CN113616720B - 一种防治早期先兆流产的药物及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种防治早期先兆流产的药物及其制备方法。本发明技术方案由以下重量份数的药味制成:太子参15~20g,炒白术15~20g,苏梗6~10g,阿胶6~15g,炒杜仲15~25g,续断15~20g,桑寄生9~15g,菟丝子10~15g,延龄草9~15g,神曲10~15g,三七花3~9g,补骨脂10~15g。本发明为防治早期先兆流产的药物及其制备方法,具有补肾健脾,益气安神功效,能够调节妊娠早期肾虚型先兆流产患者生殖内分泌功能,改善患者体内病理生理状态,促进患者生殖功能的恢复,确保妊娠的正常进行,值得临床进一步推广使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种防治早期先兆流产的药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
妊娠于28周前终止者称为流产。如在妊娠12周前自然终止者称早期流产,在妊娠13~27周自然终止者为晚期流产。从不同地区、不同阶层及不同年龄的统计,自然流产的发生率在15%~40%,约75%发生在妊娠16周以前,发生于妊娠12周前者占62%。
早期先兆流产是指妊娠12周以前出现阴道少量流血、小腹坠痛、腰背酸痛等临床症状的疾病。本病经临床治疗可发展为两种结局,一者为继续妊娠,直至足月正常分娩;二者为发展成难免流产,甚至导致反复性自然流产,严重危害女性身心健康。目前,西医在患者未明确具体病因前,多给予孕激素、人绒毛促性腺激素等保胎治疗,但盲目补充激素易带来较多不良反应,甚至导致胎儿畸形。中医防治早期先兆流产历史悠久、疗效可靠,其不仅能根据患者的临床症状给予及时保胎治疗,还能通过调节内分泌系统功能来改善卵巢黄体和胎盘功能,从而使孕卵正常发育。
发明内容
本发明目的是发挥中医辨证论治优势,以补肾健脾,益气安神为基本原则,注重脾肾同补,气血阴阳同调以提高自身免疫能力,进而提高保胎孕育的能力,提供一种防治早期先兆流产的药物及其制备方法。
经临床和动物实验充分证实本发明组方对早期先兆流产有防治作用。
本发明的另一发明目的是提供该药物的制备方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是,一种防治早期先兆流产的药物,由以下重量份数的药味制成:太子参15~20g,炒白术15~20g,苏梗6~10g,阿胶6~15g,炒杜仲15~25g,续断15~20g,桑寄生9~15g,菟丝子10~15g,延龄草9~15g,神曲10~15g,三七花3~9g,补骨脂10~15g。
本发明药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:按照重量份数计算
将上述十二味药加适量水煎煮2次,每次1~2小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液减压浓缩至50℃~70℃时相对密度为1.10~1.50清膏,再加入辅料适量,混匀,制粒,即得。
所述的辅料为:淀粉、蔗糖、乳糖、糊精中的一种或任意几种的混合。
上述药物还可以制成药剂学上的任何一种其它的口服制剂,如片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、丸剂等;
本发明基于肾气不足,脾虚失摄的基本病机,全方配伍以补肾健脾,益气安神为基本原则,既注重调和气血以提高机体免疫机能,又可补益肾气之不足,从而为有早期先兆流产症状的人群有效的弥补了肾气不足,气血虚弱等的弱势,可有效预防和治疗早期先兆流产。
对本发明各组分的药性及组合进行药理作用分析如下:
本品配方由太子参、炒白术、苏梗、阿胶、炒杜仲、续断、桑寄生、菟丝子、延龄草、神曲、三七花和补骨脂组成,具有补肾健脾,益气安神之功效;方中太子参、炒白术健脾益气,延龄草养心宁神,菟丝子、炒杜仲补肾益精,桑寄生、续断固肾壮腰以系胎,阿胶养血止血安胎,臣以补骨脂补肾固冲,佐苏梗、神曲理气和中,使阿胶补而不滞,三七花益肝肾,活血止血,具有双向调节作用。
方中太子参,味甘、微苦,性平。归脾、肺经。益气健脾,生津润肺。
炒白术,味苦、甘,性温。归脾、胃经。健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。
