CN1136173C - 1,1,3,3-四氯-2-丙烯的气相氟化 - Google Patents

1,1,3,3-四氯-2-丙烯的气相氟化 Download PDF

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CN1136173C
CN1136173C CNB981094864A CN98109486A CN1136173C CN 1136173 C CN1136173 C CN 1136173C CN B981094864 A CNB981094864 A CN B981094864A CN 98109486 A CN98109486 A CN 98109486A CN 1136173 C CN1136173 C CN 1136173C
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gas phase
tetrachloro
reaction mixture
chromium
fluorination
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CN1218789A (zh
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M・Y・埃尔斯海夫
M·Y·埃尔斯海夫
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Arkema Inc
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Elf Atochem North America Inc
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/093Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
    • C07C17/20Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
    • C07C17/21Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract

提供了一种1230za的氟化方法,该方法特征为在足以形成含有1233zd、1234ze和245fa的反应混合物的条件下,在氟化铝或以铬为基的氟化催化剂的存在下,在气相使1230za与氟化氢接触。245fa是已知的发泡剂和制冷剂,而1233zd和1234ze是已知的用于制备245fa的中间体。

Description

1,1,3,3-四氯-2-丙烯的气相氟化
发明的领域
本发明涉及1,1,3,3-四氯-2-丙烯(1230za)的气相催化氟化,特别涉及在氟化铝或铬催化剂的存在下在气相使所述1230za与氟化氢(下面简称为“HF”)接触,制备要求的氟化产物CF3CH=CHCl(1,1,1-三氟-3-氯-2-丙烯或“1233zd”)、CF3CH=CHF(1,1,1,3-四氟-2-丙烯或“1234ze”)、CF3CH2CHF2(1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷或“245fa”)及其混合物的方法。已知245fa被用作发泡剂和制冷剂,而1233zd和1234ze是已知的制备245fa的中间体,例如,可参见5,616,819和与本发明同时提交的未审查专利申请Docket No.IR3514。
发明的背景
美国专利5,616,819公开了以前尝试在催化反应(如使用SbCl5、SnCl4和HOSO3F)中氟化1230za,主要形成低聚产物(在其实施例1(ii)中形成109g低聚物和3g1233zd)。因此本发明的一个目的是提供将1230za成功地转化成有用的氟化产物的催化氟化方法。
发明的概述
本发明提供一种通式CF3R的氟化产物的制备方法,其中R选自-CH=CHCl、-CH=CHF、-CH2CHF2及其混合物,所述方法包括(a)在足以形成含有要求的氟化产物的反应混合物的条件下,用氟化铝或铬氟化催化剂(最好是活性氧化铬催化剂)在气相使1230za与HF接触;以及(b)从所述反应混合物中分离所述要求的氟化产物。业已发现1230za全部(100%)转化,使得反应混合物主要含有要求的氟化产物(1233zd、1234ze和245fa)、氯化氢(HCl)副产品和未反应的HF。
可使用各种方法从这种(最初的)反应混合物中获得或制得245fa。例如,用本领域中已知的常规方法(如吸收或蒸馏)除去HCl,随后将反应混合物(缺HCl)再次氟化,以增加1234ze中间体的量,接着分离1234ze并将其转化成245fa,所有这些均公开在所述未审查的专利申请(Docket No.3514)中。或者,可将245fa、1233zd和HF从最初的反应混合物中分离出来,再循环回反应器中,例如通过蒸馏将最初的反应混合物分离成含有(i)245fa、1233zd和HF以及(ii)1234ze和HCl的物流。随后用前面所述的常规方法分离在第二种物流(ii)中的1234ze和HCl,接着如所述未审查专利申请(Docket No.3514)中所公开的那样,将分离的1234ze转化成245fa。或者,从最初的反应混合物中直接回收(如通过蒸馏)245fa。从245fa/HF混合物中分离HF的方法公开在,例如世界专利申请WO97/27163中。
现已发现在催化气相方法中,氟化铝和以铬为基的氟化催化剂适用于成功地(successfully)氟化1230za,制备要求的产物1233zd、1234ze、245fa及其混合物,并发现可使1230za完全转化。
1230za原料可通过1,1,1,3,3-五氯丙烷(240fa)热解而制得,例如可参见下面的实施例。
1230za的氟化方法包括在第一反应段中,在足以使1230za转化成包含1233zd、1234ze和245fa的氟化产物的条件下,在氟化铝或以铬为基的氟化催化剂的存在下,在气相中使1230za与HF接触。因此,反应混合物主要含有1233zd、1234ze、245fa、HF和HCl。HF:1230za的摩尔比常约为5∶1-50∶1,但最好约为5∶1-20∶1。通常使用的温度约为30-400℃,最好约100-350℃。压力通常约为101.3KPa-2859.3KPa(0-400psig),较好约928.7-1480.3KPa(120-200psig)。可使用各种以铬为基的催化剂,如氧化铬,Cr2O3,这种以铬为基的催化剂可以是非负载型的或者是负载在用氟化物处理的氧化铝或活性炭上的,可单独使用这种铬催化剂,或在助催化剂(例如碱金属如钠、钾或锂;碱土金属如钙、钡或镁;锌;锰;钴或镍)一起存在下使用。两种这类较好的铬催化剂是氧化铬和负载在用氟化物处理的氧化铝上的铬/镍,后面一种催化剂的制备公开在,例如欧洲专利486333。最好在使用前对以铬为基的催化剂进行活化,通常使用如下活化方法,即将催化剂床加热至约370-380℃(通常通连续的氮气流),随后向该催化剂床通入约等体积的HF和空气或氮气(最好是氮气)混合物约18小时。较好的氧化铬催化剂具有高的表面积,如每克约20-250平方米。还可使用氧气或氯气共进料(cofeed)以延长催化剂寿命,其用量通常为进料中每摩尔有机物质约0.005-0.20摩尔氯气或氧气,所述氧气可以以含氧气体(如空气、氧气或氧/氮混合物)的形式加入。接触时间(催化剂体积除以反应试剂和共进料的总流速)通常约1-250秒,较好约1-120秒。
可使用本领域中的已知方法(如蒸馏)直接从第一反应段的混合物中回收245fa。或者,根据所述未审查专利申请(Docket No.IR3514)的说明,可将在第一反应段中制得的1234ze从反应混合物中分离出来,随后在第二反应段中在足以制备245fa的条件下使之与HF接触。进行这种分离的一种方法是对第一反应段制得的反应混合物进行两次蒸馏,第一次蒸馏用于从245fa、1233zd、HF和任何其它重组分(从柱底取出)中分离低沸点的1234ze和HCl(从柱顶取出),第二次蒸馏用于从1234ze(从柱底除去并加入第二反应段)中分离低沸点HCl(从柱顶部除去)。较好的是,将来自第一柱的柱底物料再循环至第一反应段,在该段使1233zd和245fa反应制成1234ze。可如所述未审查的专利申请(Docket No.IR3514)所述使用催化的气相、液相或混合相体系使1234ze在第二反应段氟化成245fa,制备主要成分为245fa、1234ze和HF的混合物。随后可使用常规的技术(如蒸馏)从反应混合物中回收245fa(沸点15℃),更低沸点的1234ze(沸点-16℃)和任何HF/245fa共沸物被从柱顶除去,该共沸物可循环至该反应器。或者,使用本领域中已知的方法(如吸收(吸收在水中或碱性溶液中)或蒸馏)从第一反应段的混合物中除去HCl,随后再氟化该反应混合物(缺HCl)以增加1234ze的量,接着如前面所述分离1234ze并转化成245fa。
在下面非限制性的实施例中,将使用非负载型的高表面积氧化铬催化剂(表面积约为20-200m2/g)对本发明的实施作更详细的描述:
通过将HF(30cc/min)和氮(30cc/min)的混合物共进料18小时,在380℃对催化剂(Cr2O3)进行活化。在下列条件下向反应器在活化的催化剂上加入各种摩尔比(“m.r.”)的1230za和HF以及任何空气的共进料(仅限实施例1和2),结果如下,在所有情况下均获得了100%的1230za的转化率:实施例                  1           2           3        4        5温度(℃)                 330          330          150       175       200压力(KPa/psig)           1239/165     1239/165     101.3/0   101.3/0   101.3/0HF:1230za(m.r.)         10           20           10        10        10接触时间(秒)             53           28           8         8         7每摩尔1230za在空气共     0.03         0.03         -         -         -进料中的氧摩尔数对1233zd的选择性(%)     80.8         66.6         93.9      65.8      53.1对1234ze的选择性(%)     6.8          11.5         0.5       0.5       1.3对245fa的选择性(%)      10.5         20.7         1.1       27.7      42.5
可在活性Cr2O3催化剂的存在下,将240fa分别在100℃、150℃和200℃进行加热而方便地通过三次实验制得1230za原料。在所有实验中转化率大于99%,对1230za的选择性大于93%。

