CN113623868A - Air source heat pump water heater - Google Patents
Air source heat pump water heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN113623868A CN113623868A CN202110943679.8A CN202110943679A CN113623868A CN 113623868 A CN113623868 A CN 113623868A CN 202110943679 A CN202110943679 A CN 202110943679A CN 113623868 A CN113623868 A CN 113623868A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
Abstract
The invention discloses an air source heat pump water heater, which comprises a heat storage water tank and a plurality of heat pump units connected with the heat storage water tank; the heat pump unit comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a first temperature acquisition device, a second temperature acquisition device and a second controller; the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are respectively used for exchanging heat with the external environment and water in the heat storage water tank; the first temperature acquisition device and the second temperature acquisition device are respectively connected with the second controller and used for acquiring the temperature of the first heat exchanger and the ambient temperature; the second controller is provided with heating capacity, refrigerating capacity and defrosting temperature of the heat pump unit under different environmental temperatures; when the temperature of the first heat exchanger reaches the defrosting temperature, the heat pump unit defrosts; the heat storage water tank comprises a first controller which is in communication connection with each second controller respectively; the first controller calculates the total refrigerating capacity of each heat pump unit for defrosting, and controls at least one other heat pump unit to start, so that the generated total heating capacity is not less than the total refrigerating capacity. The invention can defrost without affecting water temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat pump water heaters, in particular to an air source heat pump water heater.
Background
The air source heat pump water heater heats water in the heat storage water tank through the heat pump, and provides hot water for daily life or work of people. Because the heat in the air is conveyed to the water tank by utilizing the configuration change of the refrigerant, the energy efficiency ratio is higher. Therefore, the air source heat pump water heater is more and more widely applied under the background of the times of energy conservation and emission reduction.
However, the air source heat pump water heater is used when the temperature is low and the humidity is high in winter, and is prone to frosting. The existing air source heat pump water heater circularly absorbs the heat of hot water through a refrigerant system to defrost an outdoor heat exchanger, so that the water temperature in a water tank tends to decrease or results. Especially when the water level in the water tank is lower, the temperature of the water in the water tank drops more obviously, and the use experience of a user is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the user experience is influenced by the reduction of water temperature when a heat pump unit of the air source heat pump water heater defrosts in the prior art, the invention provides the air source heat pump water heater, which improves defrosting control logic, avoids the reduction of water temperature when the heat pump unit defrosts and improves user experience.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an air source heat pump water heater comprises a heat storage water tank and a plurality of heat pump units respectively connected with the heat storage water tank;
the heat pump unit comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a first temperature acquisition device, a second temperature acquisition device and a second controller; the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are respectively used for exchanging heat with an external environment and exchanging heat with water in the heat storage water tank; the first temperature acquisition device and the second temperature acquisition device are respectively connected with the second controller, and are used for acquiring the temperature of the first heat exchanger and the ambient temperature and transmitting the temperature and the ambient temperature to the second controller;
each second controller is respectively configured with the heating capacity, the refrigerating capacity and the defrosting temperature of the corresponding heat pump unit at different environmental temperatures, and when the temperature of the first heat exchanger reaches the defrosting temperature, the corresponding heat pump unit is controlled to defrost;
the heat storage water tank comprises a first controller which is in communication connection with each second controller respectively; and the first controller calculates the total refrigerating capacity of each heat pump unit for defrosting according to the environment temperature and the corresponding refrigerating capacity, and controls at least one other heat pump unit to start so that the total heating capacity of the heat pump unit at the environment temperature is not less than the total refrigerating capacity.
In one embodiment, the first temperature acquisition device cyclically detects the temperature of the first heat exchanger and transmits the temperature to the second controller; the second controller calculates the temperature change rate of the first heat exchanger, and predicts the time of entering defrosting from the defrosting temperature to the first heat exchanger temperature change rate as the prediction time;
the second controller is configured with a preliminary defrost time and determines whether the predicted time is less than the preliminary defrost time; when the predicted time is less than the preliminary defrosting time, transmitting the ambient temperature and the corresponding refrigerating capacity to the first controller; the first controller controls at least one of the heat pump units to start heating, so that the total heating capacity is not less than the total refrigerating capacity of the heat pump unit to be defrosted.