苏梗,味辛,性温,归肺、脾经,理气宽中,止痛,安胎。
阿胶,味甘,性平,归肺、肝、肾经。质地滋润,可入肝补血。
杜仲,味甘、微辛,性平。归肝、肾经。可补肝肾,强筋骨。
续断,味苦、辛,性微温。归肝、肾经。补益肝肾,调理冲任,固经安胎。
桑寄生,味苦、甘。性平,归肝、肾经。可补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎元。
菟丝子,味辛、甘,性平。归肝、肾、脾经。可补益肝肾,安胎,明目,止泻。
延龄草,味甘,性平、有小毒,具有镇静安神,活血止血,延年益寿的功效。
神曲,味甘、辛,性温。归脾、胃经。可健脾和胃,略兼解表功效。
三七花,味甘、微苦,性凉,归肝、胃、心、大肠经。可止血散瘀,消肿定痛,生津平肝。
补骨脂,味辛、苦,性温。归肾、脾经。既能温补肾阳,又能固精缩尿。
全方配伍符合中医理论共奏补肾健脾,益气安神之功,既注重调和气血以提高机体免疫机能,又可补益肾气之不足,从而为早期有先兆流产症状的人群有效的弥补了肾气不足,气血虚弱等的弱势,可有效保胎。
现代药理学研究证实:
太子参,益肺气,润肺燥。含皂苷类,脂类,甾醇类及多糖类成分。太子参提取液有增强免疫和延缓衰老之功效。通过研究发现,太子参提取液可提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率,升高CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+T细胞数量,降低CD8+T细胞数量,增加脾脏胸腺质量。还有研究显示,太子参总提取物增加环磷酰胺致免疫低下墨香小鼠的胸腺,脾脏重量,增加胸腺DNA/RNA和脾脏DNA,增加外周血白细胞数,促进小鼠T、B淋巴细胞转化,增强DTH。太子参极性较大的提取部位可增加小鼠的半数溶血值,吞噬指数。太子参多糖也可增加小鼠脾脏和胸腺的重量,提高小鼠免疫后血清溶血素的含量,促进小鼠网状内皮系统(RES)吞噬功能。表明太子参及太子参提取物具有补气益气,增强免疫的作用。
炒白术,补气健脾,止汗安胎。含有挥发油、倍半萜内酯类、多炔醇类成分。
有研究表明,白术水煎剂可增加环磷酰胺(Cy)致免疫功能低下的小鼠外周血白细胞总数,提高巨噬细胞吞噬功能,减缓小鼠胸腺萎缩,促进溶血素生成,促进小鼠抗体产生和淋巴细胞转化,促进骨髓细胞增殖和白细胞介素-1(IL-1)表达。饲料中加入白术及多糖,增加正常大鼠外周血白细胞,血清溶菌酶含量,增加血清免疫球蛋白和补体,促进外周血、脾脏T/B淋巴细胞转化。白术提取物,可抑制催产素引起的晚孕豚鼠在体子宫的紧张性收缩,白术醇提取物与石油醚提取物,可抑制未孕小鼠离体子宫自发性收缩,抑制催产素、益母草引起的离体子宫收缩。表明白术有健脾益气以及安胎之效。
苏梗,具有理气宽中、止痛、安胎作用,现代药理学研究证明,苏梗主要含精氨酸、枯酸、矢车菊素等成分,具有解热、抗菌、促进肠蠕动等作用。古今医籍多有苏梗药用记载,《本草图经》:宣通风毒。《本草蒙筌》:下诸气略缓,体稍虚者用宜。《本草通玄》:能行气安胎。《本草崇原》:主宽中行气、消饮食、化痰涎,治噎膈反胃、止心腹痛。《得配本草》:疏肝,利肺,理气,和血,解郁,止痛,定嗽,安胎。
阿胶,补血滋阴,主要含蛋白及肽类成分,水解可产生多种氨基酸。付英杰等人的研究发现,小分子阿胶低肽可显著提升化学药物所致的贫血家兔HGB、RBC、WBC;显著增加免疫低下小鼠脾重指数。邓皖利等人的研究发现阿胶活性组分(分子量<8000Da)能够明显的增加环磷酰胺所致的贫血小鼠骨髓单核细胞数,增加骨髓细胞中CFU-GM、BFU-E、CFU-E和CD34含量,增加骨髓细胞中S期细胞比率。宋怡敏等人的以阿胶泡腾颗粒所做的研究发现,可升高盐酸苯肼致贫血的小鼠RBC及Hb的含量,并且提高了肝糖原的含量;同时能增加免疫抑制小鼠脾腺、胸腺指数、碳廓清指数和足肿胀度,增强小鼠的非特异性免疫和细胞免疫功能。从而证明了阿胶的促进造血,增强免疫的作用。
炒杜仲,补肝肾,强筋骨,安胎。主要含生物碱,脂肪酸等。杜仲对大鼠和兔的离体子宫,均能抑制脑垂体后叶所引起的兴奋作用,而使子宫松弛。
