g NH4Cl、0.1mM MgSO4·7H2O。培养基采用去离子水配置。
上述所述制备方法中,获得发酵产物果糖基转移酶以及进行酶活力的测定之后,则是进行以乳糖为受体底物转糖基反应即酶促反应,研究发现,果糖基转移酶具有水解和转糖基性能,能够催化蔗糖水解,水解为一分子葡萄糖和一分子果糖。将果糖基转移至受体上,形成新的产物。在果糖基转移酶的催化下,可将果糖基转移至乳糖上,形成新的产物乳果三糖。此时,优选方案是,在底物蔗糖和底物乳糖配比为0.5-2:1的情况下,200-400mM蔗糖和200-400mM乳糖的反应体系中,加酶量为3-6U/ml,30-40℃,pH=4.5的乙酸-乙酸钙缓冲液,80-200rmp进行酶促反应8-15h,得到乳果三糖。更优选的,在底物蔗糖和底物乳糖配比为1:1的情况下,300mM蔗糖和300mM乳糖的反应体系中,加酶量为5U/ml,35℃,pH=4.5的乙酸-乙酸钙缓冲液,150rmp进行酶促反应12h,最终乳果三糖的产率为40.04%。
上述制备方法中,所述酶促反应后,进行必要的分离纯化可获得较优的产物,可采用将酶促反应液加入乙醇,醇沉出果聚糖,乳果三糖产物溶于上清,将上清液旋蒸除去乙醇,后利用钙离子树脂分离纯化得乳果三糖。
本发明制备得到乳果三糖之后,还进行了乳果三糖对肠道益生菌活性的评价。通过体外发酵实验,探究乳果三糖对不同的肠道益生菌的生长情况的影响,评价乳果三糖对不同益生菌的促生长和促产酸能力。选取的益生菌分别为副干酪乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌(婴儿亚种)、鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌、动物双歧杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌。将乳果糖和低聚半乳糖作为对照,比较这三种功能性低聚糖的益生功能。研究表明,乳果三糖均强于乳果糖和低聚半乳糖对不同的益生菌增殖能力和产酸能力。故本发明所所述的乳果三糖能够促进肠道益生菌增殖和产酸,可在制备用于促进肠道益生菌增殖和产酸的体系中应用。其中,所述的肠道益生菌包括但不限于副干酪乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌(婴儿亚种)、鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌、动物双歧杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌中的至少一种。所述体系可以是药品、食品等等。
本发明利用特定的基因工程菌BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001的发酵产物果糖基转移酶的转糖基作用,能够将蔗糖分解的果糖基转移至乳糖还原性末端C1位羟基上,生成半乳糖基蔗糖即乳果三糖。乳果三糖是一种新型的三糖,是蔗糖和乳糖通过转糖基作用酶法合成,由半乳糖基、葡萄糖基和果糖基组成。乳果三糖因不能被人体直接利用,却可以促进肠道双歧杆菌等的增殖作用,因而可以作为一种益生元,同时其可对不同的益生菌均有促进其增殖和产酸的能力,适合肠道益生菌的生长,该研究可为乳果三糖的工业化生产提供潜在的应用价值。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1)已有的基因工程菌株BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001合成的乳果三糖产物单一,且转化率高,分离纯化简单,可以以蔗糖为供体,乳糖为果糖基受体,将蔗糖水解产生的果糖基转移至乳糖上形成乳果三糖。
2)本发明可以酶法制备乳果三糖,反应条件温和,效率高,降低了生产成本,为更好的工业应用于生产提供了一定基础。
3)本发明酶法制备的乳果三糖,能够促进不同的益生菌增殖,促进其产酸,有利于肠道微生物的生长,对人体的健康有一定的好处。
附图说明
图1是本发明生产乳果三糖的结构示意图;
图2是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖液相图,分离纯化出的乳果三糖纯度高且单一,且无其他副产物;
图3是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖质谱图,乳果三糖的分子式为C18H32O16,质谱结果为负离子质谱,失去一个氢离子,分子量为503,与乳果三糖的分子量一致;
图4是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖一维氢谱;
图5是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖一维碳谱;
图6是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖二维HMBC谱图;