In one embodiment, the preliminary defrost time is no less than 3 minutes.
In one embodiment, the heating capacity and the cooling capacity are experimentally measured by a method of setting spaced ambient temperature points; and the heating capacity and the cooling capacity which are not at the environment temperature point are obtained by an interpolation method.
In one embodiment, the hot water storage tank further comprises a water level detection device and a third temperature acquisition device, which are respectively connected with the first controller, detect the water quantity and the water temperature of the hot water storage tank and transmit the water quantity and the water temperature to the first controller; the first controller is configured with an upper water temperature limit;
the first controller is configured to calculate a first heat amount required for the water in the heat storage water tank to reach the upper temperature limit according to the water amount, the water temperature, and the upper water temperature limit when defrosting is completed and there is no heat pump unit of which the predicted time is less than the preliminary defrosting time, and control at least one heat pump unit to operate so that the total heating amount is not less than the first heat amount.
In one embodiment, the first controller is configured to calculate a water temperature change rate according to the water temperature, and to control the number of the heat pump units to be operated to be increased or decreased according to the water temperature change rate.
In some embodiments, the first controller is configured with an antifreeze water temperature, an antifreeze release water temperature; when the first controller is in a standby mode, circularly detecting the water temperature and judging whether the water temperature is smaller than the anti-freezing water temperature; when the water temperature is less than the anti-freezing water temperature, executing anti-freezing control;
the anti-freezing control comprises the steps of calculating a second heat quantity required by the water in the heat storage water tank to be anti-frozen according to the water quantity, the water temperature and the anti-freezing water temperature, and controlling at least one heat pump unit to be started to enable the total heating quantity to be not less than the second heat quantity; and when the water temperature is higher than the anti-freezing water temperature, controlling each heat pump unit to stop running.
In some embodiments, the first controller presets an anti-freeze ring temperature and is configured to execute the anti-freeze control when the ambient temperature is less than the anti-freeze ring temperature and the water temperature is less than the anti-freeze water temperature.
In some embodiments, the anti-freezing control further comprises controlling each heat pump unit to sequentially control each heat pump unit to run at a low load starting time until the second heat is reached when each heat pump unit is started;
and when the low-load operation of each heat pump unit cannot reach the second heat quantity, sequentially controlling each heat pump unit to increase the load of each heat pump unit until the total heating quantity reaches the second heat quantity.
In some embodiments, the anti-freezing control further includes calculating an average temperature rise value of each heat pump unit averaged to be started after each heat pump unit is started until the total heating capacity of the heat pump units reaches the second heating capacity; the average temperature rise value is the value obtained by subtracting the anti-freezing temperature from the anti-freezing release temperature divided by the number of the started heat pump units; when the water temperature is not less than the sum of the average temperature rise value multiplied by the number of heat pump units and the anti-freezing water temperature, controlling the heat pump units corresponding to the number of heat pump units to stop running;
and calculating the average temperature rise value and judging the water temperature for multiple times until all the heat pump units stop operating.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following technical effects:
when one or more of the heat pump units are defrosted, the air source heat pump water heater controls one or more of the other heat pump units which are not defrosted to perform heating operation, so that the total heating quantity generated by each heat pump unit in the heating operation is not less than the total refrigerating quantity generated by each heat pump unit in the defrosting operation, the heat in water in the heat storage water tank is dynamically balanced or gradually increased, the water temperature is prevented from dropping, the hot water used by a user is not influenced, and the use experience of the user is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an air source heat pump water heater according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of an embodiment of an air source heat pump water heater of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a control flow chart of an embodiment of the air source heat pump water heater of the invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a heat storage water tank; 2. a heat pump unit; 3. a first controller; 4. a water level detection device; 5. a second controller; 6. a first temperature acquisition device; 7. a second temperature acquisition device; 8. a third temperature acquisition device; 11. a cold water outlet; 12. a hot water inlet; 13. a hot water outlet; 14. a water return port.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. In the foregoing description of embodiments, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the air source heat pump water heater of the invention comprises a heat storage water tank 1 and a plurality of heat pump units 2.