续断,补肾壮骨,主要含三萜皂苷类,其次还有生物碱类、萜类、黄酮类和甾醇等。研究表明续断总生物碱可抑制妊娠大鼠在体子宫平滑肌自发收缩,降低收缩幅度和张力,降低催产素诱发的妊娠大鼠在体子宫收缩幅度和张力。续断水煎液可以促进小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,同时,续断的70%醇提取物可升高小鼠腹腔单核吞噬细胞的吞噬指数K和吞噬指数a,促进鸡红细胞免疫所致特异性抗体IgM生成。
桑寄生,具有补肝肾、强筋骨、祛风湿的功效。其主要化学成分为桑寄生总黄酮,并含有挥发油类、凝集素、维生素和微量元素等成分。具有抗炎镇痛、抗肿瘤、降血脂、降血压、降血糖、保护神经等多种显著的药理作用。叶立新等实验研究显示,桑寄生剂量在200g/L时能显著降低模型大鼠血浆β-内啡肽浓度,起到降血压作用。刘丽娟等研究证明复方桑钩颗粒(药物组成:桑寄生、钩藤、丹参、红花等)高、中剂量组均能抑制高血脂模型大鼠收缩压值、总胆固醇及甘油三酯水平,显著升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。汪宁等实验证实桑寄生在体外能加快消耗人Hep G2细胞葡萄糖,桑寄生防治2型糖尿病的作用机制之一可能是加强肝脏的葡萄糖代谢、提高肝细胞对胰岛素的敏感性。桑寄生可减轻因二甲苯引起的小鼠耳肿程度,加速其消退,具有明显的抗炎作用,其效果接近阿司匹林,且桑寄生组小鼠对疼痛的抑制率>50%,说明桑寄生兼具抗炎和镇痛作用。杨再波等用清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DDPH)自由基的能力证实桂花树桑寄生总黄酮有一定的抗氧化活性。Jae-Myung等研究表明桑寄生水提取物的抗过敏作用可能与抑制β-氨基己糖苷酶的释放、减小5-脂氧合酶磷酸化作用及环氧合酶-2的表达有关。Jin等对小鼠进行莫里斯水迷宫实验和被动回避实验研究发现,10、50mg/kg的桑寄生可以逆转东莨菪碱所致的记忆障碍。桑寄生增强记忆与神经保护作用可能与其抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性、活性氧水平、Ca2+内流有关。并通过四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法测得桑寄生在HT22细胞里对谷氨酸诱导的细胞死亡具有神经保护作用。Daniel等研究结果证实桑寄生水溶性部分具有显著的神经保护活性,提出了用于治疗与氧化应激相关神经病症的可能性。表明桑寄生可补益肝肾,同时提高机体免疫抗炎、抗氧化能力。
菟丝子,益肾养肝,既补肾阳,又补肾阴。主要化学成分有黄酮类和有机酸类成分,还有少量微量元素和氨基酸等。谢广妹等人的研究表明,菟丝子水提取物0.3、0.6g/kg可降低孕马血清促性腺激素及人绒毛膜促性腺激素致卵巢过度刺激综合征模型大鼠卵巢重量及血清、卵巢IL-1、IL-6浓度,恢复IL-10正常水平。刘华等人的研究显示,菟丝子总黄酮可降低溴隐亭致流产模型大鼠流产率、Fas/FasL,α肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)mRNA表达,增加妊娠率,提高胎仔成活率、胚胎数量,上调HB-EGF、PCNA、IL-4、IL-10mRNA及PA的表达。罗科研等人的研究说明菟丝子总黄酮可恢复羟基脲致排卵障碍模型大鼠动情周期,升高子宫及卵巢指数,促进卵泡的生长发育,增加次级卵泡数量,升高血清FSH、LH、E2及P水平。菟丝子黄酮也可增加大鼠卵巢和子宫重量,增强hCG/LH受体功能,增强垂体对促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的反应性,促进溴隐亭致流产模型大鼠母-胎界面蜕膜和胎盘增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、胎盘HB-EGF表达,下调蜕膜和胎盘Fas/FasL表达,增加去卵巢雌性大鼠的动脉平滑肌细胞的雌激素受体。表明菟丝子具有性激素样作用并有延缓衰老的作用。
延龄草是传统名贵中药,也是恩施土家族民间药之一,其味甘、性平、有小毒,具有镇静安神,活血止血,延年益寿的功效,现代药理研究具有抗氧化、抗衰老、降血压、抗炎镇痛、调节免疫等作用。有研究发现,延龄草中提取的总甾体皂苷可减轻中动脉栓塞致局灶性脑缺血大鼠组织损伤,改善神经病理学及神经血管单元微结构改变,增加缺血脑区血流灌注,促进神经功能的重塑。孙艳平等研究了延龄草水提液对小鼠镇静催眠作用:主要通过小鼠直接睡眠法、自主活动能力测定实验、与阈下剂量及阈上剂量的戊巴比妥钠协同睡眠等实验方法,结果表明延龄草提取物能减少小鼠自主活动能力和行为,增加由阈下剂量及阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠入睡百分率和睡眠时间,说明了延龄草提取物对小鼠有一定镇静催眠作用。表明延龄草可通过镇静安神起到保胎安胎作用。
