CN1136403C - 手动变速装置的同步器 - Google Patents

手动变速装置的同步器 Download PDF

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CN1136403C
CN1136403C CNB001085859A CN00108585A CN1136403C CN 1136403 C CN1136403 C CN 1136403C CN B001085859 A CNB001085859 A CN B001085859A CN 00108585 A CN00108585 A CN 00108585A CN 1136403 C CN1136403 C CN 1136403C
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gear
sleeve
inner sleeve
outer sleeve
synchronizer
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CN1299937A (zh
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鱼顺基
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Hyundai Motor Co
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/04Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
    • F16D23/06Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch and a blocking mechanism preventing the engagement of the main clutch prior to synchronisation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/04Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
    • F16D23/06Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch and a blocking mechanism preventing the engagement of the main clutch prior to synchronisation
    • F16D2023/0631Sliding sleeves; Details thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19219Interchangeably locked
    • Y10T74/19284Meshing assisters

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

手动变速装置的同步器,具有轴毂齿轮,变速齿轮,和离合齿轮,以及套筒,以在齿轮换档过程中向轴向移动和被同步到离合齿轮上,该套筒包括:被联结到轴毂齿轮的一外周上的一内套筒,以在齿轮换档过程中轴向地移动和被啮合到离合齿轮上;一外套筒,其位于内套筒的一外周上并且从一驾驶员接收一齿轮换档操作力,以轴向移动;和安装在内套筒与外套筒之间的缓冲联锁单元,以使内套筒沿外套筒移动,并且同时用作缓冲器。