The heat storage water tank 1 is used for storing water and comprises a cold water outlet 11, a hot water inlet 12, a hot water outlet 13 and a water return port 14; the cold water outlet 11 and the hot water inlet 12 are respectively connected with each heat pump unit 2 and used for heating water in the heat storage water tank 1. The hot water outlet 13 is used for providing hot water in the heat storage water tank 1 to a water user; the water return port 14 is used for returning residual hot water.
The heat storage water tank 1 is provided with a first controller 3 for controlling the starting and standby of the air source heat pump water heater; each heat pump unit 2 is provided with a second controller 5; the first controllers 3 are respectively connected in communication with the second controllers 5.
The heat pump unit 2 further comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a first temperature acquisition device 6 and a second temperature acquisition device 7. The first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger form an evaporator and a condenser of a refrigerant system, and are respectively used for exchanging heat with an external environment and exchanging heat with water in the heat storage water tank 1, so that the purpose of absorbing heat of the external environment to heat the water in the heat storage water tank 1 is achieved. The first temperature acquisition device 6 is connected with the first heat exchanger, electrically connected with the second controller 5, acquires the temperature of the first heat exchanger and transmits the temperature to the second controller 5; the second temperature acquisition device 7 is arranged on the heat pump unit 2, electrically connected with the second controller 5, and used for acquiring the ambient temperature of the external environment and transmitting the ambient temperature to the second controller 5.
Each second controller 5 is respectively provided with defrosting temperatures at different environmental temperatures and is configured to circularly judge whether the temperature of the first heat exchanger is lower than the defrosting temperature; and when the temperature of the first heat exchanger is lower than the defrosting temperature, controlling the corresponding heat pump unit 2 to defrost.
Each second controller 5 is also configured with the refrigerating capacity and the heating capacity of the corresponding heat pump unit 2 at different environmental temperatures. When one or more heat pump units 2 perform defrosting operation, the ambient temperature and the corresponding refrigerating capacity are transmitted to the first controller 3; the first controller 3 controls the heating operation of at least one other heat pump unit 2, so that the total heating capacity generated by the other heat pump unit is not less than the total cooling capacity generated by each heat pump unit 2 during defrosting.
When one or more heat pump units 2 of the air source heat pump water heater provided by the invention defrost, the heating operation of at least one other heat pump unit 2 is controlled, so that the total heating capacity generated by each heat pump unit 2 in the heating operation is not less than the total refrigerating capacity generated by each heat pump unit 2 in the defrosting operation, the heat in the heat storage water tank 1 is balanced because the received total refrigerating capacity is not more than the received total heating capacity, the water temperature is prevented from dropping, the problem that cold water suddenly appears in the use process of a hot water user is prevented, and the use experience of the user is improved.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the cooling capacity and the heating capacity of each heat pump unit 2 at different ambient temperatures are measured by setting a plurality of ambient temperature points with intervals and performing experiments at each ambient temperature point.
When the ambient temperature of the heat pump units 2 during defrosting is not the temperature of the ambient temperature point, the refrigerating capacity and the heating capacity corresponding to the ambient temperature of each heat pump unit 2 at the non-ambient temperature point can be calculated and obtained by an interpolation method.
Of course, the tests of the refrigerating capacity and the heating capacity are the refrigerating capacity and the heating capacity in unit time.
The air source heat pump water heater of this embodiment calculates the refrigerating output, the heating capacity that correspond all ambient temperature points through the refrigerating output, the heating capacity that each ambient temperature point that the experiment was surveyed, and through the method of interpolation calculation, makes data more accurate, reduces calculation error, further prevents to appear the condition that actual total heating capacity is less than total refrigerating output, guarantees the stability of hydrothermal temperature during the defrosting, promotes user experience.
Preferably, the interval between adjacent ambient temperature points is 5 ℃.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, each second controller 5 receives the corresponding first heat exchanger temperature in a cycle, and calculates a first heat exchanger temperature change rate, and the time from the first heat exchanger temperature to the defrosting temperature is predicted as the predicted time.
Each second controller 5 is configured with a preliminary defrosting time, and judges whether the predicted time is less than the preliminary defrosting time; when the predicted time is less than the preliminary defrosting time, transmitting the ambient temperature and the refrigerating capacity corresponding to the ambient temperature to the first controller 3; the first controller 3 controls at least one other heat pump unit 2 to perform heating operation, so that the total heating capacity generated by the other heat pump unit 2 is not less than the total cooling capacity generated by each heat pump unit 2 during defrosting.
