CN113647264A - Method for reducing wheat floret degeneration - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for reducing wheat floret degeneration. The method is characterized in that 1-methylcyclopropene is sprayed on wheat in the jointing stage of the wheat. After the treatment of the 1-methylcyclopropene, the degradation of wheat florets is reduced, the number and the volume of wheat seeds and the number and the volume of wheat glumes at different parts are increased, and the number of grains per spike and the thousand grain weight of the mature wheat are improved. The method is simple and easy to implement, is suitable for all wheat varieties, and is favorable for popularization and application.

Description

Method for reducing wheat floret degeneration

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop yield increase, and relates to a method for reducing wheat floret degeneration.

Background

Wheat is an important grain crop in the world, and the yield and the quality of the wheat are related to the grain safety and the social stability in China. The quality and yield of wheat is made up of many factors, including ear number per mu, ear number and thousand kernel weight. Wheat grains develop after pollination by florets on the secondary branch of the cob, so the number of the florets capable of being normally pollinated can directly determine the grain number of the cob and the thousand grain weight, and the wheat yield is influenced. However, the wheat faces the floret degeneration phenomenon in the growth and development process, which refers to the phenomena of growth retardation, atrophy and apoptosis of floral organs of the florets, and the degenerated florets cannot seed, so that the wheat yield is influenced. At present, agricultural measures for reducing floret degeneration in agricultural production mainly comprise reasonable fertilization (1 Liu jade, influence of nitrogen and phosphorus application amount on floret differentiation, degeneration and maturing rate of winter wheat [ J ] Gansu agricultural science and technology, 2014,4(06):28-30), improvement of lukewarm light conditions (2) Gongshao first, research on influence of illumination intensity on floret differentiation of wheat [ J ] agricultural meteorology, 1982,4(02):9-13), control of seeding period (3) Zhuyuangang, Xiaoyan rock, Xiongpeng, and the like, correlation of growth characteristics and assimilation metabolism of winter wheat florets in different sowing periods [ J ] plant nutrition and fertilizer science and report, 2019,25(03): 370) 381.

Ethylene has maturation and aging promoting effects, and 1-methylcyclopropene is an ethylene receptor inhibitor, and in the ethylene reaction, the ethylene receptor has higher affinity than ethylene itself. Therefore, the 1-methylcyclopropene is more easily irreversibly combined with the ethylene receptor protein, the combination of ethylene and the receptor is prevented, the ethylene signal transduction is hindered, and the action of ethylene is inhibited. At present, in agricultural production, 1-methylcyclopropene is mainly used for fresh-keeping and storage of fruits and vegetables.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a simple, convenient and feasible method for reducing wheat floret degeneration.

The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:

a method for reducing wheat floret degeneration comprises spraying 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) during wheat jointing stage.

In the invention, the spraying concentration of the 1-methylcyclopropene can be regulated and controlled according to the sprayed wheat object. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the spraying concentration of the 1-methylcyclopropene is 2-8 mg/L.

In the present invention, the spraying time period of the 1-methylcyclopropene is not particularly limited, and it is preferable to perform the spraying at a time period of low temperature every day to prevent the solution from evaporating due to an excessively high temperature. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the spraying period of the 1-methylcyclopropene is 17:00 to 19:00 per day.

In the invention, the spraying days of the 1-methylcyclopropene are not particularly limited, and the effect of continuous spraying is better than that of spraying only once, preferably 4-6 days, and more preferably 5 days.

In the invention, the spraying amount of the 1-methylcyclopropene is not particularly limited, and in the specific embodiment of the invention, the spraying amount of the 1-methylcyclopropene is 500-2000 mg/mu.

In the present invention, the variety of wheat is not particularly limited, and both spring wheat and winter wheat can be used. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the wheat variety adopted is Yangmai 15.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) the whole operation process is simple and easy to implement, can be completed only by spraying the wheat in a specific period, and has no other additional operation;

(2) the method does not need large instruments and equipment, the consumption of the 1-MCP is less, the acceptable degree of an operator is high, and the method is favorable for large-area popularization;

(3) the method of the invention has no limitation of varieties, regions and the like, can be implemented aiming at different types of wheat varieties, and has wide application range.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a comparison of wheat florets after different spray treatments.

FIG. 3 is a comparison of spikelets at the top, middle and base of the control group and 2 mg/L1-MCP-treated group at 10 days after anthesis.

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the spikelet top, middle and basal caryopsis of the control group and the 2 mg/L1-MCP-treated group 10 days after anthesis.

FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the number of grains per spike and the thousand grain weight of wheat after different spraying treatments, (A) the number of grains per spike; (B) thousand kernel weight, indicates significant differences between the treatment and the control (p < 0.05).

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.

The following examples take high-yielding, high-quality wheat variety Yangmai 15 (spring wheat) as an example, and the method of the present invention is applicable to all wheat varieties.