Description

手动变速装置的同步器
本发明涉及手动变速装置的一同步器,尤其是涉及被构造和布置成通过一换档拨叉分离一轴向移动的套筒的手动变速装置的一同步器,以改善一换档操作感觉和提高变速装置的使用寿命。
手动变速装置的一同步器用于当驱动齿轮与从动齿轮啮合时使两者的转速同步,通过在它们之间的软啮合来防止由于齿轮换档而产生冲击。
在如此所述的手动变速装置的同步器中,当由一驾驶员施加的一变速杆操作力经一换档拨叉3供给一套筒4时,该套筒4就在装备到一主轴1的一轴毂齿轮2的一外侧滑动,以移动一同步器键8,该键进而向一同步器环7提供压力。
这时,同步器环7经一锥形离合器而被联结(couple)到一变速齿轮5的一离合齿轮6上,以抵消轴毂齿轮2与变速齿轮5之间的转速差,使之同步。
当如上所述被同步时,套筒4进一步移动,以与离合齿轮6完全啮合,从而将轴毂齿轮2与离合齿轮6机械地连接(connect)起来并完成齿轮换档力的传递。
但是,在根据如此所述的现有技术的手动变速装置的同步器中,存在一问题,即如果元件中的某些件质量低劣、不正常地磨损或者一驾驶员粗暴地进行齿轮换档操作的话,就会产生一震耳欲聋的噪声和振动,从而缩短变速装置的寿命。
另一问题是,如果出现上述那些差错,则振动声音可能经套筒4和换档拨叉3直接传输到驾驶员,从而降低了齿轮换档的操作感觉。
本发明旨在解决前述问题,并且本发明的一目的是提供手动变速装置的一同步器,其被构造和布置成通过一换档拨叉将一移动的套筒分离成一内套筒和一外套筒,以软化(柔和化)一换档操作感觉和提高变速装置的一使用寿命。
根据本发明,提供了用于手动变速装置的一同步器,该同步器具有被联结到一主轴上的一轴毂齿轮,相对于轴毂齿轮的一侧表面安装到主轴上的一变速齿轮,和相对于轴毂齿轮侧形成在其一内表面上的一离合齿轮,以及被联结到轴毂齿轮的一外周上的一套筒,以在齿轮换档过程中向轴向移动和被同步到离合齿轮上,其中,该套筒包括:
被联结到轴毂齿轮的一外周上的一内套筒,以在齿轮换档过程中轴向地移动和被啮合到离合齿轮上;
一外套筒,其位于内套筒的一外周上并且从一驾驶员接收一齿轮换档操作力,以轴向移动;和
安装在内套筒与外套筒之间的缓冲联锁装置,以使内套筒沿外套筒移动,并且同时用作缓冲器。
为了更完整地理解本发明的特性和目的,下面参照附图更详细地描述本发明,其中:
图1是表示根据现有技术的手动变速装置的一同步器的一构造图;
图2是表示本发明一第一实施例的一剖视图;
图3是表示本发明的一第二实施例的一剖视图;和
图4是表示本发明一第三实施例的一剖视图。
下面参照附图描述本发明的优选实施例。
图2是表示本发明一第一实施例的一剖视图,其中示出了手动变速装置的一同步器。
根据本阀的第一实施例的同步器包括一轴毂齿轮52,其通过花键连接到一主轴51上,从而可随主轴51一起转动;一变速齿轮55,其相对于轴毂齿轮52的一侧面安装在主轴51上,以传递一传动力;按离合齿轮56,其安装在变速齿轮55的一横向侧并形成有一锥形部分56a;一套筒60,其被联结到轴毂齿轮52的一外周上,以轴向地移动;和一同步环57,其设置在套筒60与离合齿轮56之间,以提供一摩擦力,从而当套筒60移动时启动同步操作。
此外,在轴毂齿轮52与套筒60之间,设有多个同步键58,以当套筒60移动时将同步环57固定到离合齿轮56的锥形部分56a上,此处同步键58从安装在轴毂齿轮52两侧的一键弹簧接收弹性力,从而贴附(adhere)到套筒60的一内表面上。
特别是,套筒60包括通过花键连接到轴毂齿轮52上的一内套筒61,以当进行一齿轮换档时轴向地移动,从而被啮合到离合齿轮56上;被联结到内套筒的一外周上的一外套筒65,其用于经一换档拨叉69接收一驾驶员的一变速操作力,以允许内套筒61轴向移动;和一缓冲联锁机构70,其安装在内套筒61与外套筒65之间,以同时移动设置于其间的一预定间隔。
在该位置,在内套筒61的一内周上形成有花键齿61a,以与轴毂齿轮52的一外侧啮合;同时形成有槽61b,其被联结到同步键58的一背面。
此外,在内套筒61的一外周上形成有花键齿61c,以使外套筒65轴向地移动并且联结到内套筒上。在外套筒65的一内周上形成有花键齿65a,以与内套筒61的外花键齿61c啮合;并且在其外周上圆周地形成有与换档拨叉69啮合的槽65b。