神曲,温中健脾,甘温和中。主要含酵母菌,还有挥发油、苷类、脂肪油及维生素B等。神曲水煎剂可调节大黄灌胃致脾虚模型小鼠的肠道菌群,使肠杆菌、长球菌、双歧杆菌、类杆菌和乳酸杆菌恢复正常,可增加肠壁肌层厚度,增加细胞数量,调节肠粘膜微绒毛排列紊乱。
三七花,善化瘀血,以通为治,能促进血液运行,使血脉通利。主要含四环三萜类成分。三七总皂苷100-800mg/L体外能抑制高脂血清所致动脉平滑肌细胞(VSMC)的DNA合成及异常增生,能保护高脂血清对VSMC的损伤,明显减少细胞的死亡率。三七总皂苷对人胎儿血管平滑肌细胞的增殖有抑制作用。而且随浓度加大抑制作用加强。三七总皂苷600mg/L可抑制高脂血清对人胎儿血管平滑肌细胞的刺激作用。刘建辉等人做的研究显示,三七花可以加快注血法所致家兔慢性硬膜下血肿局部纤维性修复,减轻外膜炎症和氧化损伤,降低VEGF表达,减少病理性血管形成。表明三七花有止血化瘀,提高免疫的双向调节作用。
补骨脂,温肾助阳,温脾止泻。主要含有香豆素类成分,还有黄酮类脂肪酸类等。韦妍妍等人的研究显示,用补骨脂混悬液,可降低去卵巢模型大鼠肛温,提高子宫系数和肾上腺系数,升高血液E2浓度,降低促黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)水平。李璘等人的研究所用的补骨脂的水煎液,可提高性未成熟及成年小鼠卵巢和子宫重量,增加阴道角化细胞。补骨脂醇提取物可升高未成熟雌性小鼠子宫系数和血清雌激素含量。补骨脂石油醚提取物可增加雌性小鼠子宫重量。表明补骨脂有补肾益气,助阳温脾的作用。
本发明对肾虚自然流产大鼠疗效评价研究
目的:明确本发明对肾虚自然流产大鼠的治疗作用及作用机制。方法:将妊娠大鼠(妊娠第一天)随机分为3组,正常对照组、模型组和本发明组,采用羟基脲联合米非司酮方法复制肾虚自然流产大鼠模型。观察各组大鼠行为形态、子宫系数、胚胎数、流产率、卵巢组织改变;酶联免疫法检测各组大鼠血清P、β-HCG;黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测各组大鼠血清SOD。结果:(1)行为学观察,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠表现出一定程度的被毛蓬松、拱背少动、倦卧、活动力下降、纳食减少等症状。本发明组与模型组比较,以上症状有明显改善。(2)流产判断,模型组胚胎数明显减少,流产率明显升高,与正常组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。本发明组可显著增加胚胎数及降低流产率,与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)血清孕激素(P)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)比较,模型组血清P、β-HCG明显降低,与正常组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。本发明组血清P明显升高,与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与正常组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);本发明组血清β-HCG含量出现上升趋势,与模型组比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。(4)血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性比较:模型组大鼠血清SOD活性显著降低,与对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.01),有统计学意义。经本发明干预后,血清SOD活性明显升高,与模型组比较,差异显著(P<0.01);与正常对照组比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:(1)采用羟基脲联合米非司酮方法复制肾虚SA病证结合模型,方法可靠可行,可进一步推广使用。(2)基于中医“肾主生殖”和《千金方·养胎》“调心神、和性情”提出的宁神益胎法对于肾虚自然流产具有确切治疗作用。(3)本发明治疗肾虚自然流产疗效确切,优势明显,具有广阔的应用前景。