In this embodiment, the start-up delay of the compressor when the heat pump unit 2 in the shutdown state is started to heat is prevented, so that although the heating operation of the heat pump units 2 in a sufficient number is controlled, the heating amount is insufficient due to the start-up delay of the compressor.
Preferably, the first heat exchanger temperature rate of change is calculated once per minute. The preliminary defrosting time is set to not less than 3 minutes.
Preferably, the defrosting temperatures at different ambient temperatures are set according to a formula.
Te =1+ To when 6 ≦ Ta;
te = To when 0 ≦ Ta < 6;
te = (10 × Ta-87)/16 + To when-5 < Ta < 0;
-10 < Ta ≦ 5, Te = (16 × Ta-50)/16 + To;
te = (16 × Ta-100)/20 + To when-10 is more than or equal To Ta > -20;
te = (16 × Ta-120)/20 + To when-20 is larger than or equal To Ta;
Tais ambient temperature; t iseDefrosting temperature; t is0Is warmThe offset is set according to the heat pump units 2 of different models.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the hot water storage tank 1 further includes a water level detection device 4 and a third temperature obtaining device 8, which are respectively connected to the first controller 3; the water level detection device 4 is used for detecting the amount of water in the hot water storage tank 1 and transmitting the detected amount of water to the first controller 3. A third temperature acquisition device 8 is provided in the hot water storage tank 1 for detecting the temperature of the water in the hot water storage tank 1 and transmitting it to the first controller 3. The first controller 3 is also provided with an upper limit for the water temperature.
When defrosting of each heat pump unit 2 is completed and the heat pump unit 2 is not operated, the first controller 3 calculates a first heat required for the water in the heat storage water tank 1 to reach the upper limit of the water temperature according to the water quantity, the water temperature and the upper limit of the water temperature. The first controller 3 controls the heating operation of at least one heat pump unit 2 according to the ambient temperature and the heating amount of each corresponding heat pump unit 2, so that the total heat generated by the heat pump units is not less than the first heat, and the heating amount for heating the water in the heat storage water tank 1 is met.
Preferably, the heating capacity of the heat pump units 2 with different environmental temperatures is the heating capacity in a unit hour, and the total heat generated by each heat pump unit 2 in the heating operation enables the water in the heat storage water tank 1 to reach the upper temperature limit in the unit hour.
Preferably, the water level detection device 4 detects the water level in the hot water storage tank 1; the specification and the size of the hot water storage tank 1 are arranged in the first controller 3; the first controller 3 calculates the current amount of water based on the water level and the specification size of the hot water storage tank 1.
Specifically, when the hot water storage tank 1 is cylindrical,
Q1=4.187 ×（Tm- Tb）× （3.14×D2/4×h）/3.6
q1 is the first heat;
Tmis the upper limit of water temperature;
Tbthe water temperature is adopted;
d is the diameter of the heat storage water tank 1;
h is the water level.
Preferably, the water level detecting device 4 is a water level sensor, and acquires water level points having a certain height. When the water in the hot water storage tank 1 is between two adjacent water sites, the water level of the high water site is taken. Ensuring higher efficiency in heating the water in the hot water storage tank 1.
Preferably, the first temperature acquisition device 6, the second temperature acquisition device 7 and the third temperature acquisition device 8 are all temperature sensors.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, when the air source heat pump water heater completes defrosting and controls each heat pump unit 2 to perform heating operation, the first controller 3 is configured to calculate a water temperature change rate according to the detected water temperature, and control to increase or decrease the number of the heat pump units 2 to be operated according to the water temperature change rate.
The embodiment controls the operation and the stop operation of the heat pump unit 2 by calculating the water temperature change rate in the process of manufacturing hot water in the normal state of the air source heat pump water heater, the efficiency is higher, and the stability is better.