图7是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖二维HCOSY谱图;
图8是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖二维HSQC谱图;
图9是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖1H和13C的化学位移表,确定结构为O-β-D-半乳糖基-(1,4)-O-α-D-葡萄糖基-(1,2)-β-D-果糖;
图10是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖对双歧杆菌益生菌增殖能力的影响;
图11是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖对乳杆菌益生菌增殖能力的影响;
图12是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖对双歧杆菌益生菌产酸能力的影响;
图13是本发明分离纯化后的乳果三糖对乳杆菌益生菌产酸能力的影响。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001基因工程菌的表达
将BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001基因工程菌按1%的接种量接种到含有100mg/ml卡那霉素的LB培养基中,转速250r/min,37℃培养12小时;从上述培养液中吸取2mL加入至200mL的A培养基中,37℃摇床培养,当富集培养的菌液用蒸馏水稀释10倍后的OD600在0.20~0.24时即可加入0.25mM IPTG开始诱导产酶,25℃诱导发酵3.5~4小时后,将诱导培养后的菌悬液在0℃下,8000r/min离心12~15min,向每支离心管中加入20mL pH值5.4的乙酸-乙酸钙缓冲液震荡摇匀,外加冰水浴,超声破碎15min,离心分离,上清液即为粗酶液。对所取样品做SDS-PAGE电泳分析,所表达出的果糖基转移酶的蛋白分子量约53KDa,与预测值一致。其中,每升所述的培养基A中含有5g甘油、5g葡萄糖、10g蛋白胨、10g硝酸钾、17.105gNa2HPO4·12H2O、3g KH2PO4、1g NH4Cl、0.1mM MgSO4·7H2O。
实施例2
一种适合肠道益生菌增殖的乳果三糖及其酶法制备方法。
利用实施例1获得的果糖基转移酶粗酶液对乳糖进行转糖基性能的研究,酶反应体系配制:300mM/L乳糖、300mM/L蔗糖、乙酸乙酸钙缓冲液(PH=4.5),5U/mL酶活的反应体系,在35℃、150rmp的摇床反应12小时,取出反应液加入无水乙醇,使乙醇终浓度为70%(体积),醇沉出果聚糖,乳果三糖产物溶于上清液中,将上清液进行旋蒸浓缩除去大部分乙醇,利用钙离子树脂柱分离纯化得到乳果三糖。将纯化产物用示差液相检测,检测条件为:氨基柱,示差检测器,流动相乙腈:水=75:25(体积比),流速1ml/min,液相、质谱及核磁谱图确定乳果三糖结构如图2-9所示。
实施例3
利用实施例2分离纯化得到的乳果三糖,对其进行生理活性评价。
通过体外发酵实验,探究乳果三糖对不同的肠道益生菌的生长情况的影响,评价乳果三糖对不同益生菌的促生长和促产酸能力。选取的益生菌分别为副干酪乳杆菌GL-156、短双歧杆菌Bv-889、长双歧杆菌(婴儿亚种)BLI-02、鼠李糖乳杆菌F-1、植物乳杆菌LPL28、干酪乳杆菌CS-773、乳酸乳球菌LY-66、动物双歧杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌。实验所用的益生菌为益生菌粉,来源于于锦乔生物科技有限公司,1500亿cfu/g,储存条件零下18℃保存。将乳果糖和低聚半乳糖作为对照(乳果糖和低聚半乳糖购买于麦克林公司,乳果糖纯度99%,低聚半乳糖纯度98%),比较乳果三糖、乳果糖和低聚半乳糖三者的益生功能。先把菌粉用活化培养基培养,使菌活化,然后将菌放入增殖培养基培养。
活化培养基:蛋白胨10g、牛肉膏7.5g、酵母粉4g、葡萄糖20g、K2HPO4·7H2O 2g、Na2HPO4·12H2O 2g、柠檬酸三铵2g、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g、MnSO4·4H2O 0.05g和L-半胱氨酸0.8g,准确量取吐温80 1.0mL,将上述成分与1000mL去离子水混合,加热煮沸溶解,调节pH值至6.2±0.2,121℃高压蒸汽灭菌15min。
增殖培养基:将活化培养基中的葡萄糖分别用相同浓度的乳果三糖或乳果糖或低聚半乳糖代替即为增殖培养基,加入的乳果三糖、乳果糖、低聚半乳糖的终浓度均为0.04g/ml。