动物实验研究
1.实验材料与方法
1.1实验动物
雄性12周龄SPF级SD大鼠25只,雌性10周龄未产SPF级SD大鼠50只,体质量200-250g。广州中医药大学实验动物中心提供,质量合格证号:0043433;质量检测单位:广东省实验动物监测所;许可证号:syxk(粤)2008-0001。
1.2实验药物
羟基脲:0.5g/片,齐鲁制药有限公司生产,产品批号:906012LC
米非司酮(RU486):25mg/片,湖北葛店人福药业有限责任公司生产,产品批号:081103
本发明组成:太子参15-20g,炒白术15-20g,苏梗6-10g,阿胶6-15g,炒杜仲15-25g,续断15-20g,桑寄生9-15g,菟丝子10-15g,延龄草9-15g,神曲10-15g,三七花3-9g,补骨脂10-15g。
1.3实验方法
1.3.1动物造模
适应性饲养一周后,将SD大鼠于每日下午5时按照2:1比例进行雌雄合笼,次日晨7时查看阴道涂片,发现大量精子者作为妊娠第1天,将受孕后的雌鼠用随机取数法进行分组,分为正常对照组、模型组和中药组3组。从妊娠第一天即开始造模,参考文献(罗颂平等.助孕3号方防治大鼠自然流产的机理研究.中国中西医结合杂2003,23(7):522-524),方法如下:
A组:正常对照组,于妊娠第1~10天,给予生理盐水灌胃;
B组:模型组(肾虚+黄体抑制模型组),于妊娠第1~10天,给予羟基脲灌胃450mg/kg,妊娠第10天加用米非司酮灌胃3.75mg/kg;
C组:中药(本发明)组,(肾虚+黄体抑制模型组+本发明),在B组基础上,于妊娠第1~10天每日加用本发明灌胃(中剂量)。
1.3.2指标检测
①形态学观察
于妊娠第12天处死动物后观察记录卵巢、脾、肾、肾上腺重量;子宫形态与重量,计算脏器指数(脏器重量÷体重×100%)。光镜下随机观察一侧卵巢次级卵泡、成熟卵泡与黄体数目,子宫蜕膜与胚胎的组织学改变。
②流产判断
a.完全流产:有阴道流血,子宫呈竹节状,胚胎已消失,体重下降>10g/48h;
b.胚胎坏死:宫腔瘀血,胚胎呈紫黑色,直径缩小。
③血清孕激素(P)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)测定:于妊娠D10、D12分别于目内眦采血2ml,室温离心,取上清。按照试剂盒说明,用酶联免疫法检测,以评价流产模型的成功与否。
④血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性测定:于妊娠D12,10%水合氯醛麻醉后采集腹主动脉血2ml,室温离心,取上清。用黄嘌呤氧化酶法按试剂盒操作,以评价肾虚模型的成功与否。
1.3.3统计学处理
全部实验数据用均数±标准差()表示,用SPSS13.0 for windows软件处理,多组均数比较采用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA),显著性水平定义为:P<0.05为差异有显著性,P<0.01为差异有极显著性。
2.实验结果与讨论
2.1形态及行为学观察
妊娠大鼠灌服羟基脲后都有不同程度的被毛蓬松、拱背少动、倦卧、活动力下降、纳食减少等症状,与文献报道一致。各组大鼠造模前后体质量变化以对照组增加最多,模型组增加最少,中药组增加与对照组相近。予米非司酮后,第2天部分见阴道出血现象;解剖时发现造模各组动物流产病变情况不一。提示实验性大鼠肾虚流产模型制备成功。
2.2各组大鼠流产率比较,见表1
注:①与A组比较,▲P<0.05,▲▲P<0.01;
②与B组比较,■P<0.05;■■P<0.01。下同