Preferably, when the air source heat pump water heater is in the initial starting mode, the number of the heat pump units 2 which are started initially is controlled by adopting a method for calculating the water quantity and the first required heat quantity. In the using process, the operation and the stop of the heat pump unit 2 are controlled by a method of calculating the water temperature change rate, so that the hot water making efficiency is improved, the efficiency of the heat pump unit 2 is improved, and the stability of providing hot water is improved.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the first controller 3 is configured with an antifreeze water temperature and an antifreeze release water temperature. When the first controller 3 controls the heat storage water tank 1 to be in a standby mode, circularly detecting the water temperature and judging whether the water temperature is less than the anti-freezing water temperature; and when the water temperature is less than the anti-freezing water temperature, executing anti-freezing control.
The antifreeze control includes detecting the amount of water in the hot water storage tank 1, and calculating a second amount of heat required for the water in the hot water storage tank 1 to reach the antifreeze removal water temperature based on the amount of water, the water temperature, and the antifreeze removal water temperature. The first controller 3 controls the heating operation of at least one heat pump unit 2, so that the total heating quantity generated by the heat pump unit is not less than the second heating quantity, the water in the heat storage water tank 1 is heated until the water temperature reaches the anti-freezing water temperature, and the heat pump units 2 are controlled to stop operating.
The embodiment realizes the high efficiency of the air source heat pump water heater and prevents frostbite, and improves the operation efficiency of each heat pump unit 2.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the first controller 3 is further configured with an anti-freeze ring temperature, and determines whether the environmental temperature is less than the anti-freeze ring temperature; when the ambient temperature is less than the anti-freeze ring temperature and the water temperature is less than the anti-freeze water temperature, the first controller 3 performs the anti-freeze control.
The embodiment prevents the energy waste caused by the anti-freezing control when the water temperature is less than the anti-freezing water temperature and the environment temperature is higher than the anti-freezing ring temperature, and saves the energy.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the anti-freezing control further includes controlling, by the first controller 3, each heat pump unit 2 to sequentially perform low load heating operation when the ambient temperature is less than the anti-freezing ring temperature and the water temperature is less than the anti-freezing water temperature until the total heating capacity of each heat pump unit 2 reaches the second heating capacity.
When the low-load heating operation of all the heat pump units 2 cannot reach the second heat quantity, the heat pump units 2 are controlled to sequentially increase the total heating quantity loaded to the heat pump units 2 to reach the second heat quantity.
The embodiment increases the operation efficiency of each heat pump unit 2.
Preferably, the low load of the heat pump unit 2 is 25% load; the load was increased by 50%, 75% and 100%.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the anti-freeze control further includes calculating an average temperature rise value of each heat pump unit 2 averaged to start up when the total heating amount for controlling each heat pump unit 2 to operate reaches the second heating amount; the average temperature rise value is the value obtained by subtracting the anti-freezing water temperature from the anti-freezing release temperature divided by the number of the started heat pump units 2.
And when the water temperature is not less than the sum of the average temperature rise value multiplied by the number of heat pump units and the anti-freezing water temperature, controlling the heat pump units 2 with the corresponding number to stop running.
And calculating the average temperature rise value and judging the water temperature for many times until all the heat pump units 2 stop operating.
In the embodiment, the stop operation of each heat pump unit 2 for heating to prevent freezing is gradually controlled, and the excessive waste heat caused by the stop operation of each heat pump unit 2 when the water temperature for preventing freezing is removed is prevented, so that the energy waste is reduced, the energy is saved, and the efficiency is improved.
In the foregoing description of embodiments, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An air source heat pump water heater is characterized by comprising a heat storage water tank and a plurality of heat pump units respectively connected with the heat storage water tank;
the heat pump unit comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a first temperature acquisition device, a second temperature acquisition device and a second controller; the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are respectively used for exchanging heat with an external environment and exchanging heat with water in the heat storage water tank; the first temperature acquisition device and the second temperature acquisition device are respectively connected with the second controller, and are used for acquiring the temperature of the first heat exchanger and the ambient temperature and transmitting the temperature and the ambient temperature to the second controller;
each second controller is respectively configured with the heating capacity, the refrigerating capacity and the defrosting temperature of the corresponding heat pump unit at different environmental temperatures, and when the temperature of the first heat exchanger reaches the defrosting temperature, the corresponding heat pump unit is controlled to defrost;
the heat storage water tank comprises a first controller which is in communication connection with each second controller respectively; and the first controller calculates the total refrigerating capacity of each heat pump unit for defrosting according to the environment temperature and the corresponding refrigerating capacity, and controls at least one other heat pump unit to start so that the total heating capacity of the heat pump unit at the environment temperature is not less than the total refrigerating capacity.