将9种益生菌粉分别按1%的接种量接入活化培养基中,充分震荡使菌体混合均匀,于厌氧条件下37℃培养12h,连续培养两代得到菌种母液。
以未加葡萄糖的活化培养基为阴性对照,将各菌种母液按2%的接种量分别接入3种不同的增殖培养基和对照培养基中,37℃厌氧培养,在第0、10、20、30、40小时,每个条件下取样,测定其OD600和pH值,探究乳果三糖对不同益生菌增殖和产酸能力的影响。结果如图10-13所示。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明结构所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离本发明的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
2.一种适合肠道益生菌增殖的乳果三糖的制备方法,其特征在于,通过基因工程菌BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001的发酵获得发酵产物果糖基转移酶,以底物蔗糖为糖基供体,以底物乳糖为糖基受体,在果糖基转移酶的催化下进行酶促反应,将果糖基转移至乳糖上,得到权利要求1所述的乳果三糖。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述基因工程菌BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001的发酵是将基因工程菌BL21(DE3)/dex-YG-TrMU202001按体积分数1%的接种量接种到含100mg/ml卡那霉素的LB培养基中,转速250r/min,在37℃下培养12小时;从培养液中吸取2mL加入至200mL的培养基A中,放置于37℃下摇床培养,当富集培养的菌液用蒸馏水稀释10倍后的OD600在0.20~0.24时,即可加入0.25mM的IPTG开始诱导产酶,保持25℃诱导发酵3.5~4小时,将诱导发酵后的菌悬液在0℃下,8000r/min离心12~15min,一支离心管对应一瓶菌悬液,然后加入蒸馏水振荡清洗,再次离心;向每支离心管中加入20mL pH值5.4的乙酸-乙酸钙缓冲液震荡摇匀,外加冰水浴,超声破碎15min,离心分离,上清液即为发酵产物果糖基转移酶液。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,每升所述的培养基A中含有3-8g甘油、4-6g葡萄糖、5-12g蛋白胨、5-12g硝酸钾、17-18g Na2HPO4·12H2O、2-4g KH2PO4、0.5-1.5gNH4Cl、0.08-0.12mM MgSO4·7H2O,培养基采用去离子水配置。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,每升所述的培养基A中含有5g甘油、5g葡萄糖、10g蛋白胨、10g硝酸钾、17.105g Na2HPO4·12H2O、3g KH2PO4、1g NH4Cl、0.1mMMgSO4·7H2O。
6.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在底物蔗糖和底物乳糖摩尔配比为0.5-2:1的情况下,200-400mM蔗糖和200-400mM乳糖的反应体系中,加酶量为3-6U/ml,30-40℃,pH=4.5的乙酸-乙酸钙缓冲液,80-200rmp进行酶促反应8-15h,得到乳果三糖。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在底物蔗糖和底物乳糖摩尔配比为1:1的情况下,300mM蔗糖和300mM乳糖的反应体系中,加酶量为5U/ml,35℃,pH=4.5的乙酸-乙酸钙缓冲液,150rmp进行酶促反应12h,得到乳果三糖。
8.如权利要求2-7任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,将酶促反应液加入乙醇,醇沉出果聚糖,乳果三糖产物溶于上清,将上清液旋蒸除去乙醇,后利用钙离子树脂分离纯化得乳果三糖。
9.权利要求1所述的或者由权利要求2-8任一项所述制备方法得到的乳果三糖在制备用于促进肠道益生菌增殖和产酸的体系中的应用。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肠道益生菌包括但不限于副干酪乳杆菌、短双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌(婴儿亚种)、鼠李糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌、动物双歧杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌中的至少一种。
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