如表1所示,模型组大鼠子宫质量系数、胚胎数明显减少,与对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.01),有统计学意义。经中药干预后,子宫质量系数、胚胎数明显增加,与模型组比较,差异显著(P<0.01)。各组大鼠流产率比较,模型组大鼠流产率高达83.4%,与对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.01),有统计学意义。经中药干预后,流产率显著降低,与模型组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。
2.3各组大鼠血清P、β-HCG、SOD含量比较,见表2
如表2所示,模型组大鼠血清P含量明显降低,与对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.01),有统计学意义。经中药干预后,血清P含量上升,与模型组比较,差异显著(P<0.05);与正常对照组比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
模型组大鼠血清β-HCG含量明显降低,与对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05),有统计学意义。经中药干预后,血清β-HCG含量出现上升趋势,与模型组比较,差异不显著(P<0.05)。
模型组大鼠血清SOD活性显著降低,与对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.01),有统计学意义。经中药干预后,血清SOD活性明显升高,与模型组比较,差异显著(P<0.01);与正常对照组比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
2.4讨论
黄体酮(孕酮P)是由卵巢黄体分泌的一种天然孕激素,在体内对雌激素激发过的子宫内膜有显著形态学影响,为维持妊娠所必需。
β-HCG是受孕后由滋养叶细胞所分泌的一种糖蛋白,它刺激卵巢黄体转变为妊娠黄体,以分泌大量的孕酮维持妊娠,同时还能将血中胆固醇或孕烯醇酮转变为孕酮。足量hCG可使妊娠黄体不退化,维持胚囊发育,反之将影响胚胎发育或着床。
本实验结果显示,模型组大鼠血清P、β-HCG含量明显降低,与正常对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.05),有统计学意义。提示本实验成功模拟了SA的病理表现,模型构建成功。经本发明干预后,血清P含量上升,与模型组比较,差异显著(P<0.05);与正常对照组比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。提示本发明对肾虚自然流产模型大鼠具有确切的治疗作用,且作用机制是通过提高血清P含量发挥维持妊娠的治疗作用。
临床研究部分
本研究以我中心接收治疗的300例早期先兆流产患者为研究对象,对本发明防治早期先兆流产临床疗效进行初步分析,内容报告如下。
1资料与方法
1.1临床资料
选择2018年3月至2019年3月300例早期先兆流产患者为研究对象。在患者知情自愿的前提下,采用随机平行对照观察的设计方案,根据其就诊时间先后顺序,随机分入观察组和对照组。观察组150例,年龄范围22~40岁,平均年龄(30.1±5.1)岁,病程1~7(2.8±0.9)天;孕周4~10(6.1±1.3)周;妊娠次数:首次妊娠32例,流产1次45例,流产≥2次73例。对照组150例,年龄范围22~39岁,平均年龄(29.8±4.9)岁,病程1~7(2.6±1.0)天;孕周4~10(5.9±1.1)周;妊娠次数:首次妊娠36例,流产1次42例,流产≥2次72例。2组年龄、病程、孕周以及妊娠次数比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗方案取得患者的知情同意,符合医学伦理委员会的批准。
1.2纳入标准:
均符合《妇产科学》中早期先兆流产诊断标准,中医诊断标准符合《中药新药临床研究指导原则》中肾虚型早期先兆流产的诊断标准。主症:停经4~12周,阴道少量出血,色黯淡,腰酸腹坠;次症:头晕耳鸣,夜尿频多,曾屡有堕胎,面部黯斑,眼眶黝黑,舌脉:舌质黯淡,苔白,脉沉细略滑。患者均在近3个月内未采用其他药物及他法治疗。
1.3排除标准:
所有患者均排除夫妇染色体检测异常者;均排除近期有服药、感冒、炎症或其他疾病急性期;均排除合并子宫肌瘤或者生殖道畸形等生殖道肿瘤者;均排除对治疗药物过敏者;均排除无法合作者;排除具有合并精神、内分泌、神经、免疫疾患正服药治疗者。