2. The air-source heat pump water heater of claim 1, wherein the first temperature acquisition device cyclically detects the first heat exchanger temperature and transmits the first heat exchanger temperature to the second controller; the second controller calculates the temperature change rate of the first heat exchanger, and predicts the time of entering defrosting from the defrosting temperature to the first heat exchanger temperature change rate as the prediction time;
the second controller is configured with a preliminary defrost time and determines whether the predicted time is less than the preliminary defrost time; when the predicted time is less than the preliminary defrosting time, transmitting the ambient temperature and the corresponding refrigerating capacity to the first controller; the first controller controls at least one of the heat pump units to start heating, so that the total heating capacity is not less than the total refrigerating capacity of the heat pump unit to be defrosted.
3. The air-source heat pump water heater of claim 2, wherein the preliminary defrost time is no less than 3 minutes.
4. The air-source heat pump water heater according to claim 1, wherein the heating capacity and the cooling capacity are experimentally measured by a method of setting spaced ambient temperature points; and the heating capacity and the cooling capacity which are not at the environment temperature point are obtained by an interpolation method.
5. The air-source heat pump water heater according to claim 2, wherein the hot water storage tank further comprises a water level detection device and a third temperature acquisition device, which are respectively connected with the first controller, detect the water quantity and the water temperature of the hot water storage tank and transmit the water quantity and the water temperature to the first controller; the first controller is configured with an upper water temperature limit;
the first controller is configured to calculate a first heat amount required for the water in the heat storage water tank to reach the upper temperature limit according to the water amount, the water temperature, and the upper water temperature limit when defrosting is completed and there is no heat pump unit of which the predicted time is less than the preliminary defrosting time, and control at least one heat pump unit to operate so that the total heating amount is not less than the first heat amount.
6. The air-source heat pump water heater of claim 5, wherein the first controller is configured to calculate a water temperature change rate according to the water temperature and to control the number of the heat pump units to be operated to be increased or decreased according to the water temperature change rate.
7. The air-source heat pump water heater of claim 5 or 6,
the first controller is configured with an anti-freezing water temperature and an anti-freezing water temperature; when the first controller is in a standby mode, circularly detecting the water temperature and judging whether the water temperature is smaller than the anti-freezing water temperature; when the water temperature is less than the anti-freezing water temperature, executing anti-freezing control;
the anti-freezing control comprises the steps of calculating a second heat quantity required by the water in the heat storage water tank to be anti-frozen according to the water quantity, the water temperature and the anti-freezing water temperature, and controlling at least one heat pump unit to be started to enable the total heating quantity to be not less than the second heat quantity; and when the water temperature is higher than the anti-freezing water temperature, controlling each heat pump unit to stop running.
8. The air-source heat pump water heater according to claim 7, wherein the first controller presets an anti-freeze ring temperature and is configured to execute the anti-freeze control when the ambient temperature is less than the anti-freeze ring temperature and the water temperature is less than the anti-freeze water temperature.
9. The air-source heat pump water heater of claim 7, wherein the anti-freezing control further comprises controlling the low load start-up operation of each heat pump unit in sequence until the second heat is reached when each heat pump unit is started up;
and when the low-load operation of each heat pump unit cannot reach the second heat quantity, sequentially controlling each heat pump unit to increase the load of each heat pump unit until the total heating quantity reaches the second heat quantity.
10. The air-source heat pump water heater according to claim 9, wherein the anti-freeze control further comprises calculating an average temperature rise value averaged to each of the heat pump units that are started up after the total heating capacity of each of the heat pump units is started up to reach the second heating capacity; the average temperature rise value is the value obtained by subtracting the anti-freezing temperature from the anti-freezing release temperature divided by the number of the started heat pump units; when the water temperature is not less than the sum of the average temperature rise value multiplied by the number of heat pump units and the anti-freezing water temperature, controlling the heat pump units corresponding to the number of heat pump units to stop running;
and calculating the average temperature rise value and judging the water temperature for multiple times until all the heat pump units stop operating.
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