缓冲联锁机构70包括一联锁键71,其安装在内套筒61与外套筒65之间,以一起移动;和一缓冲弹簧75,用于提供一弹性,以允许联锁键71相对于内套筒61的两侧被贴附到外套筒65上。
联锁键71以杆状物质形成一预定的大小,其类似于同步键58,并且形成有一背面71a,该背面缓慢倾斜地突出,以连结(join)外套筒65,并且在其下面还形成一卡爪部分71b,以容纳缓冲弹簧75。
在该位置,缓冲弹簧75被形成为具有比键弹簧59更强的一弹性,以向联锁键71提供一弹性,从而当外套筒65被轴向地致动时,能同时移动内套筒61。在内套筒61的一外周形成有多个键槽61d,以当提供缓冲联锁机构70时允许联锁键71位于其内,同时外套筒65形成有槽部分65c,联锁键71的背面71a联结在该槽部分65c内。
下面,描述如此构成的第一实施例的操作。
当经换档拨叉69向外套筒65提供一驾驶员的一变速杆操作力时,外套筒65就移向一变速齿轮方向,此处,已从缓冲弹簧75接收一弹性力的联锁键71也同时移向外套筒65,从而向内套筒61供给一轴向移动力。
换言之,安装在外套筒65的前进方向后侧的缓冲弹簧75被缓冲键71的卡爪部分71b钩住,就在外套筒65的前进方向随同联锁键71一起移动,此处缓冲弹簧75推压内套筒61的一侧表面,以随同内套筒61一起同时移动外套筒65。
接着,外套筒65在安装于主轴51的轴毂齿轮52的一外侧随同内套筒61一起滑动,以移动同步键58,从而同步键58用来向同步环57提供一压力。
此时,同步环57被联结到离合齿轮56的锥形部分56a上,以抵消轴毂齿轮52与变速齿轮55之间的一转速差,由此实现一同步操作。
当如上所述完成同步时,内套筒61被进一步移动,以完全啮合到离合齿轮56上,从而轴毂齿轮52与离合齿轮56机械地连接,完成齿轮换档。此外,即使在如上所述进行齿轮换档后,和即使在齿轮换到一空档位置时,外套筒65与内套筒61在如上所述的同一过程中被移向空档位置。
同时,当一驾驶员突然操作进行一换档时,内套筒61就被迅速地啮合到同步环57和离合齿轮56上,以产生一预定程度的排斥力,此处外套筒65由内套筒61经缓冲联锁机构70致动,并且同时产生一相对小的位移。接着,联锁键71通过缓冲弹簧75的弹性插入外套筒65的槽部分65c内,以获得一正常的位置,从而外套筒65与内套筒61之间的小位移就恢复到所形成的原始状态。
因此,即使驾驶员突然操作和换档变速杆,由此产生的排斥力也会在某种程度上由外套筒65与内套筒61之间的一相对小的运动以及缓冲弹簧75的减振力所吸收,从而传递给驾驶员的换档操作感觉就得到了相应的改善。
此外,在齿轮换档或者换档到一空档位置的过程中,当内套筒61被啮合到同步环57、离合齿轮56或类似件上,或者与它们脱离啮合时,换档拨叉69的一操作力就经外套筒65和缓冲联锁机构70传递给内套筒61,由此可进行一更柔和的换档操作,从而可减轻各部件之间的碰撞,降低在同步器内磨损的产生。
图3是表示本发明的一第二实施例的一剖视图,其中示出了手动变速装置的一同步器。
根据本发明第二实施例的同步器不同于第一实施例的在于缓冲联锁机构70’的构造。
在本发明第一实施例中向联锁键71提供一弹性力的缓冲弹簧75是安装在内套筒61两侧的一环形弹簧,而在第二实施例中,一联锁键71’如此地构造,以至于被一螺旋弹簧75’支承。形成多个槽61a’和71a’,从而螺旋弹簧75’被插入地安装在一内套筒61’的一外周和联锁键71’的一内表面上。固定于外套筒65’的一内周表面上的联锁键71’从安装于内套筒61’的槽61a’内的螺旋弹簧75’接收一弹性力。因此,当一齿轮换档或者换到一空档位置时,联锁键71’与螺旋弹簧75’就用作在第一实施例的操作中所述的缓冲器。
图4是根据本发明的一第三实施例的一剖视图,其中示出了手动变速装置的一同步器。
根据本发明第三实施例的一缓冲联锁机构70”包括安装在一内套筒61”与一外套筒65”之间的一橡胶弹性件。换言之,成形为一橡胶键形状的缓冲联锁机构70”以多个数量安装在内套筒61”与外套筒65”之间,以减轻在套筒60”移动时可能产生的冲击。