1.4治疗方法
2组患者均给予相同常规治疗,包括营养支持、卧床休息、严禁性生活等,给予肌注黄体酮注射液(浙江仙琚制药股份有限公司,国药准字H33020828,规格:20mg),40mg/次,1次/d;给予肌注绒促性素(丽珠集团丽珠制药厂,国药准字H44020673,规格:2000IU),2000IU/次,隔日1次。观察组在此基础上给予本发明治疗,30g/次,2次/日,开水冲服,7d为1个疗程。2组均治疗21d。本发明药物组成:太子参15-20g,炒白术15-20g,苏梗6-10g,阿胶6-15g,炒杜仲15-25g,续断15-20g,桑寄生9-15g,菟丝子10-15g,延龄草9-15g,神曲10-15g,三七花3-9g,补骨脂10-15g。服药期间禁辛辣冰冻刺激性食物,调节情志,确保心情舒畅。
1.5观察指标:
①临床疗效:参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》进行疗效评估。痊愈:治疗7d内,患者主要临床症状完全消失,B超显示子宫大小和胚胎发育均与孕周相符,积分减少率≥90%,孕12周胎儿发育正常;显效:治疗7d内,患者主要临床症状得到明显改善,B超显示子宫大小和胚胎发育均与孕周相符,积分减少率为75%~90%,孕12周胎儿发育正常;有效:治疗10d内,无阴道流血,其他主要临床症状有所改善,B超显示子宫大小和胚胎发育均与孕周相符,积分减少率为30%~75%;无效:治疗10d后,患者主要临床症状无变化甚至加重,B超显示子宫大小和胚胎发育均与孕周不符,积分减少率<30%。积分减少率=(治疗前积分-治疗后积分)/治疗前积分×100%;痊愈+显效+有效为总有效。
②血清生殖内分泌激素含量:分别于治疗前、治疗7d后、治疗21d后、孕12周取患者清晨空腹静脉血5ml,经处理后,采用发光免疫法测定人绒毛膜促性腺素(β-HCG)、孕酮(P)和雌二醇(E2)水平。
③妊娠结局:治疗后,对2组妊娠患者均随访至分娩,统计分析患者妊娠结局。
1.6统计学方法:
数据采用SSPS 19.0统计软件进行统计学处理。计量指标采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,比较采用t检验;计数资料比较采用x2检验。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
2治疗结果
2.1临床疗效比较
治疗后,2组患者临床疗效比较,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组,统计学处理有显著性差异(P<0.05)。见表1。
表1治疗后两组临床疗效比较例(%)
注:*:与对照组比较,P<0.05。
2.2生殖内分泌激素含量比较
治疗后,2组患者血液E2、P和β-HCG含量,与治疗前比较,均显著升高(P<0.05),且观察组血清生殖内分泌激素含量改善状况均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。见表2。
注:*:与治疗前比较,P<0.05;△:与对照组比较,P<0.05。
2.3妊娠结局比较
2组治疗后,随访显示,观察组足月妊娠率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而早产率和流产率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。见表3。
表3两组妊娠结局比较例(%)
注:*:与对照组比较,P<0.05
3小结
早期先兆流产可归属为中医“胎漏”“胎动不安”等范畴,《血证论》曰“妇人以血养胎,血或不足,或不和,於是有胎气诸证”,胎既成于气,亦摄于气,气旺则使胎元牢固,气衰则致胎堕,胎元需血液的滋养,母血亦是胚胎的营养物质,气血的充盈或亏损,时时影响胎元的发育,若“气虚不能摄胎”会发生妊娠腹痛、胎动不安、堕胎、小产等,若“气虚不能摄血”,又可致胎漏发生,甚小产血崩。妇女在受孕后,易因生理上发生的特殊变化,出现脏腑、阴阳、气血的偏盛或者偏衰,主要与肝脾肾功能的失调密切相关,其中以肾脏为要,肾是藏精而为气血之始,是藏真阴而寓元阳之宅,有主蛰封藏的功能,是生殖之本。肾气充盛,封藏正常,则胎元牢固,足月顺产;若肾气虚衰,封藏失司,胎失所系,可致胎动不安、胎漏、滑胎、小产等证。