Example 1

(1) And (3) cultivation and management of wheat: before sowing, the soil is turned over in the planting area to make the ground surface smooth and sparse, and after sowing, before treatment, base fertilizer is added properly to increase the soil fertility. The wheat variety is spring wheat Yangmai 15, each processing seed has three lines, each line has two meters, the line spacing is 20cm, and the wheat variety is divided into different processing subareas. Periodically checking seedlings and replanting seeds, removing weeds, watering in good time to replenish water, and paying attention to prevent plant diseases and insect pests.

(2) And (3) determining the jointing stage: after wheat seedlings emerge, selecting well-grown seedlings, stripping the glume protection and the inner glume of the wheat young ears, observing the development process of the wheat young ears by using a body type microscope, photographing and recording, and determining the jointing stage of the growth of the wheat.

(2) Determination of 1-MCP concentration and spraying time: three concentrations of 2,4 and 8mg/L were set for 1-MCP. The prepared 1-MCP solution is subpackaged in a sprinkling can in the jointing stage, wheat is sprayed at the temperature of 17:00-19:00 (the temperature is low, the solution is prevented from evaporating) every day, the spraying amount is 100 mL/line (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/mu), and the wheat is continuously sprayed for 5 days.

(4) Sampling and observing wheat florets: and (3) sampling and observing the wheat florets from the 10 th day after spraying treatment, wherein the sampling is carried out once every 3 days for 3 times. The glume protection and the inner glume of the wheat are stripped by using tweezers, and the wheat florets are photographed and recorded by using a body type microscope.

FIG. 2 is a comparison of wheat florets after different spray treatments. From FIG. 2, it can be seen that the size and number of florets vary with growth time. When 10 days, the wheat after different treatments all grow small flowers. At 13d, the wheat florets after different treatments have degenerated to different degrees. When the time is 16 days, the wheat treated by the contrast is degenerated by 3 florets, 3 fertile florets are remained, and the floret degeneration rate is 50 percent; the wheat treated by 2,4 and 8 mg/L1-MCP only degenerates 2 florets, the remaining 4 fertile florets, and the floret degeneration rate is 33.3%. The results show that the 1-MCP treatment reduces the wheat floret degeneration, and the floret degeneration rate is reduced by nearly 17%.

(5) Sampling and observing wheat caryopsis: and (5) after the wheat blooms, carrying out listing marking. Control-treated and 2 mg/L1-MCP-treated wheat were selected for sampling 10 days after flowering. The glume protection and the inner glume of the wheat are stripped by using tweezers, and the wheat glume at different parts is photographed and recorded by using a body type microscope.

FIG. 3 is a comparison of spikelets at the top, middle and base of the control group and 2 mg/L1-MCP-treated group at 10 days after anthesis. From FIG. 3 it can be seen that the glumes have grown in the wheat under the different treatments 10 days after flowering, and that the number and volume of wheat seeds at the top, middle and basal of the ear increased after 1-MCP treatment compared to the control. FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the spikelet top, middle and basal caryopsis of the control group and the 2 mg/L1-MCP-treated group 10 days after anthesis. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the growth of the wheat caryopsis after different treatments is different 10 days after the flower. Compared with the control group, the number and the volume of the wheat glumes at different parts are increased after the 1-MCP treatment. The above results indicate that the number of degenerated florets decreased after 1-MCP treatment.

(6) Harvesting and measuring the grain number of the ears and the thousand grain weight. After the wheat is mature (45 days after the wheat blossoms), the seeds are harvested, the number of grains per spike and the thousand grain weight are measured and recorded, and the data are analyzed and counted by software. Through statistics and analysis of data, the difference of the number of grains per spike and the thousand grain weight and the difference of yield under different spraying treatments can be obtained through comparison.

FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the number of grains per spike and the thousand grain weight after different spray treatments. As can be seen from FIG. 5, after the treatment of 1-MCP with different concentrations, the number of wheat ears and the thousand kernel weight are both significantly improved compared with the control. The results show that after the 1-MCP treatment, the degradation rate of florets is obviously reduced, and the grain number per ear and the thousand grain weight of wheat are obviously improved.

The method of the present invention is not limited to regions and varieties, and is applicable to all wheat. Therefore, in agricultural production, 1-MCP with certain concentration can be sprayed in the wheat jointing stage to increase the wheat yield.

Claims (7)

1. A method for reducing wheat floret degeneration is characterized in that 1-methylcyclopropene is sprayed in the jointing stage of wheat.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying concentration of the 1-methylcyclopropene is 2-8 mg/L.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the 1-methylcyclopropene is sprayed for a period of time of 17:00 to 19:00 daily.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the spraying days of the 1-methylcyclopropene are 4-6 consecutive days.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of days of spraying the 1-methylcyclopropene is 5 consecutive days.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the spraying amount of the 1-methylcyclopropene is 500-2000 mg/acre.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the wheat variety is Yangmai 15.

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