在该位置,由橡胶弹性件制造的缓冲联锁机构70”可以被构造成以其内部或外部附着(attach)到内套筒61”和外套筒65”上,并且也可以被构造成插入到形成在内套筒61”与外套筒65”上的槽61a”和65a”内。
虽然参照包括一个同步环的有关单锥体方法的一同步器的目前最佳的实施例描述了本发明,但具有不同构造来致动同步操作和沿套筒的一轴向进行齿轮换档的各种同步器可容易地实现。
换言之,本发明可容易地应用到安装有两个同步环(内环与外环)的双锥体方法的一同步器和不设同步键的无键方法的一同步器中。
由前述显而易见,在根据如此构造和操作的本发明的手动变速装置的同步器中,具有一优点,其中一套筒被分成一内套筒和一外套筒,同时在这两个套筒之间安装一缓冲联锁机构,从而在换档杆的变换或者齿轮换档到一空档的过程中,可减轻元部件之间的碰撞,从而改善部件的寿命。
另一优点在于:即使驾驶员进行一突然操作或者突然换档变速杆,由于冲击减轻的一状态经一缓冲联锁机构和一外套筒传递给驾驶员,因此提供一改善的变速杆操作感觉。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于手动变速装置的同步器,该同步器具有被联结到一主轴上的一轴毂齿轮,相对于轴毂齿轮的一侧表面安装到主轴上的一变速齿轮,和相对于轴毂齿轮侧形成在其一内表面上的一离合齿轮,以及被联结到轴毂齿轮的一外周上的一套筒,以在齿轮换档过程中向轴向移动并与离合齿轮同步,其特征是该套筒包括:
被联结到轴毂齿轮的一外周上的一内套筒,以在齿轮换档过程中轴向地移动和被啮合到离合齿轮上;
一外套筒,其位于内套筒的一外周上并且从一驾驶员接收一齿轮换档操作力,以轴向移动;和
安装在内套筒与外套筒之间的缓冲联锁装置,以使内套筒沿外套筒移动,并且同时用作缓冲器。
2.如权利要求1所述的同步器,其特征是内套筒与外套筒用花键联结,以相对轴向移动,并且分别形成有一组键槽和槽部分,同时缓冲联锁装置包括:
一联锁键,其被插入内套筒的键槽内,以贴附到外套筒的槽单元上;和
一缓冲弹簧,用于从内套筒的两侧向外套筒方向推压联锁键。
3.如权利要求2所述的同步器,其特征是缓冲弹簧是环形的。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的同步器,其特征是在联锁键上形成有一背面突起,用以容纳到外套筒的槽部分内,并且在其两个内端形成有一卡爪部分,用于缓冲弹簧被钩挂到其上。
5.如权利要求1所述的同步器,其特征是内套筒与外套筒用花键联结,以相对轴向移动,并且分别形成有一组键槽和槽部分,同时缓冲联锁装置包括:
一联锁键,其被插入键槽内,以被联结到外套筒的槽部分内;和
弹性装置,其安装在内套筒与联锁键之间,以向外套筒推压联锁键。
6.如权利要求5所述的同步器,其特征是弹性装置是一螺旋弹簧,同时在内套筒与联锁键上形成有槽,以使螺旋弹簧的两端插入这些槽内。
7.如权利要求1所述的同步器,其特征是内套筒与外套筒被联结成相对轴向运动,并且在其相互联结的表面上分别形成有一组键槽和槽部分,同时缓冲联锁装置是一橡胶弹性件,其上部和下部分别插入内套筒的键槽和外套筒的槽部分内。
8.如权利要求7所述的同步器,其特征是橡胶弹性件在下面被固定到内套筒的键槽内,并且被插入外套筒的槽部分内,以能进行一良好的相对运动。
CNB001085859A 1999-12-15 2000-05-18 手动变速装置的同步器 Expired - Fee Related CN1136403C (zh)

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JP3525202B2 (ja) 2004-05-10
DE10024658A1 (de) 2001-09-20
DE10024658C2 (de) 2002-04-18
JP2001173677A (ja) 2001-06-26
CN1299937A (zh) 2001-06-20
US6354416B1 (en) 2002-03-12
KR100354141B1 (ko) 2002-09-28
KR20010056505A (ko) 2001-07-04

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