Claims (2)

1.一种通式CF3R的氟化产物的制备方法,其中R选自-CH=CHCl、CH=CHF、-CH2CHF2及其混合物,所述方法包括(a)在HF:1,1,3,3-四氯-2-丙烯的摩尔比为5∶1-50∶1以及在30-400℃的温度和101.3-2859.3KPa的压力的条件下,用氟化铝或铬氟化催化剂在气相使1,1,3,3-四氯-2-丙烯与氟化氢接触;以及(b)从所述反应混合物中分离要求的氟化产物。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述氟化催化剂是活化氧化铬催化剂。
CNB981094864A 1997-12-01 1998-05-28 1,1,3,3-四氯-2-丙烯的气相氟化 Expired - Lifetime CN1136173C (zh)

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US08/980,746 US5811603A (en) 1997-12-01 1997-12-01 Gas phase fluorination of 1230za
US08/980,746 1997-12-01

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EP0919527B1 (en) 2002-02-20
CN1218789A (zh) 1999-06-09
DE69803913D1 (de) 2002-03-28
US5811603A (en) 1998-09-22
EP0919527A1 (en) 1999-06-02
ES2172086T3 (es) 2002-09-16
CA2233528C (en) 2001-10-23
CA2233528A1 (en) 1999-06-01
JP4190615B2 (ja) 2008-12-03
JPH11199529A (ja) 1999-07-27

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