此外,脾胃乃气血生化之源,若脾胃气虚,运化失职,饮食衰少,则影响胎元的形成,肝藏血而主生发,司一身气机的调节,在妇女同为先天,肝的藏血不足,冲任亏虚,肝的疏泻生发之气不振,常常导致胎元不长。所以肾精充盈,阴阳匀均,胎有所系;脾气健运,气血充盈,统摄正常;肝血调和,冲任通畅,则胎儿得养。故治疗妊娠疾病宜遵循“补肾健脾,滋养肝肾”的原则。《千金方·养胎》曰“居处简静,割不正不食,席不正不坐;弹琴瑟,调心神,和性情,节嗜欲。庶事清静,生子皆良,长寿忠孝,仁义聪慧,无疾”。强调妊娠期间,孕妇除了本身要注意起居饮食外,还应保持心情舒畅,调节情志。据此本研究提出以补肾健脾益气安神之这种治疗早期先兆流产的药物治疗早期肾虚型先兆流产,研究结果显示,观察组治疗后总有效率显著高于对照组,患者生殖内分泌激素以及妊娠结局均显著优于对照组。提示这种治疗早期先兆流产的药物能够调节妊娠早期肾虚型先兆流产患者生殖内分泌功能,改善患者体内病理生理状态,促进患者生殖功能的恢复,确保妊娠的正常进行,值得临床进一步推广使用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例所述一种治疗早期先兆流产的药物药物,由以下重量份数的药味制成:
太子参15g,炒白术15g,苏梗6g,阿胶6g(烊化),炒杜仲15g,续断15g,桑寄生9g,菟丝子10g,延龄草9g,神曲10g,三七花3g,补骨脂10g。
本实施例的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按照重量份数计算,将上述十二味药加适量水煎煮2次,每次1小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液减压浓缩至50℃时相对密度为1.10清膏,再加入辅料适量,混匀,制粒,即得。
实施例2
本实施例所述一种治疗早期先兆流产的药物,由以下重量份数的药味制成:
太子参20g,炒白术20g,苏梗10g,阿胶15g(烊化),炒杜仲25g,续断20g,桑寄生15g,菟丝子15g,延龄草15g,神曲15g,三七花9g,补骨脂15g。
本实施例的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按照重量份数计算,将上述十二味药加水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液减压浓缩至70℃时相对密度为1.50清膏,再加入辅料适量,混匀,制粒,即得。
实施例3
本实施例所述一种治疗早期先兆流产的药物,由以下重量份数的药味制成:
太子参17.5g,炒白术17.5g,苏梗8g,阿胶10.5g(烊化),炒杜仲20g,续断17.5g,桑寄生12g,菟丝子12.5g,延龄草12g,神曲12.5g,三七花6g,补骨脂12.5g。
本实施例的制备方法,按照重量份数计算,将上述十二味药加水煎煮2次,每次2小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.30清膏,再加入辅料适量,混匀,制粒,即得。
本发明的药物除了制成上述实施例的颗粒外,还可以制成药剂学上的任何一种其它的口服制剂,如片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、丸剂等。
Claims (3)
1.一种防治早期先兆流产的药物,其特征是,由以下的药味制成:太子参15~20g,炒白术15~20g,苏梗6~10g,阿胶6~15g,炒杜仲15~25g,续断15~20g,桑寄生9~15g,菟丝子10~15g,延龄草9~15g,神曲10~15g,三七花3~9g,补骨脂10~15g。
2.一种制备权利要求1所述防治早期先兆流产的药物的方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
将上述十二味药加水煎煮2次,每次1~2小时,合并煎液,滤过,滤液减压浓缩至50℃~70℃时相对密度为1.10~1.50清膏,再加入辅料,混匀,制粒,即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征是,所述的辅料为:淀粉、蔗糖、乳糖、糊精中的一种或任意几种的混合。
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